Part 1 Discourses
Original German
Die Reden Zarathustra's.
Von den drei Verwandlungen.
Drei Verwandlungen nenne ich euch des Geistes: wie der Geist zum Kameele wird, und zum Löwen das Kameel, und zum Kinde zuletzt der Löwe.
Vieles Schwere giebt es dem Geiste, dem starken, tragsamen Geiste, dem Ehrfurcht innewohnt: nach dem Schweren und Schwersten verlangt seine Stärke.
Was ist schwer? so fragt der tragsame Geist, so kniet er nieder, dem Kameele gleich, und will gut beladen sein.
Was ist das Schwerste, ihr Helden? so fragt der tragsame Geist, dass ich es auf mich nehme und meiner Stärke froh werde.
Ist es nicht das: sich erniedrigen, um seinem Hochmuth wehe zu thun? Seine Thorheit leuchten lassen, um seiner Weisheit zu spotten?
Oder ist es das: von unserer Sache scheiden, wenn sie ihren Sieg feiert? Auf hohe Berge steigen, um den Versucher zu versuchen?
Oder ist es das: sich von Eicheln und Gras der Erkenntniss nähren und um der Wahrheit willen an der Seele Hunger leiden?
Oder ist es das: krank sein und die Tröster heimschicken und mit Tauben Freundschaft schliessen, die niemals hören, was du willst?
Oder ist es das: in schmutziges Wasser steigen, wenn es das Wasser der Wahrheit ist, und kalte Frösche und heisse Kröten nicht von sich weisen?
Oder ist es das: Die lieben, die uns verachten, und dem Gespenste die Hand reichen, wenn es uns fürchten machen will?
Alles diess Schwerste nimmt der tragsame Geist auf sich: dem Kameele gleich, das beladen in die Wüste eilt, also eilt er in seine Wüste.
Aber in der einsamsten Wüste geschieht die zweite Verwandlung: zum Löwen wird hier der Geist, Freiheit will er sich erbeuten und Herr sein in seiner eignen Wüste.
Seinen letzten Herrn sucht er sich hier: feind will er ihm werden und seinem letzten Gotte, um Sieg will er mit dem grossen Drachen ringen.
Welches ist der grosse Drache, den der Geist nicht mehr Herr und Gott heissen mag? „Du-sollst“ heisst der grosse Drache. Aber der Geist des Löwen sagt „ich will“.
„Du-sollst“ liegt ihm am Wege, goldfunkelnd, ein Schuppenthier, und auf jeder Schuppe glänzt golden „Du sollst!“
Tausendjährige Werthe glänzen an diesen Schuppen, und also spricht der mächtigste aller Drachen: „aller Werth der Dinge — der glänzt an mir.“
„Aller Werth ward schon geschaffen, und aller geschaffene Werth — das bin ich. Wahrlich, es soll kein „Ich will“ mehr geben!“ Also spricht der Drache.
Meine Brüder, wozu bedarf es des Löwen im Geiste? Was genügt nicht das lastbare Thier, das entsagt und ehrfürchtig ist?
Neue Werthe schaffen — das vermag auch der Löwe noch nicht: aber Freiheit sich schaffen zu neuem Schaffen — das vermag die Macht des Löwen.
Freiheit sich schaffen und ein heiliges Nein auch vor der Pflicht: dazu, meine Brüder, bedarf es des Löwen.
Recht sich nehmen zu neuen Werthen — das ist das furchtbarste Nehmen für einen tragsamen und ehrfürchtigen Geist. Wahrlich, ein Rauben ist es ihm und eines raubenden Thieres Sache.
Als sein Heiligstes liebte er einst das „Du-sollst“: nun muss er Wahn und Willkür auch noch im Heiligsten finden, dass er sich Freiheit raube von seiner Liebe: des Löwen bedarf es zu diesem Raube.
Aber sagt, meine Brüder, was vermag noch das Kind, das auch der Löwe nicht vermochte? Was muss der raubende Löwe auch noch zum Kinde werden?
Unschuld ist das Kind und Vergessen, ein Neubeginnen, ein Spiel, ein aus sich rollendes Rad, eine erste Bewegung, ein heiliges Ja-sagen.
Ja, zum Spiele des Schaffens, meine Brüder, bedarf es eines heiligen Ja-sagens: seinen Willen will nun der Geist, seine Welt gewinnt sich der Weltverlorene.
Drei Verwandlungen nannte ich euch des Geistes: wie der Geist zum Kameele ward, und zum Löwen das Kameel, und der Löwe zuletzt zum Kinde. — —
Also sprach Zarathustra. Und damals weilte er in der Stadt, welche genannt wird: die bunte Kuh.
Von den Lehrstühlen der Tugend.
Man rühmte Zarathustra einen Weisen, der gut vom Schlafe und von der Tugend zu reden wisse: sehr werde er geehrt und gelohnt dafür, und alle Jünglinge sässen vor seinem Lehrstuhle. Zu ihm gieng Zarathustra, und mit allen Jünglingen sass er vor seinem Lehrstuhle. Und also sprach der Weise:
Ehre und Scham vor dem Schlafe! Das ist das Erste! Und Allen aus dem Wege gehn, die schlecht schlafen und Nachts wachen!
Schamhaft ist noch der Dieb vor dem Schlafe: stets stiehlt er sich leise durch die Nacht. Schamlos aber ist der Wächter der Nacht, schamlos trägt er sein Horn.
Keine geringe Kunst ist schlafen: es thut schon Noth, den ganzen Tag darauf hin zu wachen.
Zehn Mal musst du des Tages dich selber überwinden: das macht eine gute Müdigkeit und ist Mohn der Seele.
Zehn Mal musst du dich wieder mit dir selber versöhnen; denn Überwindung ist Bitterniss, und schlecht schläft der Unversöhnte.
Zehn Wahrheiten musst du des Tages finden: sonst suchst du noch des Nachts nach Wahrheit, und deine Seele blieb hungrig.
Zehn Mal musst du lachen am Tage und heiter sein: sonst stört dich der Magen in der Nacht, dieser Vater der Trübsal.
Wenige wissen das: aber man muss alle Tugenden haben, um gut zu schlafen. Werde ich falsch Zeugniss reden? Werde ich ehebrechen?
Werde ich mich gelüsten lassen meines Nächsten Magd? Das Alles vertrüge sich schlecht mit gutem Schlafe.
Und selbst wenn man alle Tugenden hat, muss man sich noch auf Eins verstehn: selber die Tugenden zur rechten Zeit schlafen schicken.
Dass sie sich nicht mit einander zanken, die artigen Weiblein! Und über dich, du Unglückseliger!
Friede mit Gott und dem Nachbar: so will es der gute Schlaf. Und Friede auch noch mit des Nachbars Teufel! Sonst geht er bei dir des Nachts um.
Ehre der Obrigkeit und Gehorsam, und auch der krummen Obrigkeit! So will es der gute Schlaf. Was kann ich dafür, dass die Macht gerne auf krummen Beinen wandelt?
Der soll mir immer der beste Hirt heissen, der sein Schaf auf die grünste Aue führt: so verträgt es sich mit gutem Schlafe.
Viel Ehren will ich nicht, noch grosse Schätze: das entzündet die Milz. Aber schlecht schläft es sich ohne einen guten Namen und einen kleinen Schatz.
Eine kleine Gesellschaft ist mir willkommener als eine böse: doch muss sie gehn und kommen zur rechten Zeit. So verträgt es sich mit gutem Schlafe.
Sehr gefallen mir auch die Geistig-Armen: sie fördern den Schlaf. Selig sind die, sonderlich, wenn man ihnen immer Recht giebt.
Also läuft der Tag dem Tugendsamen. Kommt nun die Nacht, so hüte ich mich wohl, den Schlaf zu rufen! Nicht will er gerufen sein, der Schlaf, der der Herr der Tugenden ist!
Sondern ich denke, was ich des Tages gethan und gedacht. Wiederkäuend frage ich mich, geduldsam gleich einer Kuh: welches waren doch deine zehn Überwindungen?
Und welches waren die zehn Versöhnungen und die zehn Wahrheiten und die zehn Gelächter, mit denen sich mein Herz gütlich that?
Solcherlei erwägend und gewiegt von vierzig Gedanken, überfällt mich auf einmal der Schlaf, der Ungerufne, der Herr der Tugenden.
Der Schlaf klopft mir auf mein Auge: da wird es schwer. Der Schlaf berührt mir den Mund: da bleibt er offen.
Wahrlich, auf weichen Sohlen kommt er mir, der liebste der Diebe, und stiehlt mir meine Gedanken: dumm stehe ich da wie dieser Lehrstuhl.
Aber nicht lange mehr stehe ich dann: da liege ich schon. —
Als Zarathustra den Weisen also sprechen hörte, lachte er bei sich im Herzen: denn ihm war dabei ein Licht aufgegangen. Und also sprach er zu seinem Herzen:
Ein Narr ist mir dieser Weise da mit seinen vierzig Gedanken: aber ich glaube, dass er sich wohl auf das Schlafen versteht.
Glücklich schon, wer in der Nähe dieses Weisen wohnt! Solch ein Schlaf steckt an, noch durch eine dicke Wand hindurch steckt er an.
Ein Zauber wohnt selbst in seinem Lehrstuhle. Und nicht vergebens sassen die Jünglinge vor dem Prediger der Tugend.
Seine Weisheit heisst: wachen, um gut zu schlafen. Und wahrlich, hätte das Leben keinen Sinn und müsste ich Unsinn wählen, so wäre auch mir diess der wählenswürdigste Unsinn.
Jetzo verstehe ich klar, was einst man vor Allem suchte, wenn man Lehrer der Tugend suchte. Guten Schlaf suchte man sich und mohnblumige Tugenden dazu!
Allen diesen gelobten Weisen der Lehrstühle war Weisheit der Schlaf ohne Träume: sie kannten keinen bessern Sinn des Lebens.
Auch noch heute wohl giebt es Einige, wie diesen Prediger der Tugend, und nicht immer so Ehrliche: aber ihre Zeit ist um. Und nicht mehr lange stehen sie noch: da liegen sie schon.
Selig sind diese Schläfrigen: denn sie sollen bald einnicken. —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von den Hinterweltlern.
Einst warf auch Zarathustra seinen Wahn jenseits des Menschen, gleich allen Hinterweltlern. Eines leidenden und zerquälten Gottes Werk schien mir da die Welt.
Traum schien mir da die Welt und Dichtung eines Gottes; farbiger Rauch vor den Augen eines göttlich Unzufriednen.
Gut und böse und Lust und Leid und Ich und Du — farbiger Rauch dünkte mich's vor schöpferischen Augen. Wegsehn wollte der Schöpfer von sich, — da schuf er die Welt.
Trunkne Lust ist's dem Leidenden, wegzusehn von seinem Leiden und sich zu verlieren. Trunkne Lust und Selbst-sich-Verlieren dünkte mich einst die Welt.
Diese Welt, die ewig unvollkommene, eines ewigen Widerspruches Abbild und unvollkommnes Abbild — eine trunkne Lust ihrem unvollkommnen Schöpfer: — also dünkte mich einst die Welt.
Also warf auch ich einst meinen Wahn jenseits des Menschen, gleich allen Hinterweltlern. Jenseits des Menschen in Wahrheit?
Ach, ihr Brüder, dieser Gott, den ich schuf, war Menschen-Werk und -Wahnsinn, gleich allen Göttern!
Mensch war er, und nur ein armes Stück Mensch und Ich: aus der eigenen Asche und Gluth kam es mir, dieses Gespenst, und wahrlich! Nicht kam es mir von Jenseits!
Was geschah, meine Brüder? Ich überwand mich, den Leidenden, ich trug meine eigne Asche zu Berge, eine hellere Flamme erfand ich mir. Und siehe! Da wich das Gespenst von mir!
Leiden wäre es mir jetzt und Qual dem Genesenen, solche Gespenster zu glauben: Leiden wäre es mir jetzt und Erniedrigung. Also rede ich zu den Hinterweltlern.
Leiden war's und Unvermögen — das schuf alle Hinterwelten; und jener kurze Wahnsinn des Glücks, den nur der Leidendste erfährt.
Müdigkeit, die mit Einem Sprunge zum Letzten will, mit einem Todessprunge, eine arme unwissende Müdigkeit, die nicht einmal mehr wollen will: die schuf alle Götter und Hinterwelten.
Glaubt es mir, meine Brüder! Der Leib war's, der am Leibe verzweifelte, — der tastete mit den Fingern des bethörten Geistes an die letzten Wände.
Glaubt es mir, meine Brüder! Der Leib war's, der an der Erde verzweifelte, — der hörte den Bauch des Seins zu sich reden.
Und da wollte er mit dem Kopfe durch die letzten Wände, und nicht nur mit dem Kopfe, — hinüber zu „jener Welt“.
Aber „jene Welt“ ist gut verborgen vor dem Menschen, jene entmenschte unmenschliche Welt, die ein himmlisches Nichts ist; und der Bauch des Seins redet gar nicht zum Menschen, es sei denn als Mensch.
Wahrlich, schwer zu beweisen ist alles Sein und schwer zum Reden zu bringen. Sagt mir, ihr Brüder, ist nicht das Wunderlichste aller Dinge noch am besten bewiesen?
Ja, diess Ich und des Ich's Widerspruch und Wirrsal redet noch am redlichsten von seinem Sein, dieses schaffende, wollende, werthende Ich, welches das Maass und der Werth der Dinge ist.
Und diess redlichste Sein, das Ich — das redet vom Leibe, und es will noch den Leib, selbst wenn es dichtet und schwärmt und mit zerbrochnen Flügeln flattert.
Immer redlicher lernt es reden, das Ich: und je mehr es lernt, um so mehr findet es Worte und Ehren für Leib und Erde.
Einen neuen Stolz lehrte mich mein Ich, den lehre ich die Menschen: nicht mehr den Kopf in den Sand der himmlischen Dinge zu stecken, sondern frei ihn zu tragen, einen Erden-Kopf, der der Erde Sinn schafft!
Einen neuen Willen lehre ich die Menschen: diesen Weg wollen, den blindlings der Mensch gegangen, und gut ihn heissen und nicht mehr von ihm bei Seite schleichen, gleich den Kranken und Absterbenden!
Kranke und Absterbende waren es, die verachteten Leib und Erde und erfanden das Himmlische und die erlösenden Blutstropfen: aber auch noch diese süssen und düstern Gifte nahmen sie von Leib und Erde!
Ihrem Elende wollten sie entlaufen, und die Sterne waren ihnen zu weit. Da seufzten sie: „Oh dass es doch himmlische Wege gäbe, sich in ein andres Sein und Glück zu schleichen!“ — da erfanden sie sich ihre Schliche und blutigen Tränklein!
Ihrem Leibe und dieser Erde nun entrückt wähnten sie sich, diese Undankbaren. Doch wem dankten sie ihrer Entrückung Krampf und Wonne? Ihrem Leibe und dieser Erde.
Milde ist Zarathustra den Kranken. Wahrlich, er zürnt nicht ihren Arten des Trostes und Undanks. Mögen sie Genesende werden und Überwindende und einen höheren Leib sich schaffen!
Nicht auch zürnt Zarathustra dem Genesenden, wenn er zärtlich nach seinem Wahne blickt und Mitternachts um das Grab seines Gottes schleicht: aber Krankheit und kranker Leib bleiben mir auch seine Thränen noch.
Vieles krankhafte Volk gab es immer unter Denen, welche dichten und gottsüchtig sind; wüthend hassen sie den Erkennenden und jene jüngste der Tugenden, welche heisst: Redlichkeit.
Rückwärts blicken sie immer nach dunklen Zeiten: da freilich war Wahn und Glaube ein ander Ding; Raserei der Vernunft war Gottähnlichkeit, und Zweifel Sünde.
Allzugut kenne ich diese Gottähnlichen: sie wollen, dass an sie geglaubt werde, und Zweifel Sünde sei. Allzugut weiss ich auch, woran sie selber am besten glauben.
Wahrlich nicht an Hinterwelten und erlösende Blutstropfen: sondern an den Leib glauben auch sie am besten, und ihr eigener Leib ist ihnen ihr Ding an sich.
Aber ein krankhaftes Ding ist er ihnen: und gerne möchten sie aus der Haut fahren. Darum horchen sie nach den Predigern des Todes und predigen selber Hinterwelten.
Hört mir lieber, meine Brüder, auf die Stimme des gesunden Leibes: eine redlichere und reinere Stimme ist diess.
Redlicher redet und reiner der gesunde Leib, der vollkommne und rechtwinklige: und er redet vom Sinn der Erde.
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von den Verächtern des Leibes.
Den Verächtern des Leibes will ich mein Wort sagen. Nicht umlernen und umlehren sollen sie mir, sondern nur ihrem eignen Leibe Lebewohl sagen — und also stumm werden.
„Leib bin ich und Seele“ — so redet das Kind. Und warum sollte man nicht wie die Kinder reden?
Aber der Erwachte, der Wissende sagt: Leib bin ich ganz und gar, und Nichts ausserdem; und Seele ist nur ein Wort für ein Etwas am Leibe.
Der Leib ist eine grosse Vernunft, eine Vielheit mit Einem Sinne, ein Krieg und ein Frieden, eine Heerde und ein Hirt.
Werkzeug deines Leibes ist auch deine kleine Vernunft, mein Bruder, die du „Geist“ nennst, ein kleines Werk- und Spielzeug deiner grossen Vernunft.
„Ich“ sagst du und bist stolz auf diess Wort. Aber das Grössere ist, woran du nicht glauben willst, — dein Leib und seine grosse Vernunft: die sagt nicht Ich, aber thut Ich.
Was der Sinn fühlt, was der Geist erkennt, das hat niemals in sich sein Ende. Aber Sinn und Geist möchten dich überreden, sie seien aller Dinge Ende: so eitel sind sie.
Werk- und Spielzeuge sind Sinn und Geist: hinter ihnen liegt noch das Selbst. Das Selbst sucht auch mit den Augen der Sinne, es horcht auch mit den Ohren des Geistes.
Immer horcht das Selbst und sucht: es vergleicht, bezwingt, erobert, zerstört. Es herrscht und ist auch des Ich's Beherrscher.
Hinter deinen Gedanken und Gefühlen, mein Bruder, steht ein mächtiger Gebieter, ein unbekannter Weiser — der heisst Selbst. In deinem Leibe wohnt er, dein Leib ist er.
Es ist mehr Vernunft in deinem Leibe, als in deiner besten Weisheit. Und wer weiss denn, wozu dein Leib gerade deine beste Weisheit nöthig hat?
Dein Selbst lacht über dein Ich und seine stolzen Sprünge. „Was sind mir diese Sprünge und Flüge des Gedankens? sagt es sich. Ein Umweg zu meinem Zwecke. Ich bin das Gängelband des Ich's und der Einbläser seiner Begriffe.“
Das Selbst sagt zum Ich: „hier fühle Schmerz!“ Und da leidet es und denkt nach, wie es nicht mehr leide — und dazu eben soll es denken.
Das Selbst sagt zum Ich: „hier fühle Lust!“ Da freut es sich und denkt nach, wie es noch oft sich freue — und dazu eben soll es denken.
Den Verächtern des Leibes will ich ein Wort sagen. Dass sie verachten, das macht ihr Achten. Was ist es, das Achten und Verachten und Werth und Willen schuf?
Das schaffende Selbst schuf sich Achten und Verachten, es schuf sich Lust und Weh. Der schaffende Leib schuf sich den Geist als eine Hand seines Willens.
Noch in eurer Thorheit und Verachtung, ihr Verächter des Leibes, dient ihr eurem Selbst. Ich sage euch: euer Selbst selber will sterben und kehrt sich vom Leben ab.
Nicht mehr vermag es das, was es am liebsten will: — über sich hinaus zu schaffen. Das will es am liebsten, das ist seine ganze Inbrunst.
Aber zu spät ward es ihm jetzt dafür: — so will euer Selbst untergehn, ihr Verächter des Leibes.
Untergehn will euer Selbst, und darum wurdet ihr zu Verächtern des Leibes! Denn nicht mehr vermögt ihr über euch hinaus zu schaffen.
Und darum zürnt ihr nun dem Leben und der Erde. Ein ungewusster Neid ist im scheelen Blick eurer Verachtung.
Ich gehe nicht euren Weg, ihr Verächter des Leibes! Ihr seid mir keine Brücken zum Übermenschen! —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von den Freuden- und Leidenschaften.
Mein Bruder, wenn du eine Tugend hast, und es deine Tugend ist, so hast du sie mit Niemandem gemeinsam.
Freilich, du willst sie bei Namen nennen und liebkosen; du willst sie am Ohre zupfen und Kurzweil mit ihr treiben.
Und siehe! Nun hast du ihren Namen mit dem Volke gemeinsam und bist Volk und Heerde geworden mit deiner Tugend!
Besser thätest du, zu sagen: „unaussprechbar ist und namenlos, was meiner Seele Qual und Süsse macht und auch noch der Hunger meiner Eingeweide ist.“
Deine Tugend sei zu hoch für die Vertraulichkeit der Namen: und musst du von ihr reden, so schäme dich nicht, von ihr zu stammeln.
So sprich und stammle: „Das ist mein Gutes, das liebe ich, so gefällt es mir ganz, so allein will ich das Gute.
Nicht will ich es als eines Gottes Gesetz, nicht will ich es als eine Menschen-Satzung und -Nothdurft: kein Wegweiser sei es mir für Über-Erden und Paradiese.
Eine irdische Tugend ist es, die ich liebe: wenig Klugheit ist darin und am wenigsten die Vernunft Aller.
Aber dieser Vogel baute bei mir sich das Nest: darum liebe und herze ich ihn, — nun sitzt er bei mir auf seinen goldnen Eiern.“
So sollst du stammeln und deine Tugend loben.
Einst hattest du Leidenschaften und nanntest sie böse. Aber jetzt hast du nur noch deine Tugenden: die wuchsen aus deinen Leidenschaften.
Du legtest dein höchstes Ziel diesen Leidenschaften an's Herz: da wurden sie deine Tugenden und Freudenschaften.
Und ob du aus dem Geschlechte der Jähzornigen wärest oder aus dem der Wollüstigen oder der Glaubens-Wüthigen oder der Rachsüchtigen:
Am Ende wurden alle deine Leidenschaften zu Tugenden und alle deine Teufel zu Engeln.
Einst hattest du wilde Hunde in deinem Keller: aber am Ende verwandelten sie sich zu Vögeln und lieblichen Sängerinnen.
Aus deinen Giften brautest du dir deinen Balsam; deine Kuh Trübsal melktest du, — nun trinkst du die süsse Milch ihres Euters.
Und nichts Böses wächst mehr fürderhin aus dir, es sei denn das Böse, das aus dem Kampfe deiner Tugenden wächst.
Mein Bruder, wenn du Glück hast, so hast du Eine Tugend und nicht mehr: so gehst du leichter über die Brücke.
Auszeichnend ist es, viele Tugenden zu haben, aber ein schweres Loos; und Mancher gieng in die Wüste und tödtete sich, weil er müde war, Schlacht und Schlachtfeld von Tugenden zu sein.
Mein Bruder, ist Krieg und Schlacht böse? Aber nothwendig ist diess Böse, nothwendig ist der Neid und das Misstrauen und die Verleumdung unter deinen Tugenden.
Siehe, wie jede deiner Tugenden begehrlich ist nach dem Höchsten: sie will deinen ganzen Geist, dass er ihr Herold sei, sie will deine ganze Kraft in Zorn, Hass und Liebe.
Eifersüchtig ist jede Tugend auf die andre, und ein furchtbares Ding ist Eifersucht. Auch Tugenden können an der Eifersucht zu Grunde gehn.
Wen die Flamme der Eifersucht umringt, der wendet zuletzt, gleich dem Scorpione, gegen sich selber den vergifteten Stachel.
Ach, mein Bruder, sahst du noch nie eine Tugend sich selber verleumden und erstechen?
Der Mensch ist Etwas, das überwunden werden muss: und darum sollst du deine Tugenden lieben, — denn du wirst an ihnen zu Grunde gehn. —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Vom bleichen Verbrecher.
Ihr wollt nicht tödten, ihr Richter und Opferer, bevor das Thier nicht genickt hat? Seht, der bleiche Verbrecher hat genickt: aus seinem Auge redet die grosse Verachtung.
„Mein Ich ist Etwas, das überwunden werden soll: mein Ich ist mir die grosse Verachtung des Menschen“: so redet es aus diesem Auge.
Dass er sich selber richtete, war sein höchster Augenblick: lasst den Erhabenen nicht wieder zurück in sein Niederes!
Es giebt keine Erlösung für Den, der so an sich selber leidet, es sei denn der schnelle Tod.
Euer Tödten, ihr Richter, soll ein Mitleid sein und keine Rache. Und indem ihr tödtet, seht zu, dass ihr selber das Leben rechtfertiget!
Es ist nicht genug, dass ihr euch mit Dem versöhnt, den ihr tödtet. Eure Traurigkeit sei Liebe zum Übermenschen: so rechtfertigt ihr euer Noch-Leben!
„Feind“ sollt ihr sagen, aber nicht „Bösewicht“; „Kranker“ sollt ihr sagen, aber nicht „Schuft“; „Thor“ sollt ihr sagen, aber nicht „Sünder“.
Und du, rother Richter, wenn du laut sagen wolltest, was du Alles schon in Gedanken gethan hast: so würde Jedermann schreien: „Weg mit diesem Unflath und Giftwurm!“
Aber ein Anderes ist der Gedanke, ein Anderes die That, ein Anderes das Bild der That. Das Rad des Grundes rollt nicht zwischen ihnen.
Ein Bild machte diesen bleichen Menschen bleich. Gleichwüchsig war er seiner That, als er sie that: aber ihr Bild ertrug er nicht, als sie gethan war.
Immer sah er sich nun als Einer That Thäter. Wahnsinn heisse ich diess: die Ausnahme verkehrte sich ihm zum Wesen.
Der Strich bannt die Henne; der Streich, den er führte, bannte seine arme Vernunft — den Wahnsinn nach der That heisse ich diess.
Hört, ihr Richter! Einen anderen Wahnsinn giebt es noch: und der ist vor der That. Ach, ihr krocht mir nicht tief genug in diese Seele!
So spricht der rothe Richter: „was mordete doch dieser Verbrecher? Er wollte rauben.“ Aber ich sage euch: seine Seele wollte Blut, nicht Raub: er dürstete nach dem Glück des Messers!
Seine arme Vernunft aber begriff diesen Wahnsinn nicht und überredete ihn. „Was liegt an Blut! sprach sie; willst du nicht zum mindesten einen Raub dabei machen? Eine Rache nehmen?“
Und er horchte auf seine arme Vernunft: wie Blei lag ihre Rede auf ihm, — da raubte er, als er mordete. Er wollte sich nicht seines Wahnsinns schämen.
Und nun wieder liegt das Blei seiner Schuld auf ihm, und wieder ist seine arme Vernunft so steif, so gelähmt, so schwer.
Wenn er nur den Kopf schütteln könnte, so würde seine Last herabrollen: aber wer schüttelt diesen Kopf?
Was ist dieser Mensch? Ein Haufen von Krankheiten, welche durch den Geist in die Welt hinausgreifen: da wollen sie ihre Beute machen.
Was ist dieser Mensch? Ein Knäuel wilder Schlangen, welche selten bei einander Ruhe haben, — da gehn sie für sich fort und suchen Beute in der Welt.
Seht diesen armen Leib! Was er litt und begehrte, das deutete sich diese arme Seele, — sie deutete es als mörderische Lust und Gier nach dem Glück des Messers.
Wer jetzt krank wird, den überfällt das Böse, das jetzt böse ist: wehe will er thun, mit dem, was ihm wehe thut. Aber es gab andre Zeiten und ein andres Böses und Gutes.
Einst war der Zweifel böse und der Wille zum Selbst. Damals wurde der Kranke zum Ketzer und zur Hexe: als Ketzer und Hexe litt er und wollte leiden machen.
Aber diess will nicht in eure Ohren: euren Guten schade es, sagt ihr mir. Aber was liegt mir an euren Guten!
Vieles an euren Guten macht mir Ekel, und wahrlich nicht ihr Böses. Wollte ich doch, sie hätten einen Wahnsinn, an dem sie zu Grunde giengen, gleich diesem bleichen Verbrecher!
Wahrlich, ich wollte, ihr Wahnsinn hiesse Wahrheit oder Treue oder Gerechtigkeit: aber sie haben ihre Tugend, um lange zu leben und in einem erbärmlichen Behagen.
Ich bin ein Geländer am Strome: fasse mich, wer mich fassen kann! Eure Krücke aber bin ich nicht. —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Vom Lesen und Schreiben.
Von allem Geschriebenen liebe ich nur Das, was Einer mit seinem Blute schreibt. Schreibe mit Blut: und du wirst erfahren, dass Blut Geist ist.
Es ist nicht leicht möglich, fremdes Blut zu verstehen: ich hasse die lesenden Müssiggänger.
Wer den Leser kennt, der thut Nichts mehr für den Leser. Noch ein Jahrhundert Leser — und der Geist selber wird stinken.
Dass Jedermann lesen lernen darf, verdirbt auf die Dauer nicht allein das Schreiben, sondern auch das Denken.
Einst war der Geist Gott, dann wurde er zum Menschen und jetzt wird er gar noch Pöbel.
Wer in Blut und Sprüchen schreibt, der will nicht gelesen, sondern auswendig gelernt werden.
Im Gebirge ist der nächste Weg von Gipfel zu Gipfel: aber dazu musst du lange Beine haben. Sprüche sollen Gipfel sein: und Die, zu denen gesprochen wird, Grosse und Hochwüchsige.
Die Luft dünn und rein, die Gefahr nahe und der Geist voll einer fröhlichen Bosheit: so passt es gut zu einander.
Ich will Kobolde um mich haben, denn ich bin muthig. Muth, der die Gespenster verscheucht, schafft sich selber Kobolde, — der Muth will lachen.
Ich empfinde nicht mehr mit euch: diese Wolke, die ich unter mir sehe, diese Schwärze und Schwere, über die ich lache, — gerade das ist eure Gewitterwolke.
Ihr seht nach Oben, wenn ihr nach Erhebung verlangt. Und ich sehe hinab, weil ich erhoben bin.
Wer von euch kann zugleich lachen und erhoben sein?
Wer auf den höchsten Bergen steigt, der lacht über alle Trauer-Spiele und Trauer-Ernste.
Muthig, unbekümmert, spöttisch, gewaltthätig — so will uns die Weisheit: sie ist ein Weib und liebt immer nur einen Kriegsmann.
Ihr sagt mir: „das Leben ist schwer zu tragen.“ Aber wozu hättet ihr Vormittags euren Stolz und Abends eure Ergebung?
Das Leben ist schwer zu tragen: aber so thut mir doch nicht so zärtlich! Wir sind allesammt hübsche lastbare Esel und Eselinnen.
Was haben wir gemein mit der Rosenknospe, welche zittert, weil ihr ein Tropfen Thau auf dem Leibe liegt?
Es ist wahr: wir lieben das Leben, nicht, weil wir an's Leben, sondern weil wir an's Lieben gewöhnt sind.
Es ist immer etwas Wahnsinn in der Liebe. Es ist aber immer auch etwas Vernunft im Wahnsinn.
Und auch mir, der ich dem Leben gut bin, scheinen Schmetterlinge und Seifenblasen und was ihrer Art unter Menschen ist, am meisten vom Glücke zu wissen.
Diese leichten thörichten zierlichen beweglichen Seelchen flattern zu sehen — das verführt Zarathustra zu Thränen und Liedern.
Ich würde nur an einen Gott glauben, der zu tanzen verstünde.
Und als ich meinen Teufel sah, da fand ich ihn ernst, gründlich, tief, feierlich: es war der Geist der Schwere, — durch ihn fallen alle Dinge.
Nicht durch Zorn, sondern durch Lachen tödtet man. Auf, lasst uns den Geist der Schwere tödten!
Ich habe gehen gelernt: seitdem lasse ich mich laufen. Ich habe fliegen gelernt: seitdem will ich nicht erst gestossen sein, um von der Stelle zu kommen.
Jetzt bin ich leicht, jetzt fliege ich, jetzt sehe ich mich unter mir, jetzt tanzt ein Gott durch mich.
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Vom Baum am Berge.
Zarathustra's Auge hatte gesehn, dass ein Jüngling ihm auswich. Und als er eines Abends allein durch die Berge gieng, welche die Stadt umschliessen, die genannt wird „die bunte Kuh“: siehe, da fand er im Gehen diesen Jüngling, wie er an einen Baum gelehnt sass und müden Blickes in das Thal schaute. Zarathustra fasste den Baum an, bei welchem der Jüngling sass, und sprach also:
Wenn ich diesen Baum da mit meinen Händen schütteln wollte, ich würde es nicht vermögen.
Aber der Wind, den wir nicht sehen, der quält und biegt ihn, wohin er will. Wir werden am schlimmsten von unsichtbaren Händen gebogen und gequält.
Da erhob sich der Jüngling bestürzt und sagte: „ich höre Zarathustra und eben dachte ich an ihn.“ Zarathustra entgegnete:
„Was erschrickst du desshalb? - Aber es ist mit dem Menschen wie mit dem Baume.
Je mehr er hinauf in die Höhe und Helle will, um so stärker streben seine Wurzeln erdwärts, abwärts, in's Dunkle, Tiefe, — in's Böse.“
„Ja in's Böse! rief der Jüngling. Wie ist es möglich, dass du meine Seele entdecktest?“
Zarathustra lächelte und sprach: „Manche Seele wird man nie entdecken, es sei denn, dass man sie zuerst erfindet.“
„Ja in's Böse! rief der Jüngling nochmals.
Du sagtest die Wahrheit, Zarathustra. Ich traue mir selber nicht mehr, seitdem ich in die Höhe will, und Niemand traut mir mehr, — wie geschieht diess doch?
Ich verwandele mich zu schnell: mein Heute widerlegt mein Gestern. Ich überspringe oft die Stufen, wenn ich steige, — das verzeiht mir keine Stufe.
Bin ich oben, so finde ich mich immer allein. Niemand redet mit mir, der Frost der Einsamkeit macht mich zittern. Was will ich doch in der Höhe?
Meine Verachtung und meine Sehnsucht wachsen mit einander; je höher ich steige, um so mehr verachte ich Den, der steigt. Was will er doch in der Höhe?
Wie schäme ich mich meines Steigens und Stolperns! Wie spotte ich meines heftigen Schnaubens! Wie hasse ich den Fliegenden! Wie müde bin ich in der Höhe!“
Hier schwieg der Jüngling. Und Zarathustra betrachtete den Baum, an dem sie standen und sprach also:
Dieser Baum steht einsam hier am Gebirge; er wuchs hoch hinweg über Mensch und Thier.
Und wenn er reden wollte, er würde Niemanden haben, der ihn verstünde: so hoch wuchs er.
Nun wartet er und wartet, — worauf wartet er doch? Er wohnt dem Sitze der Wolken zu nahe: er wartet wohl auf den ersten Blitz?
Als Zarathustra diess gesagt hatte, rief der Jüngling mit heftigen Gebärden: „Ja, Zarathustra, du sprichst die Wahrheit. Nach meinem Untergange verlangte ich, als ich in die Höhe wollte, und du bist der Blitz, auf den ich wartete! Siehe, was bin ich noch, seitdem du uns erschienen bist? Der Neid auf dich ist's, der mich zerstört hat!“ — So sprach der Jüngling und weinte bitterlich. Zarathustra aber legte seinen Arm um ihn und führte ihn mit sich fort.
Und als sie eine Weile mit einander gegangen waren, hob Zarathustra also an zu sprechen:
Es zerreisst mir das Herz. Besser als deine Worte es sagen, sagt mir dein Auge alle deine Gefahr.
Noch bist du nicht frei, du suchst noch nach Freiheit. Übernächtig machte dich dein Suchen und überwach.
In die freie Höhe willst du, nach Sternen dürstet deine Seele. Aber auch deine schlimmen Triebe dürsten nach Freiheit.
Deine wilden Hunde wollen in die Freiheit; sie bellen vor Lust in ihrem Keller, wenn dein Geist alle Gefängnisse zu lösen trachtet.
Noch bist du mir ein Gefangner, der sich Freiheit ersinnt: ach, klug wird solchen Gefangnen die Seele, aber auch arglistig und schlecht.
Reinigen muss sich noch der Befreite des Geistes. Viel Gefängniss und Moder ist noch in ihm zurück: rein muss noch sein Auge werden.
Ja, ich kenne deine Gefahr. Aber bei meiner Liebe und Hoffnung beschwöre ich dich: wirf deine Liebe und Hoffnung nicht weg!
Edel fühlst du dich noch, und edel fühlen dich auch die Andern noch, die dir gram sind und böse Blicke senden. Wisse, dass Allen ein Edler im Wege steht.
Auch den Guten steht ein Edler im Wege: und selbst wenn sie ihn einen Guten nennen, so wollen sie ihn damit bei Seite bringen.
Neues will der Edle schaffen und eine neue Tugend. Altes will der Gute, und dass Altes erhalten bleibe.
Aber nicht das ist die Gefahr des Edlen, dass er ein Guter werde, sondern ein Frecher, ein Höhnender, ein Vernichter.
Ach, ich kannte Edle, die verloren ihre höchste Hoffnung. Und nun verleumdeten sie alle hohen Hoffnungen.
Nun lebten sie frech in kurzen Lüsten, und über den Tag hin warfen sie kaum noch Ziele.
„Geist ist auch Wollust“ — so sagten sie. Da zerbrachen ihrem Geiste die Flügel: nun kriecht er herum und beschmutzt im Nagen.
Einst dachten sie Helden zu werden: Lüstlinge sind es jetzt. Ein Gram und ein Grauen ist ihnen der Held.
Aber bei meiner Liebe und Hoffnung beschwöre ich dich: wirf den Helden in deiner Seele nicht weg! Halte heilig deine höchste Hoffnung! —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von den Predigern des Todes.
Es giebt Prediger des Todes: und die Erde ist voll von Solchen, denen Abkehr gepredigt werden muss vom Leben.
Voll ist die Erde von Überflüssigen, verdorben ist das Leben durch die Viel-zu-Vielen. Möge man sie mit dem „ewigen Leben“ aus diesem Leben weglocken!
„Gelbe“: so nennt man die Prediger des Todes, oder „Schwarze“. Aber ich will sie euch noch in andern Farben zeigen.
Da sind die Fürchterlichen, welche in sich das Raubthier herumtragen und keine Wahl haben, es sei denn Lüste oder Selbstzerfleischung. Und auch ihre Lüste sind noch Selbstzerfleischung.
Sie sind noch nicht einmal Menschen geworden, diese Fürchterlichen: mögen sie Abkehr predigen vom Leben und selber dahinfahren!
Da sind die Schwindsüchtigen der Seele: kaum sind sie geboren, so fangen sie schon an zu sterben und sehnen sich nach Lehren der Müdigkeit und Entsagung.
Sie wollen gerne todt sein, und wir sollten ihren Willen gut heissen! Hüten wir uns, diese Todten zu erwecken und diese lebendigen Särge zu versehren!
Ihnen begegnet ein Kranker oder ein Greis oder ein Leichnam; und gleich sagen sie „das Leben ist widerlegt!“
Aber nur sie sind widerlegt und ihr Auge, welches nur das Eine Gesicht sieht am Dasein.
Eingehüllt in dicke Schwermuth und begierig auf die kleinen Zufälle, welche den Tod bringen: so warten sie und beissen die Zähne auf einander.
Oder aber: sie greifen nach Zuckerwerk und spotten ihrer Kinderei dabei: sie hängen an ihrem Strohhalm Leben und spotten, dass sie noch an einem Strohhalm hängen.
Ihre Weisheit lautet: „ein Thor, der leben bleibt, aber so sehr sind wir Thoren! Und das eben ist das Thörichtste am Leben!“ —
„Das Leben ist nur Leiden“ — so sagen Andre und lügen nicht: so sorgt doch, dass ihr aufhört! So sorgt doch, dass das Leben aufhört, welches nur Leiden ist!
Und also laute die Lehre eurer Tugend „du sollst dich selber tödten! Du sollst dich selber davonstehlen!“ —
„Wollust ist Sünde, — so sagen die Einen, welche den Tod predigen — lasst uns bei Seite gehn und keine Kinder zeugen!“
„Gebären ist mühsam, — sagen die Andern — wozu noch gebären? Man gebiert nur Unglückliche!“ Und auch sie sind Prediger des Todes.
„Mitleid thut noth — so sagen die Dritten. Nehmt hin, was ich habe! Nehmt hin, was ich bin! Um so weniger bindet mich das Leben!“
Wären sie Mitleidige von Grund aus, so würden sie ihren Nächsten das Leben verleiden. Böse sein — das wäre ihre rechte Güte.
Aber sie wollen loskommen vom Leben: was schiert es sie, dass sie Andre mit ihren Ketten und Geschenken noch fester binden! —
Und auch ihr, denen das Leben wilde Arbeit und Unruhe ist: seid ihr nicht sehr müde des Lebens? Seid ihr nicht sehr reif für die Predigt des Todes?
Ihr Alle, denen die wilde Arbeit lieb ist und das Schnelle, Neue, Fremde, — ihr ertragt euch schlecht, euer Fleiss ist Flucht und Wille, sich selber zu vergessen.
Wenn ihr mehr an das Leben glaubtet, würdet ihr weniger euch dem Augenblicke hinwerfen. Aber ihr habt zum Warten nicht Inhalt genug in euch — und selbst zur Faulheit nicht!
Überall ertönt die Stimme Derer, welche den Tod predigen: und die Erde ist voll von Solchen, welchen der Tod gepredigt werden muss.
Oder „das ewige Leben“: das gilt mir gleich, — wofern sie nur schnell dahinfahren!
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Vom Krieg und Kriegsvolke.
Von unsern besten Feinden wollen wir nicht geschont sein, und auch von Denen nicht, welche wir von Grund aus lieben. So lasst mich denn euch die Wahrheit sagen!
Meine Brüder im Kriege! Ich liebe euch von Grund aus, ich bin und war Euresgleichen. Und ich bin auch euer bester Feind. So lasst mich denn euch die Wahrheit sagen!
Ich weiss um den Hass und Neid eures Herzens. Ihr seid nicht gross genug, um Hass und Neid nicht zu kennen. So seid denn gross genug, euch ihrer nicht zu schämen!
Und wenn ihr nicht Heilige der Erkenntniss sein könnt, so seid mir wenigstens deren Kriegsmänner. Das sind die Gefährten und Vorläufer solcher Heiligkeit.
Ich sehe viel Soldaten: möchte ich viel Kriegsmänner sehn! „Ein-form“ nennt man's, was sie tragen: möge es nicht Ein-form sein, was sie damit verstecken!
Ihr sollt mir Solche sein, deren Auge immer nach einem Feinde sucht — nach eurem Feinde. Und bei Einigen von euch giebt es einen Hass auf den ersten Blick.
Euren Feind sollt ihr suchen, euren Krieg sollt ihr führen und für eure Gedanken! Und wenn euer Gedanke unterliegt, so soll eure Redlichkeit darüber noch Triumph rufen!
Ihr sollt den Frieden lieben als Mittel zu neuen Kriegen. Und den kurzen Frieden mehr, als den langen.
Euch rathe ich nicht zur Arbeit, sondern zum Kampfe. Euch rathe ich nicht zum Frieden, sondern zum Siege. Eure Arbeit sei ein Kampf, euer Friede sei ein Sieg!
Man kann nur schweigen und stillsitzen, wenn man Pfeil und Bogen hat: sonst schwätzt und zankt man. Euer Friede sei ein Sieg!
Ihr sagt, die gute Sache sei es, die sogar den Krieg heilige? Ich sage euch: der gute Krieg ist es, der jede Sache heiligt.
Der Krieg und der Muth haben mehr grosse Dinge gethan, als die Nächstenliebe. Nicht euer Mitleiden, sondern eure Tapferkeit rettete bisher die Verunglückten.
Was ist gut? fragt ihr. Tapfer sein ist gut. Lasst die kleinen Mädchen reden: „gut sein ist, was hübsch zugleich und rührend ist.“
Man nennt euch herzlos: aber euer Herz ist ächt, und ich liebe die Scham eurer Herzlichkeit. Ihr schämt euch eurer Fluth, und Andre schämen sich ihrer Ebbe.
Ihr seid hässlich? Nun wohlan, meine Brüder! So nehmt das Erhabne um euch, den Mantel des Hässlichen!
Und wenn eure Seele gross wird, so wird sie übermüthig, und in eurer Erhabenheit ist Bosheit. Ich kenne euch.
In der Bosheit begegnet sich der Übermüthige mit dem Schwächlinge. Aber sie missverstehen einander. Ich kenne euch.
Ihr dürft nur Feinde haben, die zu hassen sind, aber nicht Feinde zum Verachten. Ihr müsst stolz auf euern Feind sein: dann sind die Erfolge eures Feindes auch eure Erfolge.
Auflehnung — das ist die Vornehmheit am Sclaven. Eure Vornehmheit sei Gehorsam! Euer Befehlen selber sei ein Gehorchen!
Einem guten Kriegsmanne klingt „du sollst“ angenehmer, als „ich will“. Und Alles, was euch lieb ist, sollt ihr euch erst noch befehlen lassen.
Eure Liebe zum Leben sei Liebe zu eurer höchsten Hoffnung: und eure höchste Hoffnung sei der höchste Gedanke des Lebens!
Euren höchsten Gedanken aber sollt ihr euch von mir befehlen lassen — und er lautet: der Mensch ist Etwas, das überwunden werden soll.
So lebt euer Leben des Gehorsams und des Krieges! Was liegt am Lang-Leben! Welcher Krieger will geschont sein!
Ich schone euch nicht, ich liebe euch von Grund aus, meine Brüder im Kriege!
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Vom neuen Götzen.
Irgendwo giebt es noch Völker und Heerden, doch nicht bei uns, meine Brüder: da giebt es Staaten.
Staat? Was ist das? Wohlan! Jetzt thut mir die Ohren auf, denn jetzt sage ich euch mein Wort vom Tode der Völker.
Staat heisst das kälteste aller kalten Ungeheuer. Kalt lügt es auch; und diese Lüge kriecht aus seinem Munde: „Ich, der Staat, bin das Volk.“
Lüge ist's! Schaffende waren es, die schufen die Völker und hängten einen Glauben und eine Liebe über sie hin: also dienten sie dem Leben.
Vernichter sind es, die stellen Fallen auf für Viele und heissen sie Staat: sie hängen ein Schwert und hundert Begierden über sie hin.
Wo es noch Volk giebt, da versteht es den Staat nicht und hasst ihn als bösen Blick und Sünde an Sitten und Rechten.
Dieses Zeichen gebe ich euch: jedes Volk spricht seine Zunge des Guten und Bösen: die versteht der Nachbar nicht. Seine Sprache erfand es sich in Sitten und Rechten.
Aber der Staat lügt in allen Zungen des Guten und Bösen; und was er auch redet, er lügt — und was er auch hat, gestohlen hat er's.
Falsch ist Alles an ihm; mit gestohlenen Zähnen beisst er, der Bissige. Falsch sind selbst seine Eingeweide.
Sprachverwirrung des Guten und Bösen: dieses Zeichen gebe ich euch als Zeichen des Staates. Wahrlich, den Willen zum Tode deutet dieses Zeichen! Wahrlich, es winkt den Predigern des Todes!
Viel zu Viele werden geboren: für die Überflüssigen ward der Staat erfunden!
Seht mir doch, wie er sie an sich lockt, die Viel-zu-Vielen! Wie er sie schlingt und kaut und wiederkäut!
„Auf der Erde ist nichts Grösseres als ich: der ordnende Finger bin ich Gottes“ — also brüllt das Unthier. Und nicht nur Langgeohrte und Kurzgeäugte sinken auf die Kniee!
Ach, auch in euch, ihr grossen Seelen, raunt er seine düsteren Lügen! Ach, er erräth die reichen Herzen, die gerne sich verschwenden!
Ja, auch euch erräth er, ihr Besieger des alten Gottes! Müde wurdet ihr im Kampfe, und nun dient eure Müdigkeit noch dem neuen Götzen!
Helden und Ehrenhafte möchte er um sich aufstellen, der neue Götze! Gerne sonnt er sich im Sonnenschein guter Gewissen, — das kalte Unthier!
Alles will er euch geben, wenn ihr ihn anbetet, der neue Götze: also kauft er sich den Glanz eurer Tugend und den Blick eurer stolzen Augen.
Ködern will er mit euch die Viel-zu-Vielen! Ja, ein Höllenkunststück ward da erfunden, ein Pferd des Todes, klirrend im Putz göttlicher Ehren!
Ja, ein Sterben für Viele ward da erfunden, das sich selber als Leben preist: wahrlich, ein Herzensdienst allen Predigern des Todes!
Staat nenne ich's, wo Alle Gifttrinker sind, Gute und Schlimme: Staat, wo Alle sich selber verlieren, Gute und Schlimme: Staat, wo der langsame Selbstmord Aller — „das Leben“ heisst.
Seht mir doch diese Überflüssigen! Sie stehlen sich die Werke der Erfinder und die Schätze der Weisen: Bildung nennen sie ihren Diebstahl — und Alles wird ihnen zu Krankheit und Ungemach!
Seht mir doch diese Überflüssigen! Krank sind sie immer, sie erbrechen ihre Galle und nennen es Zeitung. Sie verschlingen einander und können sich nicht einmal verdauen.
Seht mir doch diese Überflüssigen! Reichthümer erwerben sie und werden ärmer damit. Macht wollen sie und zuerst das Brecheisen der Macht, viel Geld, — diese Unvermögenden!
Seht sie klettern, diese geschwinden Affen! Sie klettern über einander hinweg und zerren sich also in den Schlamm und die Tiefe.
Hin zum Throne wollen sie Alle: ihr Wahnsinn ist es, — als ob das Glück auf dem Throne sässe! Oft sitzt der Schlamm auf dem Thron — und oft auch der Thron auf dem Schlamme.
Wahnsinnige sind sie mir Alle und kletternde Affen und Überheisse. Übel riecht mir ihr Götze, das kalte Unthier: übel riechen sie mir alle zusammen, diese Götzendiener.
Meine Brüder, wollt ihr denn ersticken im Dunste ihrer Mäuler und Begierden! Lieber zerbrecht doch die Fenster und springt in's Freie!
Geht doch dem schlechten Geruche aus dem Wege! Geht fort von der Götzendienerei der Überflüssigen!
Geht doch dem schlechten Geruche aus dem Wege! Geht fort von dem Dampfe dieser Menschenopfer!
Frei steht grossen Seelen auch jetzt noch die Erde. Leer sind noch viele Sitze für Einsame und Zweisame, um die der Geruch stiller Meere weht.
Frei steht noch grossen Seelen ein freies Leben. Wahrlich, wer wenig besitzt, wird um so weniger besessen: gelobt sei die kleine Armuth!
Dort, wo der Staat aufhört, da beginnt erst der Mensch, der nicht überflüssig ist: da beginnt das Lied des Nothwendigen, die einmalige und unersetzliche Weise.
Dort, wo der Staat aufhört, — so seht mir doch hin, meine Brüder! Seht ihr ihn nicht, den Regenbogen und die Brücken des Übermenschen? —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von den Fliegen des Marktes.
Fliehe, mein Freund, in deine Einsamkeit! Ich sehe dich betäubt vom Lärme der grossen Männer und zerstochen von den Stacheln der kleinen.
Würdig wissen Wald und Fels mit dir zu schweigen. Gleiche wieder dem Baume, den du liebst, dem breitästigen: still und aufhorchend hängt er über dem Meere.
Wo die Einsamkeit aufhört, da beginnt der Markt; und wo der Markt beginnt, da beginnt auch der Lärm der grossen Schauspieler und das Geschwirr der giftigen Fliegen.
In der Welt taugen die besten Dinge noch Nichts, ohne Einen, der sie erst aufführt: grosse Männer heisst das Volk diese Aufführer.
Wenig begreift das Volk das Grosse, das ist: das Schaffende. Aber Sinne hat es für alle Aufführer und Schauspieler grosser Sachen.
Um die Erfinder von neuen Werthen dreht sich die Welt: — unsichtbar dreht sie sich. Doch um die Schauspieler dreht sich das Volk und der Ruhm: so ist es der Welt Lauf.
Geist hat der Schauspieler, doch wenig Gewissen des Geistes. Er glaubt immer an Das, womit er am stärksten glauben macht, — glauben an sich macht!
Morgen hat er einen neuen Glauben und übermorgen einen neueren. Rasche Sinne hat er, gleich dem Volke, und veränderliche Witterungen.
Umwerfen — das heisst ihm: beweisen. Toll machen — das heisst ihm: überzeugen. Und Blut gilt ihm als aller Gründe bester.
Eine Wahrheit, die nur in feine Ohren schlüpft, nennt er Lüge und Nichts. Wahrlich, er glaubt nur an Götter, die grossen Lärm in der Welt machen!
Voll von feierlichen Possenreissern ist der Markt — und das Volk rühmt sich seiner grossen Männer! das sind ihm die Herrn der Stunde.
Aber die Stunde drängt sie: so drängen sie dich: Und auch von dir wollen sie Ja oder Nein. Wehe, du willst zwischen Für und Wider deinen Stuhl setzen?
Dieser Unbedingten und Drängenden halber sei ohne Eifersucht, du Liebhaber der Wahrheit! Niemals noch hängte sich die Wahrheit an den Arm eines Unbedingten.
Dieser Plötzlichen halber gehe zurück in deine Sicherheit: nur auf dem Markt wird man mit Ja? oder Nein? überfallen.
Langsam ist das Erleben allen tiefen Brunnen: lange müssen sie warten, bis sie wissen, was in ihre Tiefe fiel.
Abseits vom Markte und Ruhme begiebt sich alles Grosse: abseits vom Markte und Ruhme wohnten von je die Erfinder neuer Werthe.
Fliehe, mein Freund, in deine Einsamkeit: ich sehe dich von giftigen Fliegen zerstochen. Fliehe dorthin, wo rauhe, starke Luft weht!
Fliehe in deine Einsamkeit! Du lebtest den Kleinen und Erbärmlichen zu nahe. Fliehe vor ihrer unsichtbaren Rache! Gegen dich sind sie Nichts als Rache.
Hebe nicht mehr den Arm gegen sie! Unzählbar sind sie, und es ist nicht dein Loos, Fliegenwedel zu sein.
Unzählbar sind diese Kleinen und Erbärmlichen; und manchem stolzen Baue gereichten schon Regentropfen und Unkraut zum Untergange.
Du bist kein Stein, aber schon wurdest du hohl von vielen Tropfen. Zerbrechen und zerbersten wirst du mir noch von vielen Tropfen.
Ermüdet sehe ich dich durch giftige Fliegen, blutig geritzt sehe ich dich an hundert Stellen; und dein Stolz will nicht einmal zürnen.
Blut möchten sie von dir in aller Unschuld, Blut begehren ihre blutlosen Seelen — und sie stechen daher in aller Unschuld.
Aber, du Tiefer, du leidest zu tief auch an kleinen Wunden; und ehe du dich noch geheilt hast, kroch dir der gleiche Giftwurm über die Hand.
Zu stolz bist du mir dafür, diese Naschhaften zu tödten. Hüte dich aber, dass es nicht dein Verhängniss werde, all ihr giftiges Unrecht zu tragen!
Sie summen um dich auch mit ihrem Lobe: Zudringlichkeit ist ihr Loben. Sie wollen die Nähe deiner Haut und deines Blutes.
Sie schmeicheln dir wie einem Gotte oder Teufel; sie winseln vor dir wie vor einem Gotte oder Teufel. Was macht es! Schmeichler sind es und Winsler und nicht mehr.
Auch geben sie sich dir oft als Liebenswürdige. Aber das war immer die Klugheit der Feigen. Ja, die Feigen sind klug!
Sie denken viel über dich mit ihrer engen Seele, — bedenklich bist du ihnen stets! Alles, was viel bedacht wird, wird bedenklich.
Sie bestrafen dich für alle deine Tugenden. Sie verzeihen dir von Grund aus nur — deine Fehlgriffe.
Weil du milde bist und gerechten Sinnes, sagst du: „unschuldig sind sie an ihrem kleinen Dasein.“ Aber ihre enge Seele denkt: „Schuld ist alles grosse Dasein.“
Auch wenn du ihnen milde bist, fühlen sie sich noch von dir verachtet; und sie geben dir deine Wohlthat zurück mit versteckten Wehthaten.
Dein wortloser Stolz geht immer wider ihren Geschmack; sie frohlocken, wenn du einmal bescheiden genug bist, eitel zu sein.
Das, was wir an einem Menschen erkennen, das entzünden wir an ihm auch. Also hüte dich vor den Kleinen!
Vor dir fühlen sie sich klein, und ihre Niedrigkeit glimmt und glüht gegen dich in unsichtbarer Rache.
Merktest du nicht, wie oft sie stumm wurden, wenn du zu ihnen tratest, und wie ihre Kraft von ihnen gieng wie der Rauch von einem erlöschenden Feuer?
Ja, mein Freund, das böse Gewissen bist du deinen Nächsten: denn sie sind deiner unwerth. Also hassen sie dich und möchten gerne an deinem Blute saugen.
Deine Nächsten werden immer giftige Fliegen sein; Das, was gross an dir ist, — das selber muss sie giftiger machen und immer fliegenhafter.
Fliehe, mein Freund, in deine Einsamkeit und dorthin, wo eine rauhe, starke Luft weht. Nicht ist es dein Loos, Fliegenwedel zu sein. —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von der Keuschheit.
Ich liebe den Wald. In den Städten ist schlecht zu leben: da giebt es zu Viele der Brünstigen.
Ist es nicht besser, in die Hände eines Mörders zu gerathen, als in die Träume eines brünstigen Weibes?
Und seht mir doch diese Männer an: ihr Auge sagt es — sie wissen nichts Besseres auf Erden, als bei einem Weibe zu liegen.
Schlamm ist auf dem Grunde ihrer Seele; und wehe, wenn ihr Schlamm gar noch Geist hat!
Dass ihr doch wenigstens als Thiere vollkommen wäret! Aber zum Thiere gehört die Unschuld.
Rathe ich euch, eure Sinne zu tödten? Ich rathe euch zur Unschuld der Sinne.
Rathe ich euch zur Keuschheit? Die Keuschheit ist bei Einigen eine Tugend, aber bei Vielen beinahe ein Laster.
Diese enthalten sich wohl: aber die Hündin Sinnlichkeit blickt mit Neid aus Allem, was sie thun.
Noch in die Höhen ihrer Tugend und bis in den kalten Geist hinein folgt ihnen diess Gethier und sein Unfrieden.
Und wie artig weiss die Hündin Sinnlichkeit um ein Stück Geist zu betteln, wenn ihr ein Stück Fleisch versagt wird!
Ihr liebt Trauerspiele und Alles, was das Herz zerbricht? Aber ich bin misstrauisch gegen eure Hündin.
Ihr habt mir zu grausame Augen und blickt lüstern nach Leidenden. Hat sich nicht nur eure Wollust verkleidet und heisst sich Mitleiden?
Und auch diess Gleichniss gebe ich euch: nicht Wenige, die ihren Teufel austreiben wollten, fuhren dabei selber in die Säue.
Wem die Keuschheit schwer fällt, dem ist sie zu widerrathen: dass sie nicht der Weg zur Hölle werde — das ist zu Schlamm und Brunst der Seele.
Rede ich von schmutzigen Dingen? Das ist mir nicht das Schlimmste.
Nicht, wenn die Wahrheit schmutzig ist, sondern wenn sie seicht ist, steigt der Erkennende ungern in ihr Wasser.
Wahrlich, es giebt Keusche von Grund aus: sie sind milder von Herzen, sie lachen lieber und reichlicher als ihr.
Sie lachen auch über die Keuschheit und fragen: „was ist Keuschheit!
„Ist Keuschheit nicht Thorheit? Aber diese Thorheit kam zu uns und nicht wir zu ihr.
„Wir boten diesem Gaste Herberge und Herz: nun wohnt er bei uns, — mag er bleiben, wie lange er will!“
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Vom Freunde.
„Einer ist immer zu viel um mich“ — also denkt der Einsiedler. „Immer Einmal Eins — das giebt auf die Dauer Zwei!“
Ich und Mich sind immer zu eifrig im Gespräche: wie wäre es auszuhalten, wenn es nicht einen Freund gäbe?
Immer ist für den Einsiedler der Freund der Dritte: der Dritte ist der Kork, der verhindert, dass das Gespräch der Zweie in die Tiefe sinkt.
Ach, es giebt zu viele Tiefen für alle Einsiedler. Darum sehnen sie sich so nach einem Freunde und nach seiner Höhe.
Unser Glaube an Andre verräth, worin wir gerne an uns selber glauben möchten. Unsre Sehnsucht nach einem Freunde ist unser Verräther.
Und oft will man mit der Liebe nur den Neid überspringen. Und oft greift man an und macht sich einen Feind, um zu verbergen, dass man angreifbar ist.
„Sei wenigstens mein Feind!“ — so spricht die wahre Ehrfurcht, die nicht um Freundschaft zu bitten wagt.
Will man einen Freund haben, so muss man auch für ihn Krieg führen wollen: und um Krieg zu führen, muss man Feind sein können.
Man soll in seinem Freunde noch den Feind ehren. Kannst du an deinen Freund dicht herantreten, ohne zu ihm überzutreten?
In seinem Freunde soll man seinen besten Feind haben. Du sollst ihm am nächsten mit dem Herzen sein, wenn du ihm widerstrebst.
Du willst vor deinem Freunde kein Kleid tragen? Es soll deines Freundes Ehre sein, dass du dich ihm giebst, wie du bist? Aber er wünscht dich darum zum Teufel!
Wer aus sich kein Hehl macht, empört: so sehr habt ihr Grund, die Nacktheit zu fürchten! Ja, wenn ihr Götter wäret, da dürftet ihr euch eurer Kleider schämen!
Du kannst dich für deinen Freund nicht schön genug putzen: denn du sollst ihm ein Pfeil und eine Sehnsucht nach dem Übermenschen sein.
Sahst du deinen Freund schon schlafen, — damit du erfahrest, wie er aussieht? Was ist doch sonst das Gesicht deines Freundes? Es ist dein eignes Gesicht, auf einem rauhen und unvollkommnen Spiegel.
Sahst du deinen Freund schon schlafen? Erschrakst du nicht, dass dein Freund so aussieht? Oh, mein Freund, der Mensch ist Etwas, das überwunden werden muss.
Im Errathen und Stillschweigen soll der Freund Meister sein: nicht Alles musst du sehn wollen. Dein Traum soll dir verrathen, was dein Freund im Wachen thut.
Ein Errathen sei dein Mitleiden: dass du erst wissest, ob dein Freund Mitleiden wolle. Vielleicht liebt er an dir das ungebrochne Auge und den Blick der Ewigkeit.
Das Mitleiden mit dem Freunde berge sich unter einer harten Schale, an ihm sollst du dir einen Zahn ausbeissen. So wird es seine Feinheit und Süsse haben.
Bist du reine Luft und Einsamkeit und Brod und Arznei deinem Freunde? Mancher kann seine eignen Ketten nicht lösen und doch ist er dem Freunde ein Erlöser.
Bist du ein Sclave? So kannst du nicht Freund sein. Bist du ein Tyrann? So kannst du nicht Freunde haben.
Allzulange war im Weibe ein Sclave und ein Tyrann versteckt. Desshalb ist das Weib noch nicht der Freundschaft fähig: es kennt nur die Liebe.
In der Liebe des Weibes ist Ungerechtigkeit und Blindheit gegen Alles, was es nicht liebt. Und auch in der wissenden Liebe des Weibes ist immer noch Überfall und Blitz und Nacht neben dem Lichte.
Noch ist das Weib nicht der Freundschaft fähig: Katzen sind immer noch die Weiber, und Vögel. Oder, besten Falles, Kühe.
Noch ist das Weib nicht der Freundschaft fähig. Aber sagt mir, ihr Männer, wer von euch ist denn fähig der Freundschaft?
Oh über eure Armuth, ihr Männer, und euren Geiz der Seele! Wie viel ihr dem Freunde gebt, das will ich noch meinem Feinde geben, und will auch nicht ärmer damit geworden sein.
Es giebt Kameradschaft: möge es Freundschaft geben!
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von tausend und Einem Ziele.
Viele Länder sah Zarathustra und viele Völker: so entdeckte er vieler Völker Gutes und Böses. Keine grössere Macht fand Zarathustra auf Erden, als gut und böse.
Leben könnte kein Volk, das nicht erst schätzte; will es sich aber erhalten, so darf es nicht schätzen, wie der Nachbar schätzt.
Vieles, das diesem Volke gut hiess, hiess einem andern Hohn und Schmach: also fand ich's. Vieles fand ich hier böse genannt und dort mit purpurnen Ehren geputzt.
Nie verstand ein Nachbar den andern: stets verwunderte sich seine Seele ob des Nachbarn Wahn und Bosheit.
Eine Tafel der Güter hängt über jedem Volke. Siehe, es ist seiner Überwindungen Tafel; siehe, es ist die Stimme seines Willens zur Macht.
Löblich ist, was ihm schwer gilt; was unerlässlich und schwer, heisst gut, und was aus der höchsten Noth noch befreit, das Seltene, Schwerste, — das preist es heilig.
Was da macht, dass es herrscht und siegt und glänzt, seinem Nachbarn zu Grauen und Neide: das gilt ihm das Hohe, das Erste, das Messende, der Sinn aller Dinge.
Wahrlich, mein Bruder, erkanntest du erst eines Volkes Noth und Land und Himmel und Nachbar: so erräthst du wohl das Gesetz seiner Überwindungen und warum es auf dieser Leiter zu seiner Hoffnung steigt.
„Immer sollst du der Erste sein und den Andern vorragen: Niemanden soll deine eifersüchtige Seele lieben, es sei denn den Freund“ — diess machte einem Griechen die Seele zittern: dabei gieng er seinen Pfad der Grösse.
„Wahrheit reden und gut mit Bogen und Pfeil verkehren“ — so dünkte es jenem Volke zugleich lieb und schwer, aus dem mein Name kommt — der Name, welcher mir zugleich lieb und schwer ist.
„Vater und Mutter ehren und bis in die Wurzel der Seele hinein ihnen zu Willen sein“: diese Tafel der Überwindung hängte ein andres Volk über sich auf und wurde mächtig und ewig damit.
„Treue üben und um der Treue Willen Ehre und Blut auch an böse und fährliche Sachen setzen“: also sich lehrend bezwang sich ein anderes Volk, und also sich bezwingend wurde es schwanger und schwer von grossen Hoffnungen.
Wahrlich, die Menschen gaben sich alles ihr Gutes und Böses. Wahrlich, sie nahmen es nicht, sie fanden es nicht, nicht fiel es ihnen als Stimme vom Himmel.
Werthe legte erst der Mensch in die Dinge, sich zu erhalten, — er schuf erst den Dingen Sinn, einen Menschen-Sinn! Darum nennt er sich „Mensch“, das ist: der Schätzende.
Schätzen ist Schaffen: hört es, ihr Schaffenden! Schätzen selber ist aller geschätzten Dinge Schatz und Kleinod.
Durch das Schätzen erst giebt es Werth: und ohne das Schätzen wäre die Nuss des Daseins hohl. Hört es, ihr Schaffenden!
Wandel der Werthe, — das ist Wandel der Schaffenden. Immer vernichtet, wer ein Schöpfer sein muss.
Schaffende waren erst Völker und spät erst Einzelne; wahrlich, der Einzelne selber ist noch die jüngste Schöpfung.
Völker hängten sich einst eine Tafel des Guten über sich. Liebe, die herrschen will, und Liebe, die gehorchen will, erschufen sich zusammen solche Tafeln.
Älter ist an der Heerde die Lust, als die Lust am Ich: und so lange das gute Gewissen Heerde heisst, sagt nur das schlechte Gewissen: Ich.
Wahrlich, das schlaue Ich, das lieblose, das seinen Nutzen im Nutzen Vieler will: das ist nicht der Heerde Ursprung, sondern ihr Untergang.
Liebende waren es stets und Schaffende, die schufen Gut und Böse. Feuer der Liebe glüht in aller Tugenden Namen und Feuer des Zorns.
Viele Länder sah Zarathustra und viele Völker: keine grössere Macht fand Zarathustra auf Erden, als die Werke der Liebenden: „gut“ und „böse“ ist ihr Name.
Wahrlich, ein Ungethüm ist die Macht dieses Lobens und Tadelns. Sagt, wer bezwingt es mir, ihr Brüder? Sagt, wer wirft diesem Thier die Fessel über die tausend Nacken?
Tausend Ziele gab es bisher, denn tausend Völker gab es. Nur die Fessel der tausend Nacken fehlt noch, es fehlt das Eine Ziel. Noch hat die Menschheit kein Ziel.
Aber sagt mir doch, meine Brüder: wenn der Menschheit das Ziel noch fehlt, fehlt da nicht auch — sie selber noch? —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von der Nächstenliebe.
Ihr drängt euch um den Nächsten und habt schöne Worte dafür. Aber ich sage euch: eure Nächstenliebe ist eure schlechte Liebe zu euch selber.
Ihr flüchtet zum Nächsten vor euch selber und möchtet euch daraus eine Tugend machen: aber ich durchschaue euer „Selbstloses“.
Das Du ist älter als das Ich; das Du ist heilig gesprochen, aber noch nicht das Ich: so drängt sich der Mensch hin zum Nächsten.
Rathe ich euch zur Nächstenliebe? Lieber noch rathe ich euch zur Nächsten-Flucht und zur Fernsten-Liebe!
Höher als die Liebe zum Nächsten ist die Liebe zum Fernsten und Künftigen; höher noch als die Liebe zu Menschen ist die Liebe zu Sachen und Gespenstern.
Diess Gespenst, das vor dir herläuft, mein Bruder, ist schöner als du; warum giebst du ihm nicht dein Fleisch und deine Knochen? Aber du fürchtest dich und läufst zu deinem Nächsten.
Ihr haltet es mit euch selber nicht aus und liebt euch nicht genug: nun wollt ihr den Nächsten zur Liebe verführen und euch mit seinem Irrthum vergolden.
Ich wollte, ihr hieltet es nicht aus mit allerlei Nächsten und deren Nachbarn; so müsstet ihr aus euch selber euren Freund und sein überwallendes Herz schaffen.
Ihr ladet euch einen Zeugen ein, wenn ihr von euch gut reden wollt; und wenn ihr ihn verführt habt, gut von euch zu denken, denkt ihr selber gut von euch.
Nicht nur Der lügt, welcher wider sein Wissen redet, sondern erst recht Der, welcher wider sein Nichtwissen redet. Und so redet ihr von euch im Verkehre und belügt mit euch den Nachbar.
Also spricht der Narr: „der Umgang mit Menschen verdirbt den Charakter, sonderlich wenn man keinen hat.“
Der Eine geht zum Nächsten, weil er sich sucht, und der Andre, weil er sich verlieren möchte. Eure schlechte Liebe zu euch selber macht euch aus der Einsamkeit ein Gefängniss.
Die Ferneren sind es, welche eure Liebe zum Nächsten bezahlen; und schon wenn ihr zu fünfen mit einander seid, muss immer ein sechster sterben.
Ich liebe auch eure Feste nicht: zu viel Schauspieler fand ich dabei, und auch die Zuschauer gebärdeten sich oft gleich Schauspielern.
Nicht den Nächsten lehre ich euch, sondern den Freund. Der Freund sei euch das Fest der Erde und ein Vorgefühl des Übermenschen.
Ich lehre euch den Freund und sein übervolles Herz. Aber man muss verstehn, ein Schwamm zu sein, wenn man von übervollen Herzen geliebt sein will.
Ich lehre euch den Freund, in dem die Welt fertig dasteht, eine Schale des Guten, — den schaffenden Freund, der immer eine fertige Welt zu verschenken hat.
Und wie ihm die Welt auseinander rollte, so rollt sie ihm wieder in Ringen zusammen, als das Werden des Guten durch das Böse, als das Werden der Zwecke aus dem Zufalle.
Die Zukunft und das Fernste sei dir die Ursache deines Heute: in deinem Freunde sollst du den Übermenschen als deine Ursache lieben.
Meine Brüder, zur Nächstenliebe rathe ich euch nicht: ich rathe euch zur Fernsten-Liebe.
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Vom Wege des Schaffenden.
Willst du, mein Bruder, in die Vereinsamung gehen? Willst du den Weg zu dir selber suchen? Zaudere noch ein Wenig und höre mich.
„Wer sucht, der geht leicht selber verloren. Alle Vereinsamung ist Schuld“: also spricht die Heerde. Und du gehörtest lange zur Heerde.
Die Stimme der Heerde wird auch in dir noch tönen. Und wenn du sagen wirst „ich habe nicht mehr Ein Gewissen mit euch“, so wird es eine Klage und ein Schmerz sein.
Siehe, diesen Schmerz selber gebar noch das Eine Gewissen: und dieses Gewissens letzter Schimmer glüht noch auf deiner Trübsal.
Aber du willst den Weg deiner Trübsal gehen, welches ist der Weg zu dir selber? So zeige mir dein Recht und deine Kraft dazu!
Bist du eine neue Kraft und ein neues Recht? Eine erste Bewegung? Ein aus sich rollendes Rad? Kannst du auch Sterne zwingen, dass sie um dich sich drehen?
Ach, es giebt so viel Lüsternheit nach Höhe! Es giebt so viel Krämpfe der Ehrgeizigen! Zeige mir, dass du keiner der Lüsternen und Ehrgeizigen bist!
Ach, es giebt so viel grosse Gedanken, die thun nicht mehr als ein Blasebalg: sie blasen auf und machen leerer.
Frei nennst du dich? Deinen herrschenden Gedanken will ich hören und nicht, dass du einem Joche entronnen bist.
Bist du ein Solcher, der einem Joche entrinnen durfte? Es giebt Manchen, der seinen letzten Werth wegwarf, als er seine Dienstbarkeit wegwarf.
Frei wovon? Was schiert das Zarathustra! Hell aber soll mir dein Auge künden: frei wozu?
Kannst du dir selber dein Böses und dein Gutes geben und deinen Willen über dich aufhängen wie ein Gesetz? Kannst du dir selber Richter sein und Rächer deines Gesetzes?
Furchtbar ist das Alleinsein mit dem Richter und Rächer des eignen Gesetzes. Also wird ein Stern hinausgeworfen in den öden Raum und in den eisigen Athem des Alleinseins.
Heute noch leidest du an den Vielen, du Einer: heute noch hast du deinen Muth ganz und deine Hoffnungen.
Aber einst wird dich die Einsamkeit müde machen, einst wird dein Stolz sich krümmen und dein Muth knirschen. Schreien wirst du einst „ich bin allein!“
Einst wirst du dein Hohes nicht mehr sehn und dein Niedriges allzunahe; dein Erhabnes selbst wird dich fürchten machen wie ein Gespenst. Schreien wirst du einst: „Alles ist falsch!“
Es giebt Gefühle, die den Einsamen tödten wollen; gelingt es ihnen nicht, nun, so müssen sie selber sterben! Aber vermagst du das, Mörder zu sein?
Kennst du, mein Bruder, schon das Wort „Verachtung“? Und die Qual deiner Gerechtigkeit, Solchen gerecht zu sein, die dich verachten?
Du zwingst Viele, über dich umzulernen; das rechnen sie dir hart an. Du kamst ihnen nahe und giengst doch vorüber: das verzeihen sie dir niemals.
Du gehst über sie hinaus: aber je höher du steigst, um so kleiner sieht dich das Auge des Neides. Am meisten aber wird der Fliegende gehasst.
„Wie wolltet ihr gegen mich gerecht sein! — musst du sprechen — ich erwähle mir eure Ungerechtigkeit als den mir zugemessnen Theil.“
Ungerechtigkeit und Schmutz werfen sie nach dem Einsamen: aber, mein Bruder, wenn du ein Stern sein willst, so musst du ihnen desshalb nicht weniger leuchten!
Und hüte dich vor den Guten und Gerechten! Sie kreuzigen gerne Die, welche sich ihre eigne Tugend erfinden, — sie hassen den Einsamen.
Hüte dich auch vor der heiligen Einfalt! Alles ist ihr unheilig, was nicht einfältig ist; sie spielt auch gerne mit dem Feuer — der Scheiterhaufen.
Und hüte dich auch vor den Anfällen deiner Liebe! Zu schnell streckt der Einsame Dem die Hand entgegen, der ihm begegnet.
Manchem Menschen darfst du nicht die Hand geben, sondern nur die Tatze: und ich will, dass deine Tatze auch Krallen habe.
Aber der schlimmste Feind, dem du begegnen kannst, wirst du immer dir selber sein; du selber lauerst dir auf in Höhlen und Wäldern.
Einsamer, du gehst den Weg zu dir selber! Und an dir selber führt dein Weg vorbei und an deinen sieben Teufeln!
Ketzer wirst du dir selber sein und Hexe und Wahrsager und Narr und Zweifler und Unheiliger und Bösewicht.
Verbrennen musst du dich wollen in deiner eignen Flamme: wie wolltest du neu werden, wenn du nicht erst Asche geworden bist!
Einsamer, du gehst den Weg des Schaffenden: einen Gott willst du dir schaffen aus deinen sieben Teufeln!
Einsamer, du gehst den Weg des Liebenden: dich selber liebst du und desshalb verachtest du dich, wie nur Liebende verachten.
Schaffen will der Liebende, weil er verachtet! Was weiss Der von Liebe, der nicht gerade verachten musste, was er liebte!
Mit deiner Liebe gehe in deine Vereinsamung und mit deinem Schaffen, mein Bruder; und spät erst wird die Gerechtigkeit dir nachhinken.
Mit meinen Thränen gehe in deine Vereinsamung, mein Bruder. Ich liebe Den, der über sich selber hinaus schaffen will und so zu Grunde geht. —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von alten und jungen Weiblein.
„Was schleichst du so scheu durch die Dämmerung, Zarathustra? Und was birgst du behutsam unter deinem Mantel?
„Ist es ein Schatz, der dir geschenkt? Oder ein Kind, das dir geboren wurde? Oder gehst du jetzt selber auf den Wegen der Diebe, du Freund der Bösen?“ —
Wahrlich, mein Bruder! sprach Zarathustra, es ist ein Schatz, der mir geschenkt wurde: eine kleine Wahrheit ist's, die ich trage.
Aber sie ist ungebärdig wie ein junges Kind; und wenn ich ihr nicht den Mund halte, so schreit sie überlaut.
Als ich heute allein meines Weges gieng, zur Stunde, wo die Sonne sinkt, begegnete mir ein altes Weiblein und redete also zu meiner Seele:
„Vieles sprach Zarathustra auch zu uns Weibern, doch nie sprach er uns über das Weib.“
Und ich entgegnete ihr: „über das Weib soll man nur zu Männern reden.“
„Rede auch zu mir vom Weibe, sprach sie; ich bin alt genug, um es gleich wieder zu vergessen.“
Und ich willfahrte dem alten Weiblein und sprach also zu ihm:
Alles am Weibe ist ein Räthsel, und Alles am Weibe hat Eine Lösung: sie heisst Schwangerschaft.
Der Mann ist für das Weib ein Mittel: der Zweck ist immer das Kind. Aber was ist das Weib für den Mann?
Zweierlei will der ächte Mann: Gefahr und Spiel. Desshalb will er das Weib, als das gefährlichste Spielzeug.
Der Mann soll zum Kriege erzogen werden und das Weib zur Erholung des Kriegers: alles Andre ist Thorheit.
Allzusüsse Früchte — die mag der Krieger nicht. Darum mag er das Weib; bitter ist auch noch das süsseste Weib.
Besser als ein Mann versteht das Weib die Kinder, aber der Mann ist kindlicher als das Weib.
Im ächten Manne ist ein Kind versteckt: das will spielen. Auf, ihr Frauen, so entdeckt mir doch das Kind im Manne!
Ein Spielzeug sei das Weib, rein und fein, dem Edelsteine gleich, bestrahlt von den Tugenden einer Welt, welche noch nicht da ist.
Der Strahl eines Sternes glänze in eurer Liebe! Eure Hoffnung heisse: „möge ich den Übermenschen gebären!“
In eurer Liebe sei Tapferkeit! Mit eurer Liebe sollt ihr auf Den losgehn, der euch Furcht einflösst!
In eurer Liebe sei eure Ehre! Wenig versteht sich sonst das Weib auf Ehre. Aber diess sei eure Ehre, immer mehr zu lieben, als ihr geliebt werdet, und nie die Zweiten zu sein.
Der Mann fürchte sich vor dem Weibe, wenn es liebt: da bringt es jedes Opfer, und jedes andre Ding gilt ihm ohne Werth.
Der Mann fürchte sich vor dem Weibe, wenn es hasst: denn der Mann ist im Grunde der Seele nur böse, das Weib aber ist dort schlecht.
Wen hasst das Weib am meisten? — Also sprach das Eisen zum Magneten: „ich hasse dich am meisten, weil du anziehst, aber nicht stark genug bist, an dich zu ziehen.“
Das Glück des Mannes heisst: ich will. Das Glück des Weibes heisst: er will.
„Siehe, jetzt eben ward die Welt vollkommen!“ — also denkt ein jedes Weib, wenn es aus ganzer Liebe gehorcht.
Und gehorchen muss das Weib und eine Tiefe finden zu seiner Oberfläche. Oberfläche ist des Weibes Gemüth, eine bewegliche stürmische Haut auf einem seichten Gewässer.
Des Mannes Gemüth aber ist tief, sein Strom rauscht in unterirdischen Höhlen: das Weib ahnt seine Kraft, aber begreift sie nicht. —
Da entgegnete mir das alte Weiblein: „Vieles Artige sagte Zarathustra und sonderlich für Die, welche jung genug dazu sind.
„Seltsam ist's, Zarathustra kennt wenig die Weiber, und doch hat er über sie Recht! Geschieht diess desshalb, weil beim Weibe kein Ding unmöglich ist?
„Und nun nimm zum Danke eine kleine Wahrheit! Bin ich doch alt genug für sie!
„Wickle sie ein und halte ihr den Mund: sonst schreit sie überlaut, diese kleine Wahrheit.“
„Gieb mir, Weib, deine kleine Wahrheit!“ sagte ich. Und also sprach das alte Weiblein:
„Du gehst zu Frauen? Vergiss die Peitsche nicht!“ —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Vom Biss der Natter.
Eines Tages war Zarathustra unter einem Feigenbaume eingeschlafen, da es heiss war, und hatte seine Arme über das Gesicht gelegt. Da kam eine Natter und biss ihn in den Hals, so dass Zarathustra vor Schmerz aufschrie. Als er den Arm vom Gesicht genommen hatte, sah er die Schlange an: da erkannte sie die Augen Zarathustra's, wand sich ungeschickt und wollte davon. „Nicht doch, sprach Zarathustra; noch nahmst du meinen Dank nicht an! Du wecktest mich zur Zeit, mein Weg ist noch lang.“ „Dein Weg ist noch kurz, sagte die Natter traurig; mein Gift tödtet.“ Zarathustra lächelte. „Wann starb wohl je ein Drache am Gift einer Schlange? — sagte er. Aber nimm dein Gift zurück! Du bist nicht reich genug, es mir zu schenken.“ Da fiel ihm die Natter von Neuem um den Hals und leckte ihm seine Wunde.
Als Zarathustra diess einmal seinen Jüngern erzählte, fragten sie: „Und was, oh Zarathustra, ist die Moral deiner Geschichte?“ Zarathustra antwortete darauf also:
Den Vernichter der Moral heissen mich die Guten und Gerechten: meine Geschichte ist unmoralisch.
So ihr aber einen Feind habt, so vergeltet ihm nicht Böses mit Gutem: denn das würde beschämen. Sondern beweist, dass er euch etwas Gutes angethan hat.
Und lieber zürnt noch, als dass ihr beschämt! Und wenn euch geflucht wird, so gefällt es mir nicht, dass ihr dann segnen wollt. Lieber ein Wenig mitfluchen!
Und geschah euch ein grosses Unrecht, so thut mir geschwind fünf kleine dazu! Grässlich ist Der anzusehn, den allein das Unrecht drückt.
Wusstet ihr diess schon? Getheiltes Unrecht ist halbes Recht. Und Der soll das Unrecht auf sich nehmen, der es tragen kann!
Eine kleine Rache ist menschlicher, als gar keine Rache. Und wenn die Strafe nicht auch ein Recht und eine Ehre ist für den Übertretenden, so mag ich auch euer Strafen nicht.
Vornehmer ist's, sich Unrecht zu geben als Recht zu behalten, sonderlich wenn man Recht hat. Nur muss man reich genug dazu sein.
Ich mag eure kalte Gerechtigkeit nicht; und aus dem Auge eurer Richter blickt mir immer der Henker und sein kaltes Eisen.
Sagt, wo findet sich die Gerechtigkeit, welche Liebe mit sehenden Augen ist?
So erfindet mir doch die Liebe, welche nicht nur alle Strafe, sondern auch alle Schuld trägt!
So erfindet mir doch die Gerechtigkeit, die Jeden freispricht, ausgenommen den Richtenden!
Wollt ihr auch diess noch hören? An Dem, der von Grund aus gerecht sein will, wird auch noch die Lüge zur Menschen-Freundlichkeit.
Aber wie wollte ich gerecht sein von Grund aus! Wie kann ich Jedem das Seine geben! Diess sei mir genug: ich gebe Jedem das Meine.
Endlich, meine Brüder, hütet euch Unrecht zu thun allen Einsiedlern! Wie könnte ein Einsiedler vergessen! Wie könnte er vergelten!
Wie ein tiefer Brunnen ist ein Einsiedler. Leicht ist es, einen Stein hineinzuwerfen; sank er aber bis zum Grunde, sagt, wer will ihn wieder hinausbringen?
Hütet euch, den Einsiedler zu beleidigen! Thatet ihr's aber, nun, so tödtet ihn auch noch!
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von Kind und Ehe.
Ich habe eine Frage für dich allein, mein Bruder: wie ein Senkblei werfe ich diese Frage in deine Seele, dass ich wisse, wie tief sie sei.
Du bist jung und wünschest dir Kind und Ehe. Aber ich frage dich: bist du ein Mensch, der ein Kind sich wünschen darf?
Bist du der Siegreiche, der Selbstbezwinger, der Gebieter der Sinne, der Herr deiner Tugenden? Also frage ich dich.
Oder redet aus deinem Wunsche das Thier und die Nothdurft? Oder Vereinsamung? Oder Unfriede mit dir?
Ich will, dass dein Sieg und deine Freiheit sich nach einem Kinde sehne. Lebendige Denkmale sollst du bauen deinem Siege und deiner Befreiung.
Über dich sollst du hinausbauen. Aber erst musst du mir selber gebaut sein, rechtwinklig an Leib und Seele.
Nicht nur fort sollst du dich pflanzen, sondern hinauf! Dazu helfe dir der Garten der Ehe!
Einen höheren Leib sollst du schaffen, eine erste Bewegung, ein aus sich rollendes Rad, — einen Schaffenden sollst du schaffen.
Ehe: so heisse ich den Willen zu Zweien, das Eine zu schaffen, das mehr ist, als die es schufen. Ehrfurcht vor einander nenne ich Ehe als vor den Wollenden eines solchen Willens.
Diess sei der Sinn und die Wahrheit deiner Ehe. Aber Das, was die Viel-zu-Vielen Ehe nennen, diese Überflüssigen, — ach, wie nenne ich das?
Ach, diese Armuth der Seele zu Zweien! Ach, dieser Schmutz der Seele zu Zweien! Ach, diess erbärmliche Behagen zu Zweien!
Ehe nennen sie diess Alles; und sie sagen, ihre Ehen seien im Himmel geschlossen.
Nun, ich mag ihn nicht, diesen Himmel der Überflüssigen! Nein, ich mag sie nicht, diese im himmlischen Netz verschlungenen Thiere!
Ferne bleibe mir auch der Gott, der heranhinkt, zu segnen, was er nicht zusammenfügte!
Lacht mir nicht über solche Ehen! Welches Kind hätte nicht Grund, über seine Eltern zu weinen?
Würdig schien mir dieser Mann und reif für den Sinn der Erde: aber als ich sein Weib sah, schien mir die Erde ein Haus für Unsinnige.
Ja, ich wollte, dass die Erde in Krämpfen bebte, wenn sich ein Heiliger und eine Gans mit einander paaren.
Dieser gieng wie ein Held auf Wahrheiten aus und endlich erbeutete er sich eine kleine geputzte Lüge. Seine Ehe nennt er's.
Jener war spröde im Verkehre und wählte wählerisch. Aber mit Einem Male verdarb er für alle Male seine Gesellschaft: seine Ehe nennt er's.
Jener suchte eine Magd mit den Tugenden eines Engels. Aber mit Einem Male wurde er die Magd eines Weibes, und nun thäte es Noth, dass er darüber noch zum Engel werde.
Sorgsam fand ich jetzt alle Käufer, und Alle haben listige Augen. Aber seine Frau kauft auch der Listigste noch im Sack.
Viele kurze Thorheiten — das heisst bei euch Liebe. Und eure Ehe macht vielen kurzen Thorheiten ein Ende, als Eine lange Dummheit.
Eure Liebe zum Weibe und des Weibes Liebe zum Manne: ach, möchte sie doch Mitleiden sein mit leidenden und verhüllten Göttern! Aber zumeist errathen zwei Thiere einander.
Aber auch noch eure beste Liebe ist nur ein verzücktes Gleichniss und eine schmerzhafte Gluth. Eine Fackel ist sie, die euch zu höheren Wegen leuchten soll.
Über euch hinaus sollt ihr einst lieben! So lernt erst lieben! Und darum musstet ihr den bittern Kelch eurer Liebe trinken.
Bitterniss ist im Kelch auch der besten Liebe: so macht sie Sehnsucht zum Übermenschen, so macht sie Durst dir, dem Schaffenden!
Durst dem Schaffenden, Pfeil und Sehnsucht dem Übermenschen: sprich, mein Bruder, ist diess dein Wille zur Ehe?
Heilig heisst mir solch ein Wille und solche Ehe. —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Vom freien Tode.
Viele sterben zu spät, und Einige sterben zu früh. Noch klingt fremd die Lehre: „stirb zur rechten Zeit!“
Stirb zur rechten Zeit: also lehrt es Zarathustra.
Freilich, wer nie zur rechten Zeit lebt, wie sollte der je zur rechten Zeit sterben? Möchte er doch nie geboren sein! — Also rathe ich den Überflüssigen.
Aber auch die Überflüssigen thun noch wichtig mit ihrem Sterben, und auch die hohlste Nuss will noch geknackt sein.
Wichtig nehmen Alle das Sterben: aber noch ist der Tod kein Fest. Noch erlernten die Menschen nicht, wie man die schönsten Feste weiht.
Den vollbringenden Tod zeige ich euch, der den Lebenden ein Stachel und ein Gelöbniss wird.
Seinen Tod stirbt der Vollbringende, siegreich, umringt von Hoffenden und Gelobenden.
Also sollte man sterben lernen; und es sollte kein Fest geben, wo ein solcher Sterbender nicht der Lebenden Schwüre weihte!
Also zu sterben ist das Beste; das Zweite aber ist: im Kampfe zu sterben und eine grosse Seele zu verschwenden.
Aber dem Kämpfenden gleich verhasst wie dem Sieger ist euer grinsender Tod, der heranschleicht wie ein Dieb — und doch als Herr kommt.
Meinen Tod lobe ich euch, den freien Tod, der mir kommt, weil ich will.
Und wann werde ich wollen? Wer ein Ziel hat und einen Erben, der will den Tod zur rechten Zeit für Ziel und Erben.
Und aus Ehrfurcht vor Ziel und Erben wird er keine dürren Kränze mehr im Heiligthum des Lebens aufhängen.
Wahrlich, nicht will ich den Seildrehern gleichen: sie ziehen ihren Faden in die Länge und gehen dabei selber immer rückwärts.
Mancher wird auch für seine Wahrheiten und Siege zu alt; ein zahnloser Mund hat nicht mehr das Recht zu jeder Wahrheit.
Und Jeder, der Ruhm haben will, muss sich bei Zeiten von der Ehre verabschieden und die schwere Kunst üben, zur rechten Zeit zu — gehn.
Man muss aufhören, sich essen zu lassen, wenn man am besten schmeckt: das wissen Die, welche lange geliebt werden wollen.
Saure Äpfel giebt es freilich, deren Loos will, dass sie bis auf den letzten Tag des Herbstes warten: und zugleich werden sie reif, gelb und runzelig.
Andern altert das Herz zuerst und Andern der Geist. Und Einige sind greis in der Jugend: aber spät jung erhält lang jung.
Manchem missräth das Leben: ein Giftwurm frisst sich ihm an's Herz. So möge er zusehn, dass ihm das Sterben um so mehr gerathe.
Mancher wird nie süss, er fault im Sommer schon. Feigheit ist es, die ihn an seinem Aste festhält.
Viel zu Viele leben und viel zu lange hängen sie an ihren Ästen. Möchte ein Sturm kommen, der all diess Faule und Wurmfressne vom Baume schüttelt!
Möchten Prediger kommen des schnellen Todes! Das wären mir die rechten Stürme und Schüttler an Lebensbäumen! Aber ich höre nur den langsamen Tod predigen und Geduld mit allem „Irdischen“.
Ach, ihr predigt Geduld mit dem Irdischen? Dieses Irdische ist es, das zu viel Geduld mit euch hat, ihr Lästermäuler!
Wahrlich, zu früh starb jener Hebräer, den die Prediger des langsamen Todes ehren: und Vielen ward es seitdem zum Verhängniss, dass er zu früh starb.
Noch kannte er nur Thränen und die Schwermuth des Hebräers, sammt dem Hasse der Guten und Gerechten, — der Hebräer Jesus: da überfiel ihn die Sehnsucht zum Tode.
Wäre er doch in der Wüste geblieben und ferne von den Guten und Gerechten! Vielleicht hätte er leben gelernt und die Erde lieben gelernt — und das Lachen dazu!
Glaubt es mir, meine Brüder! Er starb zu früh; er selber hätte seine Lehre widerrufen, wäre er bis zu meinem Alter gekommen! Edel genug war er zum Widerrufen!
Aber ungereift war er noch. Unreif liebt der Jüngling und unreif hasst er auch Mensch und Erde. Angebunden und schwer ist ihm noch Gemüth und Geistesflügel.
Aber im Manne ist mehr Kind als im Jünglinge, und weniger Schwermuth: besser versteht er sich auf Tod und Leben.
Frei zum Tode und frei im Tode, ein heiliger Nein-sager, wenn es nicht Zeit mehr ist zum Ja: also versteht er sich auf Tod und Leben.
Dass euer Sterben keine Lästerung sei auf Mensch und Erde, meine Freunde: das erbitte ich mir von dem Honig eurer Seele.
In eurem Sterben soll noch euer Geist und eure Tugend glühn, gleich einem Abendroth um die Erde: oder aber das Sterben ist euch schlecht gerathen.
Also will ich selber sterben, dass ihr Freunde um meinetwillen die Erde mehr liebt; und zur Erde will ich wieder werden, dass ich in Der Ruhe habe, die mich gebar.
Wahrlich, ein Ziel hatte Zarathustra, er warf seinen Ball: nun seid ihr Freunde meines Zieles Erbe, euch werfe ich den goldenen Ball zu.
Lieber als Alles sehe ich euch, meine Freunde, den goldenen Ball werfen! Und so verziehe ich noch ein Wenig auf Erden: verzeiht es mir!
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Von der schenkenden Tugend.
1 Als Zarathustra von der Stadt Abschied genommen hatte, welcher sein Herz zugethan war und deren Name lautet: „die bunte Kuh“ — folgten ihm Viele, die sich seine Jünger nannten und gaben ihm das Geleit. Also kamen sie an einen Kreuzweg: da sagte ihnen Zarathustra, dass er nunmehr allein gehen wolle; denn er war ein Freund des Alleingehens. Seine Jünger aber reichten ihm zum Abschiede einen Stab, an dessen goldnem Griffe sich eine Schlange um die Sonne ringelte. Zarathustra freute sich des Stabes und stützte sich darauf; dann sprach er also zu seinen Jüngern.
Sagt mir doch: wie kam Gold zum höchsten Werthe? Darum, dass es ungemein ist und unnützlich und leuchtend und mild im Glanze; es schenkt sich immer.
Nur als Abbild der höchsten Tugend kam Gold zum höchsten Werthe. Goldgleich leuchtet der Blick dem Schenkenden. Goldes-Glanz schliesst Friede zwischen Mond und Sonne.
Ungemein ist die höchste Tugend und unnützlich, leuchtend ist sie und mild im Glanze: eine schenkende Tugend ist die höchste Tugend.
Wahrlich, ich errathe euch wohl, meine Jünger: ihr trachtet, gleich mir, nach der schenkenden Tugend. Was hättet ihr mit Katzen und Wölfen gemeinsam?
Das ist euer Durst, selber zu Opfern und Geschenken zu werden: und darum habt ihr den Durst, alle Reichthümer in eure Seele zu häufen.
Unersättlich trachtet eure Seele nach Schätzen und Kleinodien, weil eure Tugend unersättlich ist im Verschenken-Wollen.
Ihr zwingt alle Dinge zu euch und in euch, dass sie aus eurem Borne zurückströmen sollen als die Gaben eurer Liebe.
Wahrlich, zum Räuber an allen Werthen muss solche schenkende Liebe werden; aber heil und heilig heisse ich diese Selbstsucht.
Eine andre Selbstsucht giebt es, eine allzuarme, eine hungernde, die immer stehlen will, jene Selbstsucht der Kranken, die kranke Selbstsucht.
Mit dem Auge des Diebes blickt sie auf alles Glänzende; mit der Gier des Hungers misst sie Den, der reich zu essen hat; und immer schleicht sie um den Tisch der Schenkenden.
Krankheit redet aus solcher Begierde und unsichtbare Entartung; von siechem Leibe redet die diebische Gier dieser Selbstsucht.
Sagt mir, meine Brüder: was gilt uns als Schlechtes und Schlechtestes? Ist es nicht Entartung? — Und auf Entartung rathen wir immer, wo die schenkende Seele fehlt.
Aufwärts geht unser Weg, von der Art hinüber zur Über-Art. Aber ein Grauen ist uns der entartende Sinn, welcher spricht: „Alles für mich.“
Aufwärts fliegt unser Sinn: so ist er ein Gleichniss unsres Leibes, einer Erhöhung Gleichniss. Solcher Erhöhungen Gleichnisse sind die Namen der Tugenden.
Also geht der Leib durch die Geschichte, ein Werdender und ein Kämpfender. Und der Geist — was ist er ihm? Seiner Kämpfe und Siege Herold, Genoss und Wiederhall.
Gleichnisse sind alle Namen von Gut und Böse: sie sprechen nicht aus, sie winken nur. Ein Thor, welcher von ihnen Wissen will!
Achtet mir, meine Brüder, auf jede Stunde, wo euer Geist in Gleichnissen reden will: da ist der Ursprung eurer Tugend.
Erhöht ist da euer Leib und auferstanden; mit seiner Wonne entzückt er den Geist, dass er Schöpfer wird und Schätzer und Liebender und aller Dinge Wohlthäter.
Wenn euer Herz breit und voll wallt, dem Strome gleich, ein Segen und eine Gefahr den Anwohnenden: da ist der Ursprung eurer Tugend.
Wenn ihr erhaben seid über Lob und Tadel, und euer Wille allen Dingen befehlen will, als eines Liebenden Wille: da ist der Ursprung eurer Tugend.
Wenn ihr das Angenehme verachtet und das weiche Bett, und von den Weichlichen euch nicht weit genug betten könnt: da ist der Ursprung eurer Tugend.
Wenn ihr Eines Willens Wollende seid, und diese Wende aller Noth euch Nothwendigkeit heisst: da ist der Ursprung eurer Tugend.
Wahrlich, ein neues Gutes und Böses ist sie! Wahrlich, ein neues tiefes Rauschen und eines neuen Quelles Stimme!
Macht ist sie, diese neue Tugend; ein herrschender Gedanke ist sie und um ihn eine kluge Seele: eine goldene Sonne und um sie die Schlange der Erkenntniss.
2 Hier schwieg Zarathustra eine Weile und sah mit Liebe auf seine Jünger. Dann fuhr er also fort zu reden: — und seine Stimme hatte sich verwandelt.
Bleibt mir der Erde treu, meine Brüder, mit der Macht eurer Tugend! Eure schenkende Liebe und eure Erkenntniss diene dem Sinn der Erde! Also bitte und beschwöre ich euch.
Lasst sie nicht davon fliegen vom Irdischen und mit den Flügeln gegen ewige Wände schlagen! Ach, es gab immer so viel verflogene Tugend!
Führt, gleich mir, die verflogene Tugend zur Erde zurück — ja, zurück zu Leib und Leben: dass sie der Erde ihren Sinn gebe, einen Menschen-Sinn!
Hundertfältig verflog und vergriff sich bisher so Geist wie Tugend. Ach, in unserm Leibe wohnt jetzt noch all dieser Wahn und Fehlgriff: Leib und Wille ist er da geworden.
Hundertfältig versuchte und verirrte sich bisher so Geist wie Tugend. Ja, ein Versuch war der Mensch. Ach, viel Unwissen und Irrthum ist an uns Leib geworden!
Nicht nur die Vernunft von Jahrtausenden — auch ihr Wahnsinn bricht an uns aus. Gefährlich ist es, Erbe zu sein.
Noch kämpfen wir Schritt um Schritt mit dem Riesen Zufall, und über der ganzen Menschheit waltete bisher noch der Unsinn, der Ohne-Sinn.
Euer Geist und eure Tugend diene dem Sinn der Erde, meine Brüder: und aller Dinge Werth werde neu von euch gesetzt! Darum sollt ihr Kämpfende sein! Darum sollt ihr Schaffende sein!
Wissend reinigt sich der Leib; mit Wissen versuchend erhöht er sich; dem Erkennenden heiligen sich alle Triebe; dem Erhöhten wird die Seele fröhlich.
Arzt, hilf dir selber: so hilfst du auch deinem Kranken noch. Das sei seine beste Hülfe, dass er Den mit Augen sehe, der sich selber heil macht.
Tausend Pfade giebt es, die nie noch gegangen sind; tausend Gesundheiten und verborgene Eilande des Lebens. Unerschöpft und unentdeckt ist immer noch Mensch und Menschen-Erde.
Wachet und horcht, ihr Einsamen! Von der Zukunft her kommen Winde mit heimlichem Flügelschlagen; und an feine Ohren ergeht gute Botschaft.
Ihr Einsamen von heute, ihr Ausscheidenden, ihr sollt einst ein Volk sein: aus euch, die ihr euch selber auswähltet, soll ein auserwähltes Volk erwachsen: — und aus ihm der Übermensch.
Wahrlich, eine Stätte der Genesung soll noch die Erde werden! Und schon liegt ein neuer Geruch um sie, ein Heil bringender, — und eine neue Hoffnung!
3 Als Zarathustra diese Worte gesagt hatte, schwieg er, wie Einer, der nicht sein letztes Wort gesagt hat; lange wog er den Stab zweifelnd in seiner Hand. Endlich sprach er also: — und seine Stimme hatte sich verwandelt.
Allein gehe ich nun, meine Jünger! Auch ihr geht nun davon und allein! So will ich es.
Wahrlich, ich rathe euch: geht fort von mir und wehrt euch gegen Zarathustra! Und besser noch: schämt euch seiner! Vielleicht betrog er euch.
Der Mensch der Erkenntniss muss nicht nur seine Feinde lieben, sondern auch seine Freunde hassen können.
Man vergilt einem Lehrer schlecht, wenn man immer nur der Schüler bleibt. Und warum wollt ihr nicht an meinem Kranze rupfen?
Ihr verehrt mich; aber wie, wenn eure Verehrung eines Tages umfällt? Hütet euch, dass euch nicht eine Bildsäule erschlage!
Ihr sagt, ihr glaubt an Zarathustra? Aber was liegt an Zarathustra! Ihr seid meine Gläubigen: aber was liegt an allen Gläubigen!
Ihr hattet euch noch nicht gesucht: da fandet ihr mich. So thun alle Gläubigen; darum ist es so wenig mit allem Glauben.
Nun heisse ich euch, mich verlieren und euch finden; und erst, wenn ihr mich Alle verleugnet habt, will ich euch wiederkehren.
Wahrlich, mit andern Augen, meine Brüder, werde ich mir dann meine Verlorenen suchen; mit einer anderen Liebe werde ich euch dann lieben.
Und einst noch sollt ihr mir Freunde geworden sein und Kinder Einer Hoffnung: dann will ich zum dritten Male bei euch sein, dass ich den grossen Mittag mit euch feiere.
Und das ist der grosse Mittag, da der Mensch auf der Mitte seiner Bahn steht zwischen Thier und Übermensch und seinen Weg zum Abende als seine höchste Hoffnung feiert: denn es ist der Weg zu einem neuen Morgen.
Alsda wird sich der Untergehende selber segnen, dass er ein Hinübergehender sei; und die Sonne seiner Erkenntniss wird ihm im Mittage stehn.
„Todt sind alle Götter: nun wollen wir, dass der Übermensch lebe.“ — diess sei einst am grossen Mittage unser letzter Wille! —
Also sprach Zarathustra.
Musean translation
Complete machine-assisted Musean translation, made directly from the German in a separate pass from the Plain English edition. German source: Deutsches Textarchiv, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, CC BY-SA 4.0; Schmeitzner 1883/1883/1884 and Naumann 1891. Print wrapping and markup normalized; source readings and extraction changes recorded in the source registry.
Zarathustra’s Discourses
On the Three Transformations
I name for you three transformations of the spirit: how the spirit becomes a camel, the camel a lion, and at last the lion a child.
There are many heavy burdens for the spirit, the strong, enduring spirit in which reverence dwells: its strength longs for the heavy and the heaviest.
“What is heavy?” asks the enduring spirit, kneeling like a camel and wishing to be well laden.
“What is heaviest, you heroes?” asks the enduring spirit. “Let me take it upon myself and rejoice in my strength.
“Is it not this: to humble oneself in order to wound one’s pride? To let one’s folly shine in order to mock one’s wisdom?
“Or this: to desert our cause when it celebrates its victory? To climb high mountains in order to tempt the tempter?
“Or this: to feed on the acorns and grass of knowledge, and suffer hunger in the soul for truth’s sake?
“Or this: to be ill and send the comforters away, and make friends with the deaf, who never hear what you want?
“Or this: to step into dirty water if it is the water of truth, and not drive away the cold frogs and hot toads?
“Or this: to love those who despise us, and offer the ghost a hand when it tries to frighten us?”
All these heaviest burdens the enduring spirit takes upon itself: like the camel hurrying laden into the desert, it hurries into its desert.
But in the loneliest desert the second transformation takes place: here the spirit becomes a lion; it means to seize freedom as its prey and be master in its own desert.
Here it seeks its last master: it means to become the enemy of that master and of its last God, and wrestle for victory with the great dragon.
What is the great dragon that the spirit no longer wishes to call master and God? “You must” is the great dragon’s name. But the lion’s spirit says, “I will.”
“You must” lies in its path, a scaled beast glittering with gold; and on every scale the golden words shine: “You must!”
Values a thousand years old gleam on those scales, and the mightiest of all dragons speaks: “All the value of things—it gleams upon me.”
“All value has already been created, and all created value—that is what I am. Truly, there must be no more ‘I will’!” Thus speaks the dragon.
My brothers, why is the lion needed in the spirit? Why is the burden-bearing animal, reverent and renouncing, not enough?
To create new values—even the lion cannot yet do that. But to create freedom for new creation—that the lion’s power can do.
To create freedom and a sacred No even before duty: for that, my brothers, the lion is needed.
To seize the right to new values—that is the most terrible seizure for an enduring and reverent spirit. Truly, to such a spirit it is robbery, the work of a beast of prey.
Once it loved “You must” as its holiest possession: now it must find delusion and caprice even in the holiest, in order to wrest freedom from its love. The lion is needed for this robbery.
But tell me, my brothers: what can the child do that even the lion could not? Why must the predatory lion become a child as well?
The child is innocence and forgetting, a new beginning, a game, a wheel rolling out of itself, a first movement, a sacred Yes.
Yes, for the game of creation, my brothers, a sacred Yes is needed: now the spirit wills its own will; the one lost to the world wins its own world.
I have named for you three transformations of the spirit: how the spirit became a camel, the camel a lion, and at last the lion a child.— —
Thus spoke Zarathustra. And at that time he was staying in the town called the Motley Cow.
On the Teaching Chairs of Virtue
People praised to Zarathustra a sage who knew how to speak well of sleep and virtue: for this he was greatly honored and rewarded, and all the young men sat before his teaching chair. Zarathustra went to him and sat before his chair with all the young men. And the sage spoke:
“Honor and modesty before sleep! That comes first! And keep out of the way of anyone who sleeps badly and stays awake at night!
“Even the thief is modest before sleep: he always steals softly through the night. But the night watchman is shameless; shamelessly he carries his horn.
“Sleeping is no small art: for its sake one must stay awake all day.
“Ten times a day you must overcome yourself: that brings a wholesome weariness and is the soul’s poppy.
“Ten times you must make peace with yourself again: for overcoming is bitter, and the unreconciled sleep badly.
“Ten truths a day you must find: otherwise you will still be searching for truth at night, and your soul will remain hungry.
“Ten times a day you must laugh and be cheerful: otherwise your stomach will disturb you at night, that father of melancholy.
“Few know this, but one must possess all the virtues to sleep well. Shall I bear false witness? Shall I commit adultery?
“Shall I covet my neighbor’s maidservant? None of that would sit well with sound sleep.
“And even if one possesses all the virtues, one must understand one more thing: how to send the virtues themselves to sleep at the proper time.
“So that those well-behaved little women do not quarrel with one another—and over you, you unfortunate man!
“Peace with God and one’s neighbor: sound sleep requires it. And peace with the neighbor’s devil as well! Otherwise he will haunt you at night.
“Honor and obedience to authority, even crooked authority! Sound sleep requires it. Is it my fault that power likes to walk on crooked legs?
“To me, the best shepherd will always be the one who leads his sheep to the greenest meadow: that agrees with sound sleep.
“I want neither many honors nor great treasures: they inflame the spleen. But one sleeps badly without a good name and a little treasure.
“A small gathering is more welcome to me than a bad one: but it must come and go at the proper time. That agrees with sound sleep.
“I am also very fond of the poor in spirit: they promote sleep. Blessed are they, especially if one always agrees with them.
“Thus the day passes for the virtuous. But when night comes, I take care not to summon sleep! Sleep does not want to be summoned: sleep is the master of the virtues!
“Instead, I think over what I have done and thought during the day. Chewing it over, patient as a cow, I ask myself: What were your ten overcomings?
“And what were the ten reconciliations, the ten truths, and the ten bursts of laughter with which my heart feasted?
“As I ponder these things, rocked by forty thoughts, sleep suddenly falls upon me, the unbidden one, the master of the virtues.
“Sleep taps upon my eye: it grows heavy. Sleep touches my mouth: it stays open.
“Truly, on soft soles it comes to me, the dearest of thieves, and steals my thoughts: I stand as stupid as this teaching chair.
“But I do not stand for long: already I am lying down.”—
Hearing the sage speak, Zarathustra laughed within his heart: for a light had dawned on him. And he said to his heart:
“To me this sage with his forty thoughts is a fool: but I believe he understands sleeping well.
“Happy, indeed, whoever lives near this sage! Such sleep is contagious: it spreads even through a thick wall.
“A spell dwells even in his teaching chair. And not in vain did the young men sit before this preacher of virtue.
“His wisdom means: stay awake in order to sleep well. And truly, if life had no meaning and I had to choose nonsense, this would be the nonsense most worth choosing, even for me.
“Now I see clearly what people once sought above all when they sought teachers of virtue. They sought sound sleep, and poppy-flowered virtues to go with it!
“For all these celebrated sages of the teaching chair, wisdom was dreamless sleep: they knew no better meaning of life.
“Even today, no doubt, there are some like this preacher of virtue, and not always so honest: but their time is over. They will not stand much longer: already they are lying down.
“Blessed are these sleepy ones: for soon they will nod off.”—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On Believers in Other Worlds
Once Zarathustra too cast his delusion beyond humanity, like all believers in other worlds. Then the world seemed to me the work of a suffering, tormented God.
Then the world seemed to me the dream and invention of a God: colored smoke before the eyes of a divinely dissatisfied being.
Good and evil, joy and suffering, I and you—colored smoke, I thought, before creative eyes. The creator wished to look away from himself—and so he created the world.
For the sufferer it is a drunken delight to look away from suffering and lose oneself. A drunken delight and a losing of oneself: that is what I once thought the world was.
This world, eternally imperfect, an image—and an imperfect image—of an eternal contradiction: a drunken delight for its imperfect creator. That is what I once thought the world was.
Thus I too once cast my delusion beyond humanity, like all believers in other worlds. Truly beyond humanity?
Ah, my brothers, this God I created was human handiwork and human madness, like all gods!
Human he was, and only a poor piece of human and I: this ghost came to me from my own ashes and fire, and truly it did not come to me from beyond!
What happened, my brothers? I overcame myself, the sufferer; I carried my own ashes into the mountains; I invented a brighter flame for myself. And look! The ghost withdrew from me!
Now, recovered, I would find suffering and torment in believing such ghosts: now it would mean suffering and humiliation. This is what I say to believers in other worlds.
Suffering and incapacity created all other worlds—and that brief madness of happiness known only to the deepest sufferer.
Weariness that wants to reach the ultimate in a single leap, a death leap; a poor, ignorant weariness that no longer even wants to want: that created all gods and other worlds.
Believe me, my brothers! It was the body that despaired of the body—that felt along the final walls with the fingers of a deluded spirit.
Believe me, my brothers! It was the body that despaired of the earth—that heard the belly of being speak to it.
And then it wanted to break headfirst through the final walls, and not with its head alone—across into “that world.”
But “that world” is well hidden from humanity, that dehumanized, inhuman world that is a heavenly nothing; and the belly of being does not speak to humanity at all, except as a human being.
Truly, all being is hard to prove and hard to make speak. Tell me, my brothers: is not the strangest of all things still the best proved?
Yes, this I, with its contradiction and confusion, still speaks most honestly of its being—this creating, willing, valuing I, which is the measure and value of things.
And this most honest being, the I, speaks of the body and still wants the body, even when it invents and raves and flutters with broken wings.
The I learns to speak ever more honestly: and the more it learns, the more words and honors it finds for body and earth.
My I taught me a new pride, which I teach humanity: no longer to bury one’s head in the sand of heavenly things, but to carry it freely, an earthly head that creates meaning for the earth!
I teach humanity a new will: to will this path that human beings have walked blindly, to call it good, and no longer creep aside from it like the sick and the dying!
The sick and the dying despised body and earth, and invented heavenly things and redeeming drops of blood: yet even these sweet and gloomy poisons they took from body and earth!
They wanted to escape their misery, and the stars were too far away. Then they sighed, “If only there were heavenly paths by which to slip into another being and happiness!” And so they invented their secret ways and little potions of blood!
They imagined themselves transported beyond their bodies and this earth, these ungrateful ones. Yet to what did they owe the convulsion and delight of their transport? To their bodies and this earth.
Zarathustra is gentle with the sick. Truly, he is not angry at their ways of finding comfort or showing ingratitude. May they become convalescents and overcomers, and create a higher body for themselves!
Nor is Zarathustra angry with the convalescent who looks tenderly back upon a delusion and steals at midnight around the grave of a God: but even those tears remain sickness and a sick body to me.
There have always been many sickly people among those who invent and crave God; they hate the knower furiously, and that youngest of virtues whose name is honesty.
They always look backward toward dark ages: then, of course, delusion and faith were another matter; the frenzy of reason was likeness to God, and doubt was sin.
I know these godlike people all too well: they want to be believed in, and doubt to be a sin. All too well I also know what they themselves believe in most.
Truly, not other worlds and redeeming drops of blood: they too believe most in the body, and their own body is their thing-in-itself.
But to them it is a sickly thing: they would gladly leap out of their skins. That is why they listen to the preachers of death, and preach other worlds themselves.
Listen instead, my brothers, to the voice of the healthy body: it is a more honest and a purer voice.
More honestly and purely speaks the healthy body, the perfect body, squarely built: and it speaks of the earth’s meaning.
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On Those Who Despise the Body
I will speak my word to those who despise the body. I do not ask them to learn anew or teach anew, but only to bid farewell to their own bodies—and thus fall silent.
“I am body and soul,” says the child. And why should one not speak like children?
But the awakened one, the knower, says: I am body through and through, and nothing besides; and soul is only a word for something about the body.
The body is a great reason, a multiplicity with one sense, a war and a peace, a herd and a shepherd.
Your little reason too, my brother, which you call “spirit,” is an instrument of your body, a little instrument and plaything of your great reason.
You say “I” and are proud of this word. But the greater thing, which you refuse to believe in, is your body and its great reason: it does not say I, but does I.
What the senses feel, what the spirit knows, never has its end within itself. Yet senses and spirit would persuade you that they are the end of all things: so vain are they.
Senses and spirit are instruments and playthings: behind them still lies the self. The self searches with the eyes of the senses too; it listens with the ears of the spirit too.
The self is always listening and searching: it compares, subdues, conquers, destroys. It rules, and is also the ruler of the I.
Behind your thoughts and feelings, my brother, stands a mighty ruler, an unknown sage—whose name is self. It dwells in your body; it is your body.
There is more reason in your body than in your finest wisdom. And who knows why your body needs precisely your finest wisdom?
Your self laughs at your I and its proud leaps. “What are these leaps and flights of thought to me?” it says to itself. “A detour toward my purpose. I am the I’s leading string and the prompter of its concepts.”
The self says to the I, “Feel pain here!” And the I suffers and thinks how to suffer no more—and that is precisely why it is supposed to think.
The self says to the I, “Feel pleasure here!” Then the I rejoices and thinks how to rejoice often again—and that is precisely why it is supposed to think.
I will say a word to those who despise the body. Their contempt is born of their esteem. What created esteem and contempt, value and will?
The creating self created esteem and contempt for itself; it created pleasure and pain for itself. The creating body created spirit for itself as a hand of its will.
Even in your folly and contempt, you despisers of the body, you serve your self. I tell you: your self itself wants to die and turns away from life.
It can no longer do what it most wants: create beyond itself. That is what it most wants; that is all its ardor.
But now it is too late for that—so your self wants to go under, you despisers of the body.
Your self wants to go under, and that is why you became despisers of the body! For you can no longer create beyond yourselves.
And that is why you are now angry with life and the earth. An unconscious envy lives in the sidelong glance of your contempt.
I do not follow your way, you despisers of the body! To me you are no bridges to the overhuman!—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On Passions of Joy and Suffering
My brother, if you have a virtue, and it is your virtue, then you share it with no one.
Of course you want to call it by name and caress it; you want to tug its ear and amuse yourself with it.
And look! Now you share its name with the people, and with your virtue you have become people and herd!
You would do better to say: “Unspeakable and nameless is what makes torment and sweetness for my soul, and is also the hunger of my entrails.”
Let your virtue be too high for the familiarity of names: and if you must speak of it, do not be ashamed to stammer.
Then speak and stammer: “This is my good; I love it; this way it pleases me entirely; this alone is how I will the good.
“I do not want it as a God’s law, nor as a human ordinance and necessity: let it be no signpost for me toward worlds above the earth and paradises.
“It is an earthly virtue that I love: there is little cleverness in it, and least of all the reason of everyone.
“But this bird built its nest with me: that is why I love and cherish it—now it sits with me upon its golden eggs.”
This is how you should stammer and praise your virtue.
Once you had passions and called them evil. But now you have only your virtues: they grew out of your passions.
You laid your highest goal upon the hearts of these passions: then they became your virtues and passions of joy.
And whether you came from the race of the quick-tempered, the lustful, the fanatically faithful, or the vengeful:
In the end all your passions became virtues, and all your devils angels.
Once you had wild dogs in your cellar: but in the end they changed into birds and lovely songstresses.
From your poisons you brewed your balm; you milked your cow, Melancholy—now you drink the sweet milk from her udder.
And henceforth nothing evil grows out of you, except the evil that grows from the struggle of your virtues.
My brother, if you are fortunate, you have one virtue and no more: then you cross the bridge more lightly.
To have many virtues is a distinction, but a heavy fate; and many have gone into the desert and killed themselves because they were weary of being the battle and battlefield of virtues.
My brother, are war and battle evil? Yet this evil is necessary; necessary are the envy and mistrust and slander among your virtues.
Look how each of your virtues desires the highest place: it wants your whole spirit as its herald; it wants all your strength in anger, hatred, and love.
Each virtue is jealous of the others, and jealousy is a terrible thing. Even virtues can perish of jealousy.
Whoever is encircled by jealousy’s flame turns at last, like the scorpion, the poisoned sting against themselves.
Ah, my brother, have you never seen a virtue slander and stab itself?
The human being is something that must be overcome: and that is why you should love your virtues—for through them you will perish.—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On the Pale Criminal
You judges and sacrificers will not kill before the animal has nodded? Look, the pale criminal has nodded: great contempt speaks from his eye.
“My I is something that must be overcome: my I is to me the great contempt for humanity.” That is what speaks from this eye.
His highest moment was when he judged himself: do not let the exalted one sink back into his lowliness!
There is no deliverance for one who suffers so from himself, except a swift death.
Let your killing, you judges, be pity and not revenge. And as you kill, take care that you yourselves justify life!
It is not enough to make peace with the one you kill. Let your sadness be love for the overhuman: thus you justify your continuing to live!
Say “enemy,” but not “villain”; say “sick,” but not “scoundrel”; say “fool,” but not “sinner.”
And you, red judge, if you wished to say aloud everything you have already done in thought, everyone would cry, “Away with this filth and poisonous worm!”
But thought is one thing, the deed another, and the image of the deed another still. The wheel of causation does not roll between them.
An image made this pale man pale. He was equal to his deed when he did it: but once it was done, he could not bear its image.
Now he always saw himself as the doer of one deed. I call this madness: the exception became his essence.
A line holds the hen spellbound; the stroke he struck held his poor reason spellbound—I call this madness after the deed.
Listen, you judges! There is another madness as well: the madness before the deed. Ah, you have not crawled deep enough into this soul!
The red judge says, “Why did this criminal murder? He wanted to rob.” But I tell you: his soul wanted blood, not robbery; he thirsted for the happiness of the knife!
But his poor reason did not understand this madness, and persuaded him. “What does blood matter?” it said. “Will you not at least commit a robbery along with it? Take revenge?”
And he listened to his poor reason: its words lay on him like lead—and so he robbed as he murdered. He did not want to be ashamed of his madness.
And now the lead of his guilt lies on him again, and again his poor reason is so rigid, so paralyzed, so heavy.
If only he could shake his head, his burden would roll away: but who will shake this head?
What is this man? A heap of diseases reaching out through the spirit into the world: there they mean to seize their prey.
What is this man? A tangle of wild serpents that rarely find peace together—so they go their separate ways and seek prey in the world.
Look at this poor body! What it suffered and desired, this poor soul interpreted for itself—as murderous pleasure and craving for the happiness of the knife.
Whoever falls sick now is assailed by the evil that is evil now: with what hurts him, he wants to hurt others. But there were other times, and another evil and good.
Once doubt was evil, and the will to selfhood. Then the sick person became a heretic or witch: as heretic and witch, the sufferer suffered and wanted to make others suffer.
But this will not enter your ears: it harms your good people, you tell me. Yet what do your good people matter to me?
Much in your good people disgusts me, and truly not their evil. If only they had a madness through which they perished, like this pale criminal!
Truly, I wish their madness were called truth or loyalty or justice: but they have their virtue in order to live long, in a pitiful contentment.
I am a railing beside the torrent: whoever can grasp me, let them grasp me! But I am not your crutch.—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On Reading and Writing
Of all that is written, I love only what someone writes with their blood. Write with blood, and you will discover that blood is spirit.
It is not easy to understand another’s blood: I hate idle readers.
Whoever knows the reader does nothing more for the reader. Another century of readers—and spirit itself will stink.
That everyone is allowed to learn to read will in the long run spoil not only writing, but thinking too.
Once spirit was God, then it became human, and now it is becoming rabble as well.
Whoever writes in blood and sayings wants not to be read, but to be learned by heart.
In the mountains the shortest way is from summit to summit: but for that you must have long legs. Let sayings be summits, and those addressed be great and tall.
The air thin and pure, danger close, and the spirit filled with cheerful malice: these things go well together.
I want goblins around me, for I am courageous. Courage that drives ghosts away creates goblins for itself—courage wants to laugh.
I no longer feel with you: this cloud I see beneath me, this blackness and heaviness I laugh at—that is your thundercloud.
You look upward when you long to be uplifted. And I look down, because I am uplifted.
Which of you can laugh and be uplifted at once?
Whoever climbs the highest mountains laughs at all tragic plays and tragic solemnity.
Courageous, carefree, mocking, violent—that is how wisdom wants us: she is a woman and always loves only a warrior.
You tell me, “Life is hard to bear.” But why else would you have your pride in the morning and your submission in the evening?
Life is hard to bear: then stop acting so delicately! We are all fine burden-bearing donkeys, male and female.
What have we in common with the rosebud that trembles because a drop of dew lies upon its body?
It is true: we love life, not because we are accustomed to life, but because we are accustomed to loving.
There is always some madness in love. But there is always some reason in madness too.
And to me too, who am well disposed toward life, butterflies and soap bubbles, and their kind among human beings, seem to know most about happiness.
To see these light, foolish, delicate, nimble little souls fluttering—that tempts Zarathustra to tears and songs.
I would believe only in a God who knew how to dance.
And when I saw my devil, I found him earnest, thorough, deep, solemn: he was the spirit of gravity—through him all things fall.
One kills not with anger, but with laughter. Come, let us kill the spirit of gravity!
I have learned to walk: since then I let myself run. I have learned to fly: since then I need no push to set me moving.
Now I am light; now I fly; now I see myself beneath myself; now a God dances through me.
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On the Tree on the Mountain
Zarathustra had noticed a young man avoiding him. One evening, walking alone through the mountains surrounding the town called the Motley Cow, he found this young man seated against a tree, gazing wearily into the valley. Zarathustra took hold of the tree beside him and spoke:
“If I wanted to shake this tree with my hands, I could not do it.
“But the wind we cannot see torments and bends it wherever it will. Invisible hands bend and torment us most cruelly.”
Then the young man rose in alarm and said, “I hear Zarathustra, and I was just thinking of him.” Zarathustra replied:
“Why should that frighten you? But the human being is like the tree.
“The more it wants to rise into height and light, the more strongly its roots strive earthward, downward, into darkness, depth—into evil.”
“Yes, into evil!” cried the young man. “How is it possible that you have discovered my soul?”
Zarathustra smiled and said, “Some souls will never be discovered unless one first invents them.”
“Yes, into evil!” the young man cried again.
“You spoke the truth, Zarathustra. Since I began wanting to rise, I no longer trust myself, and no one trusts me anymore—how does this happen?
“I change too quickly: my today refutes my yesterday. I often leap over steps as I climb—and no step forgives me.
“When I reach the heights, I always find myself alone. No one speaks to me; the frost of solitude makes me tremble. What do I want in the heights?
“My contempt and my longing grow together; the higher I climb, the more I despise the climber. What does he want in the heights?
“How ashamed I am of my climbing and stumbling! How I mock my labored panting! How I hate the one who flies! How weary I am in the heights!”
Here the young man fell silent. And Zarathustra contemplated the tree beside them and spoke:
“This tree stands solitary here on the mountainside; it has grown high above human and animal.
“And if it wished to speak, it would have no one who understood it: so high it has grown.
“Now it waits and waits—what is it waiting for? It dwells too near the clouds’ seat: perhaps it waits for the first lightning?”
When Zarathustra had said this, the young man cried with vehement gestures, “Yes, Zarathustra, you speak the truth. I longed for my going-under when I wished to rise, and you are the lightning I awaited! Look, what remains of me since you appeared among us? It is envy of you that has destroyed me!” So spoke the young man, weeping bitterly. But Zarathustra put his arm around him and led him away.
And after they had walked together for a while, Zarathustra began to speak:
“It tears my heart. Your eye tells me all your danger more clearly than your words.
“You are not yet free; you are still seeking freedom. Your seeking has left you sleepless and over-wakeful.
“You long for the free heights; your soul thirsts for stars. But your bad drives thirst for freedom too.
“Your wild dogs want freedom; they bark for joy in their cellar when your spirit strives to unlock every prison.
“To me you are still a prisoner imagining freedom: ah, the soul of such prisoners grows clever, but also cunning and bad.
“The liberated spirit must still purify itself. Much prison and mold remain within it: its eye must still become pure.
“Yes, I know your danger. But by my love and hope I implore you: do not throw away your love and hope!
“You still feel noble, and the others still sense your nobility too, even those who resent you and send you evil looks. Know that a noble person stands in everyone’s way.
“A noble person stands in the way of the good as well: even when they call him good, they mean to put him aside with that name.
“The noble person wants to create new things and a new virtue. The good person wants the old, and wants the old preserved.
“But the noble person’s danger is not to become good, but to become insolent, a mocker, a destroyer.
“Ah, I knew noble people who lost their highest hope. And then they slandered every high hope.
“Now they lived insolently in fleeting pleasures, scarcely casting a goal beyond the day.
“‘Spirit is sensual pleasure too,’ they said. Then their spirit’s wings broke: now it crawls about and soils things by gnawing.
“Once they thought to become heroes: now they are sensualists. The hero is a grief and a horror to them.
“But by my love and hope I implore you: do not cast away the hero in your soul! Hold your highest hope sacred!”—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On the Preachers of Death
There are preachers of death: and the earth is full of those to whom turning away from life must be preached.
The earth is full of the superfluous; life is spoiled by the all-too-many. May they be lured out of this life with “eternal life”!
“Yellow ones,” people call the preachers of death, or “black ones.” But I will show them to you in other colors as well.
There are the terrible ones, who carry the beast of prey within them and have no choice except pleasures or self-laceration. And even their pleasures are self-laceration.
These terrible ones have not even become human yet: let them preach turning away from life, and pass away themselves!
There are the consumptives of the soul: scarcely born, they already begin to die and long for teachings of weariness and renunciation.
They want to be dead, and we should approve their will! Let us beware of waking these dead and injuring these living coffins!
They encounter a sick person, an old man, or a corpse, and immediately say, “Life is refuted!”
But only they are refuted, and their eye, which sees only this one face of existence.
Wrapped in thick melancholy, eager for the little accidents that bring death, they wait and clench their teeth.
Or else they reach for sweetmeats and mock their own childishness: they cling to their straw of life and mock themselves for still clinging to a straw.
Their wisdom says, “A fool, anyone who stays alive—but such fools are we! And that is precisely the most foolish thing about life!”—
“Life is only suffering,” say others, and do not lie: then see to it that you cease! See to it that life ceases, life that is only suffering!
And let the teaching of your virtue say, “You must kill yourself! You must steal yourself away!”—
“Lust is sin,” say some who preach death. “Let us step aside and beget no children!”
“Giving birth is arduous,” say others. “Why give birth at all? One gives birth only to the unhappy!” They too are preachers of death.
“Pity is needed,” say a third group. “Take what I have! Take what I am! So much less will life bind me!”
If they were compassionate to the core, they would make their neighbors weary of life. To be evil—that would be their true goodness.
But they want to escape life: what do they care if they bind others still more firmly with their chains and gifts!—
And you too, to whom life is frantic labor and unrest: are you not very weary of life? Are you not very ripe for the preaching of death?
All of you who love frantic labor and whatever is fast, new, strange—you bear yourselves poorly; your diligence is flight and a will to forget yourselves.
If you believed more in life, you would fling yourselves less into the moment. But you have too little substance within you to wait—or even to be idle!
Everywhere the voice of those who preach death resounds: and the earth is full of those to whom death must be preached.
Or “eternal life”: it is all the same to me—if only they pass away quickly!
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On War and Warriors
We do not wish to be spared by our best enemies, nor by those we love to the core. Then let me tell you the truth!
My brothers in war! I love you to the core; I am and have been one of you. And I am also your best enemy. Then let me tell you the truth!
I know the hatred and envy in your hearts. You are not great enough to know neither hatred nor envy. Then be great enough not to be ashamed of them!
And if you cannot be saints of knowledge, at least be its warriors. They are the companions and forerunners of such sainthood.
I see many soldiers: if only I saw many warriors! What they wear is called “uniform”: may what they hide beneath it not be uniform!
Be people whose eyes are always searching for an enemy—for your enemy. And in some of you there is hatred at first sight.
Seek your enemy, wage your war—and for your thoughts! And if your thought is defeated, let your honesty still cry triumph over that defeat!
Love peace as a means to new wars. And love a short peace more than a long one.
I counsel you not to work, but to struggle. I counsel you not to peace, but to victory. Let your work be a struggle, your peace a victory!
One can remain silent and sit still only when one has bow and arrow: otherwise one chatters and quarrels. Let your peace be a victory!
You say it is the good cause that sanctifies even war? I tell you: it is the good war that sanctifies every cause.
War and courage have done more great things than love of one’s neighbor. Not your pity, but your bravery has saved the unfortunate until now.
“What is good?” you ask. Being brave is good. Let the little girls say, “Being good is whatever is pretty and touching at once.”
People call you heartless: but your heart is genuine, and I love the modesty of your warmth. You are ashamed of your flood, while others are ashamed of their ebb.
Are you ugly? Well then, my brothers! Wrap the sublime around you, the cloak of the ugly!
And when your soul grows great, it grows high-spirited, and there is malice in your sublimity. I know you.
In malice the high-spirited meet the weakling. But they misunderstand one another. I know you.
You may have enemies to hate, but not enemies to despise. You must be proud of your enemy: then your enemy’s successes are your successes too.
Rebellion—that is the slave’s nobility. Let your nobility be obedience! Let your commanding itself be an obeying!
To a good warrior, “You must” sounds sweeter than “I will.” And let everything you love first be commanded to you.
Let your love of life be love for your highest hope: and let your highest hope be life’s highest thought!
But let me command your highest thought to you—and it says: the human being is something that must be overcome.
So live your life of obedience and war! What does long life matter? What warrior wants to be spared?
I do not spare you; I love you to the core, my brothers in war!
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On the New Idol
Somewhere there are still peoples and herds, but not among us, my brothers: here there are states.
State? What is that? Come, open your ears now, for now I will speak my word to you about the death of peoples.
The state is the name of the coldest of all cold monsters. Coldly it lies as well; and this lie crawls from its mouth: “I, the state, am the people.”
It is a lie! Creators created peoples and hung a faith and a love above them: thus they served life.
Destroyers set traps for the many and call them a state: they hang a sword and a hundred desires above them.
Where a people still exists, it does not understand the state and hates it as an evil eye and a sin against customs and rights.
I give you this sign: every people speaks its own tongue of good and evil, which its neighbor does not understand. It invented its language for itself in customs and rights.
But the state lies in every tongue of good and evil; whatever it says, it lies—and whatever it has, it has stolen.
Everything about it is false; with stolen teeth it bites, the biting beast. Even its entrails are false.
Confusion of the tongues of good and evil: this is the sign I give you as the sign of the state. Truly, this sign signifies the will to death! Truly, it beckons to the preachers of death!
Far too many are born: the state was invented for the superfluous!
Just look how it lures them to itself, the all-too-many! How it swallows them and chews and chews them over!
“On earth there is nothing greater than I: I am God’s ordering finger,” roars the monster. And not only the long-eared and shortsighted sink to their knees!
Ah, into you too, great souls, it murmurs its gloomy lies! Ah, it divines the rich hearts that gladly squander themselves!
Yes, it divines you too, conquerors of the old God! You grew weary in battle, and now your weariness serves the new idol as well!
Heroes and honorable people—the new idol wants to array them around itself! The cold monster gladly suns itself in the sunshine of good consciences!
It wants to give you everything, the new idol, if you worship it: thus it buys the radiance of your virtue and the look of your proud eyes.
With you it wants to bait a trap for the all-too-many! Yes, a hellish trick was invented here, a horse of death clattering in the finery of divine honors!
Yes, here a dying for many was invented, which praises itself as life: truly, a heartfelt service to all preachers of death!
I call it state where everyone drinks poison, good and bad alike; state, where everyone loses themselves, good and bad alike; state, where the slow suicide of everyone is called “life.”
Just look at these superfluous people! They steal the inventors’ works and the sages’ treasures; they call their theft culture—and everything turns to sickness and affliction for them!
Just look at these superfluous people! They are always sick; they vomit their bile and call it a newspaper. They devour one another and cannot even digest themselves.
Just look at these superfluous people! They acquire riches and grow poorer through them. They want power, and first of all the crowbar of power, much money—these powerless ones!
Look at them climbing, these nimble apes! They climb over one another, and so drag one another into the mud and the depths.
They all want to reach the throne: that is their madness—as if happiness sat upon the throne! Often mud sits upon the throne—and often the throne sits upon mud as well.
To me they are all madmen and climbing apes and feverishly overheated. Their idol, the cold monster, stinks to me: all these idolaters stink to me together.
My brothers, do you mean to suffocate in the fumes of their mouths and appetites? Better smash the windows and leap into the open!
Keep out of the way of the stench! Leave the idolatry of the superfluous!
Keep out of the way of the stench! Leave the vapor of these human sacrifices!
The earth still lies open to great souls. Many places remain empty for the solitary and for pairs, with the scent of tranquil seas blowing around them.
A free life still lies open to great souls. Truly, whoever possesses little is possessed so much less: praised be a modest poverty!
There, where the state ends, begins the human being who is not superfluous: there begins the song of the necessary one, the singular and irreplaceable melody.
There, where the state ends—look there, my brothers! Do you not see it, the rainbow and the bridges of the overhuman?—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On the Flies of the Marketplace
Flee, my friend, into your solitude! I see you stunned by the noise of great men and pierced by the stings of the small.
Forest and rock know how to keep a worthy silence with you. Be again like the tree you love, the broad-branched one: still and listening, it hangs above the sea.
Where solitude ends, the marketplace begins; and where the marketplace begins, there begins the noise of great actors and the buzzing of poisonous flies.
In the world, the best things are worth nothing without someone first performing them: the people call these performers great men.
The people understand little of greatness—that is, of creation. But they have senses for every performer and actor of great things.
The world turns around the inventors of new values: invisibly it turns. But the people and fame turn around the actors: that is the way of the world.
The actor has spirit, but little conscience of the spirit. He always believes in whatever most strongly makes others believe—believe in himself!
Tomorrow he has a new faith, and the day after a newer one. His senses are quick, like the people’s, and his scent for things changes.
To overturn—that means to him to prove. To drive people wild—that means to him to convince. And blood counts with him as the best of all arguments.
A truth that slips only into subtle ears he calls a lie and nothing. Truly, he believes only in gods that make a great noise in the world!
The marketplace is full of solemn jesters—and the people boast of their great men! To them these are the masters of the hour.
But the hour presses them: so they press you. And from you too they demand Yes or No. Alas, do you mean to set your chair between For and Against?
Do not envy these absolute and pressing ones, you lover of truth! Truth has never yet taken the arm of an absolutist.
Because of these sudden ones, return to your security: only in the marketplace are people assailed with Yes? or No?
Experience comes slowly to all deep wells: they must wait long before they know what has fallen into their depths.
Away from marketplace and fame, all greatness happens: away from marketplace and fame, inventors of new values have always lived.
Flee, my friend, into your solitude: I see you pierced by poisonous flies. Flee where the air blows rough and strong!
Flee into your solitude! You have lived too close to the small and pitiful. Flee their invisible revenge! Toward you they are nothing but revenge.
Raise your arm against them no more! They are countless, and it is not your lot to be a fly whisk.
Countless are these small and pitiful ones; and raindrops and weeds have already brought many a proud structure to ruin.
You are no stone, yet many drops have already hollowed you. Many drops will yet break and shatter you.
I see you wearied by poisonous flies, scratched bloody in a hundred places; and your pride will not even grow angry.
In all innocence they want blood from you; their bloodless souls crave blood—and so, in all innocence, they sting.
But you, deep one, suffer too deeply even from small wounds; and before you have healed, the same poisonous worm has crawled across your hand.
You are too proud to kill these nibblers. But beware lest bearing all their poisonous injustice become your doom!
They buzz around you with their praise as well: their praising is an intrusion. They want the nearness of your skin and blood.
They flatter you as a God or devil; they whine before you as before a God or devil. What does it matter? They are flatterers and whiners, and nothing more.
Often they also present themselves as lovable. But that has always been the coward’s cleverness. Yes, cowards are clever!
They think much about you with their narrow souls—you are always a matter of suspicion to them! Whatever is much considered grows suspect.
They punish you for all your virtues. At heart they forgive you only—your mistakes.
Because you are gentle and just-minded, you say, “They are innocent of their little existence.” But their narrow soul thinks, “All great existence is guilt.”
Even when you are gentle with them, they still feel despised by you; and they repay your kindness with hidden injuries.
Your wordless pride always offends their taste; they rejoice when you are once modest enough to be vain.
What we recognize in a person, we also kindle in that person. So beware of the small!
Before you they feel small, and their lowliness smolders and burns against you in invisible revenge.
Have you not noticed how often they fell silent when you approached, and how their strength left them like smoke from a dying fire?
Yes, my friend, you are your neighbors’ bad conscience: for they are unworthy of you. So they hate you and would gladly suck your blood.
Your neighbors will always be poisonous flies; what is great in you must itself make them more poisonous and ever more flylike.
Flee, my friend, into your solitude, where the air blows rough and strong. It is not your lot to be a fly whisk.—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On Chastity
I love the forest. Life is bad in the cities: too many people there are in heat.
Is it not better to fall into a murderer’s hands than into a lustful woman’s dreams?
And just look at these men: their eyes tell it—they know nothing better on earth than lying with a woman.
There is mud at the bottom of their souls; and woe if their mud has spirit as well!
If only you were at least perfect as animals! But innocence belongs to the animal.
Do I counsel you to kill your senses? I counsel you to the innocence of the senses.
Do I counsel you to chastity? For some, chastity is a virtue, but for many it is almost a vice.
These people abstain, certainly: but the she-dog Sensuality looks enviously out of everything they do.
This beast and its unrest follow them even into the heights of their virtue and into the cold spirit itself.
And how prettily the she-dog Sensuality knows how to beg for a piece of spirit when a piece of flesh is denied her!
You love tragedies and everything that breaks the heart? But I distrust your she-dog.
Your eyes are too cruel for me, and you look lustfully at those who suffer. Has your lust merely disguised itself and called itself pity?
I give you this parable too: not a few who wanted to drive out their devil entered into the swine themselves.
Anyone who finds chastity difficult should be counseled against it: lest it become the road to hell—that is, to mud and heat in the soul.
Am I speaking of dirty things? To me that is not the worst of it.
Not when truth is dirty, but when it is shallow, does the knower hesitate to enter its waters.
Truly, there are people chaste to the core: they are gentler at heart; they laugh more readily and more abundantly than you.
They laugh at chastity too, and ask, “What is chastity?
“Is chastity not folly? But this folly came to us, not we to it.
“We offered this guest lodging and our hearts: now it lives with us—let it stay as long as it wishes!”
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On the Friend
“One is always one too many around me,” thinks the hermit. “Always one times one—in time that makes two!”
I and Me are always too eager in their conversation: how could one bear it if there were no friend?
For the hermit, the friend is always the third: the third is the cork that keeps the conversation of the two from sinking into the depths.
Ah, there are too many depths for all hermits. That is why they long so much for a friend and for his height.
Our faith in others betrays what we would gladly believe about ourselves. Our longing for a friend betrays us.
And often love seeks only to leap over envy. And often one attacks and makes an enemy to hide one’s own vulnerability.
“At least be my enemy!” says true reverence, which does not dare ask for friendship.
If one wants a friend, one must also want to wage war for him: and to wage war, one must be able to be an enemy.
One should honor the enemy even in one’s friend. Can you come close to your friend without crossing over to his side?
In one’s friend one should have one’s best enemy. Your heart should be nearest him when you resist him.
You want to wear no clothes before your friend? It should honor your friend that you give yourself as you are? But for that he wishes you to the devil!
Whoever makes no secret of themselves provokes indignation: such reason you have to fear nakedness! Yes, if you were gods, then you might be ashamed of your clothes!
You cannot adorn yourself beautifully enough for your friend: for to him you should be an arrow and a longing for the overhuman.
Have you seen your friend asleep, to discover what he looks like? What else is your friend’s face? It is your own face in a rough and imperfect mirror.
Have you seen your friend asleep? Were you not frightened that your friend looked like that? Oh, my friend, the human being is something that must be overcome.
In divining and keeping silent the friend should be a master: you must not wish to see everything. Let your dream reveal what your friend does while awake.
Let your pity be a divining, so that you first learn whether your friend wants pity. Perhaps he loves in you the unbroken eye and the gaze of eternity.
Let pity for the friend hide beneath a hard shell; you should break a tooth on it. Thus it will have its delicacy and sweetness.
Are you pure air and solitude and bread and medicine to your friend? Many cannot loosen their own chains and yet deliver their friends.
Are you a slave? Then you cannot be a friend. Are you a tyrant? Then you cannot have friends.
Too long a slave and a tyrant have lain hidden in woman. That is why woman is not yet capable of friendship: she knows only love.
In woman’s love there is injustice and blindness toward everything she does not love. And even in woman’s knowing love there are still ambush and lightning and night beside the light.
Woman is not yet capable of friendship: women are still cats, and birds. Or, at best, cows.
Woman is not yet capable of friendship. But tell me, you men, which of you is capable of friendship?
Oh, your poverty, you men, and your stinginess of soul! What you give your friend, I would give even my enemy, and would not have become poorer for it.
There is comradeship: may there be friendship!
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On a Thousand and One Goals
Zarathustra saw many lands and many peoples: thus he discovered the good and evil of many peoples. Zarathustra found no greater power on earth than good and evil.
No people could live without first valuing; but if it means to preserve itself, it must not value as its neighbor values.
Much that one people called good, another called mockery and disgrace: so I found. Much I found called evil here and adorned with purple honors there.
One neighbor never understood another: its soul always wondered at its neighbor’s delusion and malice.
A tablet of good things hangs above every people. Look, it is the tablet of its overcomings; look, it is the voice of its will to power.
What it considers difficult is praiseworthy; what is indispensable and difficult is called good; and what delivers even from the greatest need, the rarest and hardest—that it praises as holy.
Whatever makes it rule and conquer and shine, to its neighbor’s terror and envy—that it considers the high, the first, the measure, the meaning of all things.
Truly, my brother, once you know a people’s need, land, sky, and neighbor, you can divine the law of its overcomings and why it climbs this ladder toward its hope.
“You must always be first and excel all others: your jealous soul must love no one except the friend”—this made a Greek’s soul tremble; by this he followed his path to greatness.
“To speak truth and wield bow and arrow well”—this seemed both dear and difficult to the people from whom my name comes, the name that is both dear and difficult to me.
“To honor father and mother and do their will down to the soul’s root”: another people hung this tablet of overcoming above itself, and through it became mighty and everlasting.
“To practice loyalty and, for loyalty’s sake, stake honor and blood even on evil and dangerous causes”: teaching itself this, another people overcame itself; and overcoming itself thus, it became pregnant and heavy with great hopes.
Truly, human beings gave themselves all their good and evil. Truly, they did not take it, did not find it; it did not fall to them as a voice from heaven.
Human beings first placed values in things to preserve themselves—first created meaning for things, a human meaning! That is why they call themselves “human,” which means: the valuing one.
Valuing is creating: hear it, you creators! Valuing itself is the treasure and jewel of all valued things.
Only through valuing is there value: without valuing, the nut of existence would be hollow. Hear it, you creators!
A change in values—that is a change in creators. Whoever must be a creator always destroys.
Peoples were creators first; individuals came late. Truly, the individual is itself still the youngest creation.
Once peoples hung a tablet of good above themselves. Love that wants to rule and love that wants to obey created such tablets together.
Pleasure in the herd is older than pleasure in the I: and as long as good conscience is called herd, only bad conscience says I.
Truly, the cunning I, the loveless one that seeks its advantage in the advantage of many, is not the herd’s origin, but its going-under.
It was always lovers and creators who created good and evil. The fire of love glows in the names of all virtues, and the fire of anger.
Zarathustra saw many lands and many peoples: no greater power did Zarathustra find on earth than the works of lovers; “good” and “evil” are their names.
Truly, the power of this praising and blaming is a monster. Tell me, who will subdue it for me, my brothers? Tell me, who will throw a fetter over this beast’s thousand necks?
There have been a thousand goals until now, for there have been a thousand peoples. Only the fetter for the thousand necks is still missing; the one goal is missing. Humanity has no goal yet.
But tell me, my brothers: if humanity’s goal is still missing, is not humanity itself still missing too?—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On Love of the Neighbor
You crowd around your neighbor and have beautiful words for it. But I tell you: your love of your neighbor is your bad love of yourselves.
You flee from yourselves to your neighbor and would make a virtue of it: but I see through your “selflessness.”
The You is older than the I; the You has been declared holy, but not yet the I: so the human being presses toward the neighbor.
Do I counsel you to love your neighbor? I would sooner counsel you to flee your neighbor and love what is farthest away!
Higher than love of the neighbor is love of the farthest and the future; higher still than love of human beings is love of things and ghosts.
This ghost running ahead of you, my brother, is more beautiful than you: why do you not give it your flesh and bones? But you are afraid and run to your neighbor.
You cannot endure yourselves and do not love yourselves enough: now you want to seduce your neighbor into love and gild yourselves with his error.
I wish you could not endure all sorts of neighbors and their neighbors: then you would have to create your friend and his overflowing heart out of yourselves.
You invite a witness when you want to speak well of yourselves; and when you have persuaded him to think well of you, you think well of yourselves too.
Not only the one who speaks against what they know lies, but even more the one who speaks as though they knew what they do not. And that is how you speak about yourselves in company, deceiving your neighbor with yourselves.
Thus speaks the fool: “The company of human beings spoils character, especially if one has none.”
One goes to the neighbor because he seeks himself, another because he wants to lose himself. Your bad love of yourselves turns solitude into a prison for you.
Those farther away pay for your love of the neighbor; and even when five of you gather, a sixth must always die.
I do not love your festivals either: I found too many actors there, and often the spectators behaved like actors too.
I teach you not the neighbor, but the friend. Let the friend be to you the earth’s festival and a foretaste of the overhuman.
I teach you the friend and his overflowing heart. But one must know how to be a sponge to be loved by overflowing hearts.
I teach you the friend in whom the world stands complete, a bowl of goodness—the creating friend who always has a complete world to give away.
And as the world rolled apart for him, it rolls together again in rings, as the becoming of good through evil, as the becoming of purposes out of chance.
Let the future and the farthest be the cause of your today: in your friend, love the overhuman as your cause.
My brothers, I do not counsel you to love your neighbor: I counsel you to love what is farthest away.
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On the Creator’s Way
Do you want, my brother, to go into solitude? Do you want to seek the way to yourself? Wait a little longer and hear me.
“Whoever seeks easily gets lost. All solitude is guilt”: so speaks the herd. And you belonged to the herd for a long time.
The herd’s voice will still resound within you. And when you say, “I no longer share one conscience with you,” it will be a lament and a pain.
Look, that single conscience itself gave birth even to this pain: its last glimmer still glows upon your melancholy.
But you want to follow the path of your melancholy, which is the path to yourself? Then show me your right and your strength to do so!
Are you a new strength and a new right? A first movement? A wheel rolling out of itself? Can you also compel stars to revolve around you?
Ah, there is so much lust for heights! So much convulsion among the ambitious! Show me that you are neither lustful nor ambitious!
Ah, there are so many great thoughts that do no more than a bellows: they inflate and make emptier.
You call yourself free? I want to hear your ruling thought, not that you have escaped a yoke.
Are you someone who was entitled to escape a yoke? Many threw away their last value when they threw away their servitude.
Free from what? What does Zarathustra care! But let your eye tell me clearly: free for what?
Can you give yourself your evil and your good, and hang your will above yourself like a law? Can you be your own judge and the avenger of your law?
Terrible is being alone with the judge and avenger of one’s own law. Thus a star is hurled into desolate space and the icy breath of aloneness.
Today you still suffer from the many, you solitary one: today your courage and your hopes are still whole.
But one day solitude will weary you; one day your pride will bend and your courage grind its teeth. One day you will cry, “I am alone!”
One day you will no longer see your heights, and will see your depths too closely; your very sublimity will frighten you like a ghost. One day you will cry, “Everything is false!”
There are feelings that want to kill the solitary: if they fail, well, they themselves must die! But are you capable of being a murderer?
My brother, do you already know the word “contempt”? And the torment of your justice in being just toward those who despise you?
You force many to learn anew about you: they hold that bitterly against you. You came close to them and yet passed by: they will never forgive you for that.
You go beyond them: but the higher you climb, the smaller the eye of envy sees you. Most of all, however, it hates the one who flies.
“How could you be just toward me!” you must say. “I choose your injustice as my allotted portion.”
They throw injustice and filth at the solitary: but, my brother, if you want to be a star, you must shine no less for them because of it!
And beware of the good and the just! They gladly crucify those who invent their own virtue—they hate the solitary.
Beware also of holy simplicity! Everything not simple is unholy to it; it also likes to play with fire—the fire of the stake.
And beware of the assaults of your love! Too quickly the solitary stretches out a hand to whoever approaches.
To many people you must give not your hand, but only your paw: and I want your paw to have claws as well.
But you yourself will always be the worst enemy you can meet; you lie in wait for yourself in caves and forests.
Solitary one, you follow the path to yourself! And your path leads past yourself and your seven devils!
You will be your own heretic and witch and soothsayer and fool and doubter and unholy one and villain.
You must be willing to burn in your own flame: how could you become new without first becoming ashes?
Solitary one, you follow the creator’s way: you want to create a God for yourself out of your seven devils!
Solitary one, you follow the lover’s way: you love yourself and therefore despise yourself as only lovers despise.
The lover wants to create because he despises! What does anyone know of love who has not had to despise precisely what he loved?
With your love go into your solitude, and with your creating, my brother; only late will justice limp after you.
With my tears go into your solitude, my brother. I love the one who wants to create beyond himself and thus perishes.—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On Old and Young Women
“Why do you creep so shyly through the twilight, Zarathustra? And what are you hiding so carefully beneath your cloak?
“Is it a treasure you were given? Or a child born to you? Or are you now walking the thieves’ paths yourself, you friend of the wicked?”—
“Truly, my brother!” said Zarathustra. “It is a treasure I was given: I am carrying a little truth.
“But it is unruly as a young child, and unless I cover its mouth, it cries out too loudly.
“Today, as I walked alone at the hour when the sun sinks, an old woman met me and spoke to my soul:
“‘Zarathustra has said much to us women, but never spoken to us about woman.’
“And I answered her, ‘One should speak about woman only to men.’
“‘Speak to me about woman too,’ she said. ‘I am old enough to forget it again at once.’
“And I granted the old woman’s wish and spoke to her:
“Everything about woman is a riddle, and everything about woman has one solution: it is called pregnancy.
“For woman, man is a means: the end is always the child. But what is woman for man?
“The true man wants two things: danger and play. That is why he wants woman, the most dangerous plaything.
“Man should be educated for war, and woman for the warrior’s recreation: everything else is folly.
“The warrior does not like over-sweet fruit. That is why he likes woman: even the sweetest woman is bitter.
“Woman understands children better than man, but man is more childlike than woman.
“A child is hidden in the true man: it wants to play. Come, women, discover the child in man!
“Let woman be a plaything, pure and fine, like a precious stone, lit by the virtues of a world that does not yet exist.
“Let a star’s ray shine in your love! Let your hope say, ‘May I give birth to the overhuman!’
“Let there be bravery in your love! With your love you should advance upon the one who inspires fear in you!
“Let your honor be in your love! Otherwise woman understands little of honor. But let this be your honor: always to love more than you are loved, and never to be second.
“Let man fear woman when she loves: then she makes every sacrifice, and everything else is worthless to her.
“Let man fear woman when she hates: for at the bottom of his soul man is merely evil, but there woman is bad.
“Whom does woman hate most? Thus iron spoke to the magnet: ‘I hate you most because you attract, but are not strong enough to draw me to you.’
“Man’s happiness says: I will. Woman’s happiness says: he wills.
“‘Look, just now the world became perfect!’ every woman thinks when she obeys out of wholehearted love.
“And woman must obey and find a depth for her surface. Woman’s disposition is a surface, a shifting, stormy skin upon shallow water.
“But man’s disposition is deep; his stream roars through underground caves: woman senses its strength, but does not comprehend it.”—
“Then the old woman answered me, ‘Zarathustra has said many pretty things, especially for those young enough for them.
“‘Strange, Zarathustra knows little of women, and yet he is right about them! Is that because nothing is impossible with woman?
“‘And now take a little truth in thanks! I am certainly old enough for it!
“‘Wrap it up and cover its mouth: otherwise this little truth cries out too loudly.’
“‘Woman, give me your little truth!’ I said. And the old woman spoke:
“‘You are going to women? Do not forget the whip!’”—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On the Adder’s Bite
One day, because it was hot, Zarathustra had fallen asleep beneath a fig tree with his arms over his face. Then an adder came and bit his neck, and Zarathustra cried out in pain. Taking his arm from his face, he looked at the serpent: she recognized Zarathustra’s eyes, twisted awkwardly, and tried to leave. “No,” said Zarathustra, “you have not yet accepted my thanks! You woke me in time; my journey is still long.” “Your journey is short now,” the adder said sadly. “My poison kills.” Zarathustra smiled. “When did a dragon ever die of a serpent’s poison?” he said. “But take your poison back! You are not rich enough to give it to me.” Then the adder wound herself around his neck again and licked his wound.
When Zarathustra once told this to his disciples, they asked, “And what, Zarathustra, is the moral of your story?” Zarathustra answered:
“The good and the just call me the destroyer of morality: my story is immoral.
“But if you have an enemy, do not repay evil with good: that would shame him. Show instead that he has done you some good.
“And rather be angry than cause shame! If someone curses you, I do not like your wanting to bless them. Better join a little in the cursing!
“And if a great injustice has been done to you, quickly do five small ones as well! A person weighed down by injustice alone is dreadful to behold.
“Did you already know this? Shared injustice is half justice. And whoever can bear the injustice should take it upon themselves!
“A little revenge is more human than no revenge at all. And if punishment is not also a right and an honor for the offender, I do not like your punishing either.
“It is nobler to admit oneself wrong than to insist on being right, especially when one is right. Only, one must be rich enough for it.
“I do not like your cold justice; and from your judges’ eyes the executioner and his cold iron always look at me.
“Tell me, where is the justice that is love with seeing eyes?
“Invent for me the love that bears not only all punishment, but all guilt as well!
“Invent for me the justice that acquits everyone except the judge!
“Would you hear this too? In someone who wants to be just to the core, even lying becomes kindness toward humanity.
“But how could I be just to the core? How can I give each their own? Let this be enough for me: I give each what is mine.
“Finally, my brothers, beware of wronging any hermit! How could a hermit forget? How could he repay?
“A hermit is like a deep well. It is easy to throw a stone into it; but once it has sunk to the bottom, tell me, who will bring it out again?
“Beware of insulting the hermit! But if you have done it, well, kill him too!”
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On Child and Marriage
I have a question for you alone, my brother: like a plumb line I cast this question into your soul, to learn its depth.
You are young and wish for child and marriage. But I ask you: are you someone entitled to wish for a child?
Are you the victorious one, the self-conqueror, the commander of the senses, the master of your virtues? That is what I ask you.
Or do the animal and necessity speak from your wish? Or loneliness? Or discord with yourself?
I want your victory and your freedom to long for a child. You should build living monuments to your victory and your liberation.
You should build beyond yourself. But first you must yourself be built, squarely in body and soul.
You should propagate not merely onward, but upward! May the garden of marriage help you do so!
You should create a higher body, a first movement, a wheel rolling out of itself—you should create a creator.
Marriage: that is my name for the will of two to create the one that is more than those who created it. Marriage is what I call their reverence for one another as people willing such a will.
Let this be the meaning and truth of your marriage. But what the all-too-many, the superfluous, call marriage—ah, what do I call that?
Ah, this poverty of soul in pairs! Ah, this filth of soul in pairs! Ah, this pitiful contentment in pairs!
They call all this marriage, and say their marriages were made in heaven.
Well, I do not like it, this heaven of the superfluous! No, I do not like these animals entangled in the heavenly net!
And keep far from me the God who limps up to bless what he did not join together!
Do not laugh at such marriages! What child would have no reason to weep over its parents?
This man seemed worthy to me, and ripe for the meaning of the earth: but when I saw his wife, the earth seemed a madhouse to me.
Yes, I wish the earth would shake in convulsions when a saint and a goose mate.
This one set out like a hero in pursuit of truths, and at last captured a little dressed-up lie. He calls it his marriage.
That one was reserved in company and chose fastidiously. But all at once he spoiled his company once and for all: he calls it his marriage.
Another sought a maidservant with an angel’s virtues. But all at once he became a woman’s maidservant, and now he would need to become an angel as well.
I have found all buyers careful now, and all with cunning eyes. Yet even the cleverest buys his wife unseen in a sack.
Many brief follies—that is what you call love. And your marriage puts an end to many brief follies as one long stupidity.
Your love for woman, and woman’s love for man: ah, if only it were pity for suffering, veiled gods! But usually two animals merely divine one another.
Yet even your best love is only an ecstatic image and a painful fire. It is a torch meant to light higher paths for you.
One day you should love beyond yourselves! So first learn to love! That is why you had to drink the bitter cup of your love.
There is bitterness in the cup of even the best love: thus it creates longing for the overhuman; thus it creates thirst in you, the creator!
Thirst in the creator, arrow and longing toward the overhuman: tell me, my brother, is this your will to marriage?
Holy is what I call such a will and such a marriage.—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On Free Death
Many die too late, and some too early. The teaching still sounds strange: “Die at the proper time!”
Die at the proper time: so Zarathustra teaches.
Of course, how could someone who never lives at the proper time ever die at the proper time? If only that person had never been born! This is my counsel to the superfluous.
But even the superfluous make much of their dying, and even the hollowest nut still wants to be cracked.
Everyone takes dying seriously: but death is not yet a festival. Human beings have not yet learned how to consecrate the most beautiful festivals.
I show you the consummating death, which becomes a spur and a pledge to the living.
The one who consummates dies his death victoriously, surrounded by those who hope and pledge themselves.
That is how one should learn to die; and there should be no festival where such a dying person does not consecrate the oaths of the living!
To die like this is best; second best is to die in battle and squander a great soul.
But to fighter and victor alike, your grinning death is hateful: it creeps up like a thief—and yet comes as master.
I commend my death to you, the free death that comes to me because I will it.
And when shall I will it? Whoever has a goal and an heir wills death at the proper time for goal and heir.
And out of reverence for goal and heir, he will hang no more withered wreaths in the sanctuary of life.
Truly, I do not want to resemble the rope makers: they draw out their thread while walking backward themselves.
Many also grow too old for their truths and victories; a toothless mouth no longer has a right to every truth.
And everyone who wants fame must take leave of honor in good time, and practice the difficult art of—going at the proper time.
One must stop letting oneself be eaten when one tastes best: those who want to be loved long know this.
There are sour apples, certainly, whose fate is to wait until autumn’s last day: and they become ripe, yellow, and wrinkled at once.
In some the heart ages first, in others the spirit. And some are old in youth: but youth that comes late keeps one young long.
For some, life fails: a poisonous worm eats into their hearts. Let them see to it that death succeeds all the better.
Some never grow sweet; they rot in summer already. Cowardice holds them fast to their branches.
Far too many live, and far too long they hang upon their branches. If only a storm would come to shake all this rotten, worm-eaten fruit from the tree!
If only preachers of swift death would come! To me they would be the right storms and shakers of life’s trees! But I hear only slow death preached, and patience with everything “earthly.”
Ah, you preach patience with earthly things? These earthly things have too much patience with you, you slanderous mouths!
Truly, that Hebrew whom the preachers of slow death honor died too early: and for many it has been their doom ever since that he died too early.
He still knew only tears and the Hebrew’s melancholy, together with the hatred of the good and the just—Jesus the Hebrew: then longing for death assailed him.
If only he had remained in the desert, far from the good and the just! Perhaps he would have learned to live and love the earth—and to laugh as well!
Believe me, my brothers! He died too early; he himself would have recanted his teaching had he reached my age! He was noble enough to recant!
But he was still unripe. The young man loves unripe, and unripe he hates humanity and earth. His disposition and his spirit’s wings are still bound and heavy.
But there is more child in the man than in the youth, and less melancholy: he understands death and life better.
Free for death and free in death, a sacred No-sayer when it is no longer time for Yes: thus he understands death and life.
My friends, let your dying be no slander against humanity and earth: this I ask of the honey in your souls.
In your dying let your spirit and virtue still glow like sunset around the earth: otherwise your dying has gone badly.
Thus I myself want to die, so that you, my friends, love the earth more for my sake; and I want to become earth again, to find rest in her who bore me.
Truly, Zarathustra had a goal; he threw his ball. Now you, my friends, are my goal’s heirs: I throw you the golden ball.
More than anything, my friends, I love to see you throwing the golden ball! And so I linger a little longer on earth: forgive me!
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
On the Giving Virtue
1 When Zarathustra had taken leave of the town to which his heart was attached, whose name is the Motley Cow, many who called themselves his disciples followed and accompanied him. They came to a crossroads: there Zarathustra told them he now wished to go alone, for he was a friend of walking alone. But in farewell his disciples gave him a staff whose golden handle bore a serpent coiled around the sun. Zarathustra delighted in the staff and leaned upon it; then he spoke to his disciples.
“Tell me: how did gold come to have the highest value? Because it is uncommon and useless, gleaming and gentle in its radiance; it always gives itself away.
“Only as an image of the highest virtue did gold attain the highest value. The giver’s gaze shines like gold. The radiance of gold makes peace between moon and sun.
“The highest virtue is uncommon and useless; gleaming and gentle is its radiance: a giving virtue is the highest virtue.
“Truly, I divine you well, my disciples: like me, you strive for the giving virtue. What could you have in common with cats and wolves?
“This is your thirst: to become sacrifices and gifts yourselves. That is why you thirst to heap all riches into your souls.
“Insatiably your soul strives for treasures and jewels, because your virtue is insatiable in its desire to give.
“You compel all things toward you and into you, so that they may stream back from your spring as the gifts of your love.
“Truly, such giving love must become a robber of all values; but I call this selfishness whole and holy.
“There is another selfishness, an all-too-poor, hungry selfishness that always wants to steal: the selfishness of the sick, sick selfishness.
“With the thief’s eye it looks at everything that glitters; with hunger’s greed it measures whoever has abundant food; and it always steals around the givers’ table.
“Sickness and invisible degeneration speak from such desire; the thieving greed of this selfishness speaks of an ailing body.
“Tell me, my brothers: what do we consider bad and worst? Is it not degeneration? And we always infer degeneration where the giving soul is absent.
“Our way leads upward, beyond the kind to the higher kind. But the degenerating outlook that says, ‘Everything for me,’ is a horror to us.
“Our minds fly upward: thus they are an image of our body, an image of elevation. The names of virtues are images of such elevations.
“Thus the body passes through history, becoming and struggling. And spirit—what is it to the body? The herald, companion, and echo of its struggles and victories.
“All names of good and evil are images: they do not speak things out; they only beckon. A fool, anyone who demands knowledge of them!
“Attend, my brothers, to every hour when your spirit wants to speak in images: there is the origin of your virtue.
“Then your body is elevated and risen again; with its delight it transports the spirit, so that it becomes creator and valuer and lover and benefactor of all things.
“When your heart surges broad and full like a river, a blessing and a danger to those who dwell along it: there is the origin of your virtue.
“When you are raised above praise and blame, and your will wants to command all things as a lover’s will: there is the origin of your virtue.
“When you despise the pleasant and the soft bed, and cannot lie far enough from the soft: there is the origin of your virtue.
“When you are willers of one will, and this turning of all need you call necessity: there is the origin of your virtue.
“Truly, it is a new good and evil! Truly, a new deep rushing, the voice of a new spring!
“Power is this new virtue; a ruling thought it is, with a clever soul around it: a golden sun with the serpent of knowledge around it.”
2 Here Zarathustra fell silent for a while and looked lovingly at his disciples. Then he continued—and his voice had changed.
“Remain faithful to the earth, my brothers, with the power of your virtue! Let your giving love and your knowledge serve the meaning of the earth! This I ask and implore of you.
“Do not let them fly away from earthly things and beat their wings against eternal walls! Ah, there has always been so much virtue flown astray!
“Like me, lead the virtue flown astray back to earth—yes, back to body and life, so that it may give the earth its meaning, a human meaning!
“In a hundred ways spirit and virtue alike have flown astray and reached amiss until now. Ah, all this delusion and error still dwells in our bodies: there it has become body and will.
“In a hundred ways spirit and virtue alike have attempted and strayed until now. Yes, the human being was an attempt. Ah, so much ignorance and error has become body in us!
“Not only the reason of millennia—their madness too breaks out in us. It is dangerous to be an heir.
“We still struggle step by step with the giant Chance; and until now nonsense, the absence of meaning, has ruled over all humanity.
“Let your spirit and your virtue serve the meaning of the earth, my brothers, and let the value of all things be set anew by you! For that you must be fighters! For that you must be creators!
“Through knowing, the body purifies itself; experimenting with knowledge, it elevates itself; to the knower all drives become holy; to the elevated one the soul becomes joyful.
“Physician, help yourself: thus you help your patient too. Let this be the best help for him: to see with his own eyes the one who makes himself whole.
“There are a thousand paths never yet walked, a thousand forms of health and hidden islands of life. Humanity and the human earth are still unexhausted and undiscovered.
“Wake and listen, you solitary ones! Winds come from the future with a secret beating of wings; and good tidings reach subtle ears.
“You solitary ones of today, you who separate yourselves, shall one day be a people: from you who chose yourselves, a chosen people shall grow—and from it the overhuman.
“Truly, the earth shall yet become a place of recovery! Already a new scent surrounds it, a healing scent—and a new hope!”
3 When Zarathustra had spoken these words, he fell silent like someone who has not said his last word. For a long time he weighed the staff doubtfully in his hand. At last he spoke—and his voice had changed.
“Now I go alone, my disciples! You too, go away now, and alone! That is my will.
“Truly, I counsel you: leave me and defend yourselves against Zarathustra! Better still, be ashamed of him! Perhaps he deceived you.
“The person of knowledge must be able not only to love enemies, but also to hate friends.
“One repays a teacher badly by remaining only a pupil forever. And why do you not want to pluck at my wreath?
“You revere me; but what if your reverence falls one day? Beware lest a statue crush you!
“You say you believe in Zarathustra? But what does Zarathustra matter? You are my believers: but what do all believers matter?
“You had not yet sought yourselves when you found me. So all believers do; that is why all belief amounts to so little.
“Now I bid you lose me and find yourselves; and only when you have all denied me will I return to you.
“Truly, then I will seek my lost ones with other eyes, my brothers; then I will love you with another love.
“And one day you shall have become my friends and children of one hope: then I will be with you a third time, to celebrate the great noon with you.
“And this is the great noon: when humanity stands midway on its course between animal and overhuman and celebrates its way toward evening as its highest hope—for it is the way to a new morning.
“Then the one going under will bless himself for being one who crosses over; and the sun of his knowledge will stand at noon for him.
“‘All gods are dead: now we will that the overhuman should live.’ Let this one day, at the great noon, be our final will!”—
Thus spoke Zarathustra.
Plain English translation
Complete machine-assisted Plain English translation, made independently and directly from the German, without the Musean edition or a historical English translation. German source: Deutsches Textarchiv, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, CC BY-SA 4.0; Schmeitzner 1883/1883/1884 and Naumann 1891. Source readings and extraction changes recorded in the source registry.
Zarathustra’s Discourses
On the Three Transformations.
I’ll name three transformations of the spirit for you: how the spirit becomes a camel, and the camel a lion, and finally the lion a child.
There is much that is heavy for the spirit, the strong, burden-bearing spirit in which reverence lives. Its strength longs for the heavy, for the heaviest.
“What is heavy?” asks the burden-bearing spirit, and it kneels down like a camel and wants to be loaded well.
“What is the heaviest, you heroes?” asks the burden-bearing spirit, “so that I can take it on myself and be glad of my strength.”
Isn’t it this: to humble yourself in order to hurt your arrogance? To let your foolishness shine in order to mock your wisdom?
Or is it this: to part from our cause just when it celebrates its victory? To climb high mountains in order to tempt the tempter?
Or is it this: to feed on the acorns and grass of knowledge, and to suffer hunger of the soul for the sake of truth?
Or is it this: to be sick, send the comforters home, and make friends with the deaf, who never hear what you want?
Or is it this: to step into dirty water when it is the water of truth, and not to push away cold frogs and hot toads?
Or is it this: to love those who despise us, and to offer a hand to the ghost when it wants to frighten us?
The burden-bearing spirit takes all of this heaviest upon itself. Like the camel that hurries loaded into the desert, it hurries into its desert.
But in the loneliest desert the second transformation takes place: here the spirit becomes a lion; it wants to take freedom for itself and be master in its own desert.
Here it looks for its last master. It wants to become an enemy to him and to its last god, and it wants to wrestle the great dragon for victory.
What is the great dragon that the spirit can no longer call master and god? “You shall” is the name of the great dragon. But the spirit of the lion says “I will.”
“You-must” lies in its way, sparkling gold, an animal covered in scales, and on every scale “You must!” shines in gold.
Thousand-year-old values gleam on these scales, and so speaks the mightiest of all dragons: “The whole value of things — it gleams from me.”
“All value has already been created, and all created value — that is me. Truly, there shall be no more “I will”!” So speaks the dragon.
My brothers, why does the spirit need the lion? Isn’t the beast of burden enough, the one that gives things up and is reverent?
Creating new values — even the lion cannot yet do that. But making freedom for oneself, for new creating — that the lion’s power can do.
To create freedom for oneself, and a holy No even to duty: for that, my brothers, the lion is needed.
To take the right to new values — that is the most terrible taking for a burden-bearing and reverent spirit. Truly, it is a robbery for it, and the business of a beast of prey.
Once it loved “You shall” as its holiest thing; now it must find delusion and arbitrariness even in the holiest, so that it can rob itself of freedom from its love. The lion is needed for this robbery.
But tell me, my brothers: what can the child do that even the lion could not? Why must the robbing lion also become a child?
The child is innocence and forgetting, a new beginning, a game, a wheel that rolls of its own accord, a first movement, a sacred yes-saying.
Yes, for the game of creating, my brothers, a holy saying of Yes is needed. The spirit now wills its own will. The one who lost the world wins their own world.
I named three transformations of the spirit for you: how the spirit became a camel, and the camel a lion, and finally the lion a child.
Thus spoke Zarathustra. And at that time he was staying in the city called the Spotted Cow.
On the Teaching Chairs of Virtue.
People praised a wise man to Zarathustra: he knew how to speak well about sleep and virtue, they said. He was greatly honored and well paid for it, and all the young men sat in front of his teaching chair. Zarathustra went to him, and with all the young men he sat in front of his teaching chair. And the wise man said:
Honor and modesty before sleep! That comes first! And get out of the way of everyone who sleeps badly and stays awake at night!
The thief is still bashful before sleep: he always steals quietly through the night. But the watchman of the night is shameless; shamelessly he carries his horn.
Sleeping is no small art. It takes effort to stay awake all day for it.
Ten times a day you must overcome yourself. That makes a good tiredness, and it is poppy for the soul.
Ten times you must make peace with yourself again; for overcoming is bitter, and the unreconciled sleep badly.
Ten truths you must find during the day. Otherwise you’ll still be looking for truth at night, and your soul will have stayed hungry.
Ten times you must laugh during the day and be cheerful, or else your stomach will disturb you at night, that father of gloom.
Few people know this, but you must have all the virtues in order to sleep well. Will I bear false witness? Will I commit adultery?
Will I let myself covet my neighbor’s maid? All of that would go badly with good sleep.
And even when you have all the virtues, you must still understand one more thing: sending the virtues themselves to sleep at the right time.
So that they don’t quarrel with each other, the well-behaved little women! And over you, you unlucky one!
Peace with God and with the neighbor: that is what good sleep wants. And peace with the neighbor’s devil too! Otherwise he’ll haunt you at night.
Honor to the authorities, and obedience, even to crooked authorities! That is what good sleep wants. Can I help it that power likes to walk on crooked legs?
The one I’ll always call the best shepherd is the one who leads his sheep to the greenest pasture. That goes well with good sleep.
I don’t want much honor or great treasures: they inflame the spleen. But it’s hard to sleep without a good name and a small treasure.
A small company is more welcome to me than a bad one; yet it must come and go at the right time. That is compatible with good sleep.
I like the poor in spirit very much too: they promote sleep. Blessed are they, especially if you always agree with them.
So the day runs for the virtuous. When night comes, I take good care not to call sleep! He doesn’t want to be called, sleep, the lord of the virtues!
Rather, I think over what I did and thought during the day. Chewing it over, patient as a cow, I ask myself: what were your ten overcomings, after all?
And what were the ten reconciliations, and the ten truths, and the ten laughs that my heart treated itself to?
While I’m thinking over such things, rocked by forty thoughts, sleep suddenly overtakes me, the uncalled one, the lord of the virtues.
Sleep taps on my eye, and it grows heavy. Sleep touches my mouth, and it stays open.
Truly, on soft soles he comes to me, the dearest of thieves, and steals my thoughts: I stand there stupid, like this chair.
But I don’t stand for long after that. I’m already lying down.
When Zarathustra heard the wise man speak like this, he laughed to himself in his heart, for a light had dawned on him. And so he spoke to his heart:
This wise man with his forty thoughts is a fool to me. But I believe he knows very well how to sleep.
Happy is anyone who lives near this wise man! Such sleep is catching. It is catching even through a thick wall.
There is a magic even in his teaching chair. And it was not for nothing that the young men sat in front of the preacher of virtue.
His wisdom is this: to stay awake in order to sleep well. And truly, if life had no meaning and I had to choose nonsense, then this would also be the most worthwhile nonsense for me.
Now I clearly understand what people once looked for above all when they looked for teachers of virtue. They looked for good sleep, and poppy-flower virtues to go with it!
For all these praised wise men of the teaching chairs, wisdom was sleep without dreams. They knew no better meaning of life.
Even today there are surely a few like this preacher of virtue, and not always such honest ones. But their time is up. And they won’t be standing much longer: they’re already lying down.
Blessed are these sleepy ones, for they will soon nod off.
So Zarathustra spoke.
On the Believers in Other Worlds.
Once Zarathustra too threw his delusion out beyond man, like all believers in other worlds. The world seemed to me then the work of a suffering, tormented god.
The world seemed to me then a dream, a god’s poem: colored smoke before the eyes of one who is divinely dissatisfied.
Good and evil and pleasure and pain and I and you: it looked to me like colored smoke before creative eyes. The creator wanted to look away from himself, and so he made the world.
It is a drunken pleasure for the sufferer to look away from his suffering and lose himself. A drunken pleasure and self-loss: that is how the world seemed to me once.
This world, forever imperfect, the image of an eternal contradiction, and an imperfect image at that, a drunken pleasure for its imperfect creator: that is how the world seemed to me once.
So I too once threw my delusion out beyond man, like all believers in other worlds. Beyond man in truth?
Ah, my brothers, this god that I made was man’s work and man’s madness, like all gods!
He was a human being, only a poor piece of human being and of me: out of my own ash and glow this specter came to me, and truly! It did not come to me from beyond.
What happened, my brothers? I overcame myself, the one who suffered; I carried my own ash up the mountain; I invented a brighter flame for myself. And look! The specter withdrew from me!
It would be suffering for me now, and torment for one who has recovered, to believe in such ghosts. It would be suffering for me now, and humiliation. This is how I speak to the believers in other worlds.
It was suffering and powerlessness that made all the other worlds, and that short madness of happiness that only the one who suffers most experiences.
Weariness, which wants to reach the last thing in a single leap, a leap to death, a poor ignorant weariness that does not even want to want anymore: that is what created all the gods and afterworlds.
Believe me, my brothers! It was the body that despaired of the body — it groped with the fingers of a deluded spirit against the last walls.
Believe me, my brothers! It was the body that despaired of the earth — it heard the belly of being speaking to it.
And then it wanted to get through the last walls with its head, and not only with its head, over to “that world.”
But “that world” is well hidden from man, that dehumanized, inhuman world, which is a heavenly nothing. And the belly of being doesn’t speak to man at all, except as man.
Truly, all being is hard to prove and hard to bring to speech. Tell me, my brothers: is not the most wondrous of all things still the best proven?
Yes, this I, and the contradiction and confusion of the I, still speak most honestly of its being: this creating, willing, valuing I, which is the measure and value of things.
And this most honest being, the I, speaks of the body, and still wants the body, even when it composes poems and rhapsodizes and flutters about with broken wings.
The I learns to speak ever more honestly; and the more it learns, the more words and honor it finds for body and earth.
My I taught me a new pride, and I teach it to human beings: no longer to stick the head in the sand of heavenly things, but to carry it freely, an earthly head, which gives the earth its meaning!
I teach people a new will: to want this path that man has walked blindly, and to call it good, and no longer to sneak off from it to the side, like the sick and the dying!
The sick and the dying were the ones who despised body and earth and invented the heavenly and the redeeming drops of blood. But even these sweet and dark poisons they took from body and earth!
They wanted to run away from their misery, and the stars were too far for them. So they sighed: “Oh, if only there were heavenly paths for sneaking into another being and happiness!” Then they invented their sneaky ways and their little bloody potions!
Now they imagined themselves carried away from their body and this earth, these ungrateful ones. But to whom did they owe the convulsion and bliss of their rapture? To their body and this earth.
Zarathustra is gentle with the sick. Truly, he isn’t angry at their kinds of comfort and ingratitude. May they become people who recover, and overcome, and create a higher body for themselves!
Nor is Zarathustra angry at the one who is recovering when he looks fondly at his delusion and creeps around the grave of his god at midnight. But even his tears are still sickness and a sick body to me.
There has always been a great deal of sickly people among those who write poetry and are hungry for God; furiously they hate the knower and that youngest of the virtues, which is called honesty.
They always look back to dark times: then, to be sure, delusion and belief were a different matter; the madness of reason was likeness to God, and doubt was sin.
I know these godlike ones only too well. They want people to believe in them, and doubt to be sin. I also know only too well what they themselves believe in best.
Truly, they believe not in afterworlds and redeeming drops of blood, but in the body most of all; and their own body is their thing-in-itself.
But to them it is a sickly thing, and they would gladly leap out of their skin. Therefore they listen for the preachers of death, and they themselves preach afterworlds.
Better listen, my brothers, to the voice of the healthy body. This voice is more honest and purer.
The healthy body speaks more honestly and more purely, the perfect one, built at right angles. And it speaks of the meaning of the earth.
So Zarathustra spoke.
On Those Who Despise the Body.
I want to say my word to the despisers of the body. I don’t want them to learn differently and teach differently. I want them only to say goodbye to their own body, and so become silent.
“I am body and soul” — so speaks the child. And why should one not speak like children?
But the one who has awakened, the one who knows, says: I am body entirely and nothing besides; and soul is only a word for something about the body.
The body is a great reason, a plurality with one meaning, a war and a peace, a herd and a herdsman.
Your little reason is also a tool of your body, my brother, the one you call “spirit,” a small tool and toy of your great reason.
“I,” you say, and you’re proud of this word. But the greater thing is what you don’t want to believe in: your body and its great reason. It doesn’t say I, but it does I.
What the senses feel and what the spirit knows never has its end in itself. But senses and spirit want to persuade you that they are the end of all things: so vain are they.
Senses and spirit are tools and toys. Behind them lies the self. The self also seeks with the eyes of the senses, and it also listens with the ears of the spirit.
The self is always listening and seeking: it compares, subdues, conquers, destroys. It rules, and it is also the ruler of the I.
Behind your thoughts and feelings, my brother, stands a mighty ruler, an unknown sage — he is called the Self. He dwells in your body; he is your body.
There is more reason in your body than in your best wisdom. And who knows what your body needs your best wisdom for?
Your Self laughs at your I and its proud leaps. “What are these leaps and flights of thought to me?” it says to itself. “A detour to my goal. I am the leading-strings of the I and the prompter of its concepts.”
The Self says to the I: “Here, feel pain!” And then the I suffers, and thinks about how to stop suffering — and for that very purpose it is meant to think.
The Self says to the I: “Here, feel pleasure!” Then the I rejoices, and thinks about how to rejoice often again — and for that very purpose it is meant to think.
I want to say a word to the despisers of the body. Their despising is what makes their esteeming. What is it that created esteeming and despising and value and will?
The creating Self created esteeming and despising for itself; it created pleasure and pain for itself. The creating body created the spirit for itself as a hand of its will.
Even in your folly and contempt, you despisers of the body, you still serve your Self. I tell you: your Self itself wants to die and turns away from life.
It is no longer able to do what it wants most: to create beyond itself. That is what it wants most; that is its whole fervor.
But now it is too late for that — so your Self wants to go under, you despisers of the body.
Your Self wants to go under, and that is why you became despisers of the body! For you are no longer able to create beyond yourselves.
And that is why you are angry now at life and the earth. An envy you don’t know about is in the sideways glare of your contempt.
I don’t go your way, you despisers of the body! You are no bridges to the overman for me!
So Zarathustra spoke.
On Joys and Passions.
My brother, if you have a virtue, and it is your virtue, then you do not share it with anyone.
Of course, you want to call it by name and caress it; you want to tug at its ear and play games with it.
And look! Now you share its name with the common people, and with your virtue you’ve become common people and herd!
You would do better to say: “It can’t be spoken and has no name, the thing that gives my soul torment and sweetness and is also the hunger of my bowels.”
Let your virtue be too high for the familiarity of names; and if you must speak of it, do not be ashamed to stammer about it.
Speak and stammer like this: “This is my good. I love it. It pleases me completely. Only this way do I want the good.
“I don’t want it as the law of a god. I don’t want it as a human rule or human necessity. Let it be no signpost for me to worlds above the earth and to paradises.
An earthly virtue is what I love: little cleverness is in it, and least of all the reason everyone shares.
But this bird built its nest with me: that is why I love it and cherish it. Now it sits with me on its golden eggs.”
So you shall stammer and praise your virtue.
Once you had passions and called them evil. But now you have only your virtues: they grew out of your passions.
You laid your highest goal on the heart of these passions. Then they became your virtues and joy-passions.
And whether you came from the family of the hot-tempered, or the lustful, or the faith-crazed, or the vengeful:
In the end all your passions became virtues, and all your devils became angels.
Once you had wild dogs in your cellar: but in the end they turned into birds and lovely singing women.
From your poisons you brewed your balsam. You milked your cow Gloom; now you drink the sweet milk of her udder.
And from now on nothing evil grows out of you, unless it is the evil that grows out of the fight among your virtues.
My brother, if you’re lucky, you have one virtue and no more. That way you cross the bridge more easily.
It is distinguishing to have many virtues, but a heavy lot; and many a man went into the desert and killed himself because he was tired of being the battle and battlefield of virtues.
My brother, are war and battle evil? But this evil is necessary. Necessary are the envy and the distrust and the slander among your virtues.
Look how each of your virtues craves the highest place. It wants your whole spirit, to be its herald. It wants your whole strength in anger, hate and love.
Every virtue is jealous of the others, and jealousy is a terrible thing. Even virtues can perish through jealousy.
Whoever is ringed by the flame of jealousy turns the poisoned sting against themselves in the end, like the scorpion.
Ah, my brother, have you never yet seen a virtue slander and stab itself?
The human being is something that must be overcome; and that is why you should love your virtues, for you will perish by them. —
So Zarathustra spoke.
On the Pale Criminal.
You do not want to kill, you judges and sacrificers, until the animal has nodded? Look, the pale criminal has nodded: from his eye speaks the great contempt.
“My I is something that must be overcome. To me my I is the great contempt for man.” That is what speaks from this eye.
Judging himself was his highest moment. Don’t let the exalted one go back down again into his lowness!
There is no redemption for a man who suffers from himself like this, except a quick death.
Your killing, you judges, should be pity and not revenge. And as you kill, make sure you justify life yourselves!
It is not enough that you reconcile yourselves with the one you kill. Let your sadness be love for the overman: that is how you justify your still-living!
You should say “enemy,” but not “villain.” You should say “sick person,” but not “scoundrel.” You should say “fool,” but not “sinner.”
And you, red judge: if you said out loud everything you’ve already done in thought, everyone would cry out: “Away with this filth and poisonous worm!”
But the thought is one thing, the deed another, and the image of the deed yet another. The wheel of cause does not roll between them.
An image made this pale man pale. He was the same size as his deed when he did it; but he could not bear its image once it was done.
From then on he always saw himself as the doer of a single deed. I call this madness: the exception turned into his essence.
The stroke binds the hen; the blow he struck bound his poor reason. I call this the madness after the deed.
Listen, you judges! There is another madness, and it comes before the deed. Ah, you didn’t crawl deep enough into this soul!
So speaks the red judge: “Why did this criminal murder? He wanted to rob.” But I tell you: his soul wanted blood, not robbery; he thirsted for the bliss of the knife!
But his poor reason didn’t understand this madness and talked him into it. “What does blood matter!” it said. “Don’t you at least want to make a robbery of it? To take a revenge?”
And he listened to his poor reason: its speech lay on him like lead, so he robbed while he murdered. He did not want to be ashamed of his madness.
And now again the lead of his guilt lies on him, and again his poor reason is so stiff, so paralyzed, so heavy.
If he could only shake his head, his load would roll off. But who shakes this head?
What is this man? A heap of diseases that reach out into the world through the spirit. There they want to take their prey.
What is this man? A tangle of wild snakes that seldom have peace with one another. So they go off on their own and look for prey in the world.
Look at this poor body! What it suffered and craved, this poor soul interpreted for itself. It interpreted it as murderous pleasure and greed for the happiness of the knife.
Whoever falls ill now is overcome by the evil that is evil now: he wants to hurt with whatever hurts him. But there were other times, and another evil and good.
Once doubt was evil, and the will to self. In those days the sick person became a heretic and a witch. As heretic and witch they suffered and wanted to make others suffer.
But this does not go into your ears: it would harm your good people, you tell me. But what do I care about your good people!
Much about your good people disgusts me, and certainly not their evil. I wish they had a madness that would destroy them, like this pale criminal!
Truly, I wish their madness were called truth, or faithfulness, or justice; but they have their virtue so that they may live long, in a pitiful comfort.
I am a railing by the river. Grab me, whoever can grab me! But I am not your crutch.
So Zarathustra spoke.
On Reading and Writing.
Of all that is written, I love only what someone writes with his blood. Write with blood, and you will learn that blood is spirit.
It isn’t easy to understand another person’s blood. I hate the idlers who read.
Whoever knows the reader does nothing more for the reader. One more century of readers — and the spirit itself will stink.
That everyone is allowed to learn to read ruins, in the long run, not only writing but also thinking.
Once the spirit was God, then it became man, and now it is even becoming rabble.
Whoever writes in blood and maxims doesn’t want to be read, but learned by heart.
In the mountains the shortest way is from peak to peak. But for that you must have long legs. Maxims should be peaks. And the people they’re spoken to should be big and tall.
The air thin and pure, danger near, and the spirit full of a cheerful malice: these go well together.
I want to have goblins around me, for I am brave. Courage that scares away ghosts makes goblins for itself. Courage wants to laugh.
I no longer feel as you do. This cloud that I see beneath me, this blackness and heaviness that I laugh at: that is exactly your thundercloud.
You look up when you long to be lifted. And I look down because I am lifted.
Which of you can laugh and be lifted at the same time?
Whoever climbs the highest mountains laughs at all tragedies and tragic solemnity.
Bold, carefree, mocking, violent — that is how wisdom wants us to be: she is a woman, and she always loves only a warrior.
You tell me: “Life is hard to bear.” But then why would you have pride in the morning and surrender in the evening?
Life is hard to bear. But don’t act so delicate with me! We’re all of us fine load-carrying donkeys, male and female.
What do we have in common with the rosebud, which trembles because a drop of dew lies on its body?
It’s true: we love life, not because we’re used to living, but because we’re used to loving.
There is always some madness in love. But there is always also some reason in madness.
And to me too, who am fond of life, butterflies and soap bubbles, and whatever is of their kind among people, seem to know the most about happiness.
To see these light, foolish, delicate, nimble little souls flutter: that tempts Zarathustra to tears and songs.
I would believe only in a god who knew how to dance.
And when I saw my devil, I found him serious, thorough, deep, solemn. It was the spirit of heaviness. Through him all things fall.
People kill not by anger but by laughter. Come, let us kill the spirit of heaviness!
I have learned to walk: since then I let myself run. I have learned to fly: since then I do not want to be pushed first in order to move from the spot.
Now I am light, now I fly, now I see myself far below me, now a god dances through me.
So Zarathustra spoke.
On the Tree on the Mountain.
Zarathustra’s eye had seen that a young man was avoiding him. And one evening, as he walked alone through the mountains that surround the town called “the Colorful Cow,” look, there on his walk he found this young man sitting leaning against a tree and looking into the valley with tired eyes. Zarathustra took hold of the tree beside which the young man sat, and spoke like this:
If I wanted to shake this tree here with my hands, I would not be able to do it.
But the wind, which we don’t see, torments it and bends it wherever it wants. We are bent and tormented worst by unseen hands.
Then the young man rose in alarm and said: “I hear Zarathustra, and I was just thinking of him.” Zarathustra answered:
“Why are you frightened at that? But it is the same with man as with the tree.
“The more he wants to go up into the height and the light, the more strongly his roots strive earthward, downward, into the dark, the deep, into evil.”
“Yes, into evil!” the young man cried. “How is it possible that you discovered my soul?”
Zarathustra smiled and said: “Some souls you will never discover, unless you invent them first.”
“Yes, into evil!” the young man cried again.
You spoke the truth, Zarathustra. I no longer trust myself since I have wanted to rise, and no one trusts me anymore. How does that happen?
“I change too fast: my today refutes my yesterday. When I climb, I often skip the steps, and no step forgives me for that.
When I am up high, I always find myself alone. No one speaks with me; the frost of loneliness makes me shiver. What do I want up here?
My contempt and my longing grow together; the higher I climb, the more I despise the one who climbs. What does he want up here?
How ashamed I am of my climbing and stumbling! How I mock my heavy panting! How I hate the one who flies! How tired I am up here!”
Here the young man fell silent. And Zarathustra looked at the tree beside which they stood, and spoke like this:
This tree stands lonely here on the mountain. It grew high above man and beast.
And if it wanted to speak, it would have no one who could understand it: that is how high it grew.
Now he waits and waits — but what is he waiting for? He lives too close to the seat of the clouds: is he waiting for the first bolt of lightning?
When Zarathustra had said this, the young man cried out with violent gestures: “Yes, Zarathustra, you speak the truth. I longed for my own downfall when I wanted to rise, and you are the lightning I was waiting for! Look, what am I still, since you appeared to us? It is envy of you that has destroyed me!” So spoke the young man, and wept bitterly. But Zarathustra put his arm around him and led him along with him.
And when they had walked together for a while, Zarathustra began to speak like this:
It tears my heart. Better than your words, your eyes tell me all your danger.
You’re not free yet. You are still searching for freedom. Your searching has made you sleepless and over-awake.
You want to go up into free heights; your soul thirsts for stars. But your bad drives thirst for freedom too.
Your wild dogs want freedom; they bark with delight in their cellar when your spirit tries to loosen every prison.
To me you’re still a prisoner who dreams up freedom for himself. Ah, the soul of such prisoners becomes clever, but also cunning and bad.
The one who has been freed in spirit must still purify themselves. A lot of prison and mold is still left in them. Their eye must still become pure.
Yes, I know your danger. But by my love and my hope I beg you: do not throw away your love and your hope!
You still feel noble, and the others who are hostile to you and send you evil looks still feel you are noble. Know that a noble person stands in everyone’s way.
Even for the good, a noble person stands in the way; and even when they call him a good man, they want thereby to push him aside.
The noble one wants to create something new, and a new virtue. The good one wants the old, and wants the old to be preserved.
But the danger for the noble one is not that he becomes a good one, but an insolent one, a mocker, a destroyer.
Ah, I have known noble ones who lost their highest hope. And then they slandered all high hopes.
Then they lived insolently in short pleasures, and they hardly set goals beyond the day.
“Spirit is also lust,” they said. Then the wings of their spirit broke. Now it crawls around and soils what it gnaws.
Once they thought they would become heroes: now they are lechers. The hero is a grief and a horror to them.
But by my love and hope I implore you: don’t throw away the hero in your soul! Keep your highest hope holy!
So Zarathustra spoke.
On the Preachers of Death.
There are preachers of death, and the earth is full of those who must be preached away from life.
The earth is full of the superfluous. Life is ruined by the far too many. Let them be lured out of this life with “eternal life”!
“Yellow”: that is what the preachers of death are called, or “black.” But I want to show you them in other colors too.
There are the terrible ones, who carry a beast of prey around inside them and have no choice except between cravings and tearing themselves apart. And even their cravings are still a tearing apart of themselves.
They haven’t even become human yet, these terrible ones. Let them preach turning away from life and depart themselves!
There are the consumptives of the soul. They’re barely born when they begin to die, and they long for teachings of weariness and renunciation.
They would gladly be dead, and we should approve of their wish! Let’s take care not to wake these dead or hurt these living coffins!
A sick person meets them, or an old man, or a corpse, and at once they say, “Life is refuted!”
But only they are refuted, and their eye, which sees only the one face of existence.
Wrapped in thick gloom and hungry for the little accidents that bring death, they wait, with their teeth clenched.
Or else they reach for candy and mock their own childishness as they do it: they hang their life on a straw and mock that they still hang on a straw.
Their wisdom goes: “Anyone who stays alive is a fool. But we are such fools! And that is the most foolish thing about life!”
“Life is only suffering,” others say, and they don’t lie. So make sure you stop! Make sure the life that is only suffering comes to an end!
And let the teaching of your virtue read: “You shall kill yourself! You shall steal yourself away!”
“Lust is a sin,” say some of those who preach death. “Let’s step aside and not conceive children!”
“Giving birth is hard work,” say the others. “Why go on giving birth? All you bring into the world is unhappy people!” And they too are preachers of death.
“Pity is what is needed,” say the third. “Take what I have! Take what I am! All the less does life bind me!”
If they were pitying to the bottom of their hearts, they would make their neighbors sick of life. Being wicked, that would be their true kindness.
But they want to get free of life. What do they care that they bind others even tighter with their chains and gifts!
And you too, for whom life is wild work and restlessness: aren’t you very tired of life? Aren’t you very ripe for the preaching of death?
All of you who love wild work, and what is quick, new, and strange: you put up badly with yourselves. Your hard work is flight, and a will to forget yourselves.
If you believed more in life, you would throw yourselves less at the moment. But you don’t have enough inside you to wait, and not even enough for laziness!
The voice of those who preach death sounds everywhere. And the earth is full of people to whom death must be preached.
Or “eternal life”: that is all the same to me, as long as they depart quickly!
That is what Zarathustra said.
On War and Warriors.
We don’t want to be spared by our best enemies, or by those we love from the bottom of our hearts either. So let me tell you the truth!
My brothers in war! I love you from the bottom of my heart. I am one of your kind, and always was. And I am also your best enemy. So let me tell you the truth!
I know the hatred and envy of your hearts. You are not great enough not to know hatred and envy. So be great enough not to be ashamed of them!
And if you can’t be saints of knowledge, then at least be its fighters. They are the companions and forerunners of that kind of holiness.
I see many soldiers. I wish I saw many fighters! “Uni-form” is what people call what they wear. May what they hide beneath it not be uni-form!
You should be the kind whose eye is always looking for an enemy, for your enemy. And some of you feel a hatred at first sight.
You should look for your enemy and wage your war, and wage it for your thoughts! And if your thought loses, your honesty should still cry out in triumph over it!
You should love peace as a means to new wars. And the short peace more than the long one.
I don’t advise you to work but to fight. I don’t advise you to make peace but to win. Let your work be a fight, let your peace be a victory!
You can only keep quiet and sit still when you have arrow and bow. Otherwise you chatter and quarrel. Let your peace be a victory!
You say it’s the good cause that makes even war holy? I tell you: it’s the good war that makes every cause holy.
War and courage have done more great things than love of neighbor. It was not your pity but your bravery that until now has saved the unfortunate.
What is good? you ask. To be brave is good. Let the little girls talk: “Being good is what is at once pretty and touching.”
They call you heartless; but your heart is genuine, and I love the shame of your warmth. You are ashamed of your flood, and others are ashamed of their ebb.
You are ugly? Well then, my brothers! Take the sublime around you, the cloak of the ugly!
And when your soul grows great, it grows arrogant, and there is malice in your loftiness. I know you.
In malice the arrogant and the weak meet. But they misunderstand each other. I know you.
You may have only enemies whom you must hate, but not enemies you may look down on. You must be proud of your enemy: then the successes of your enemy are also your successes.
Rebellion is a slave’s kind of nobility. Let your nobility be obedience! Let your very commanding be an obeying!
To a good fighter, “you shall” sounds more pleasant than “I will.” And everything that is dear to you, you should first have commanded to you.
Let your love of life be love of your highest hope; and let your highest hope be the highest thought of life!
But your highest thought you should let me command you, and it goes: the human being is something that is to be overcome.
So live your life of obedience and of war! What does a long life matter! What warrior wants to be spared!
I don’t spare you. I love you from the bottom of my heart, my brothers in war!
That is what Zarathustra said.
On the New Idol.
Somewhere there are still peoples and herds, but not with us, my brothers. With us there are states.
State? What is that? Well then! Now open your ears, for now I will tell you my word on the death of peoples.
State is what they call the coldest of all cold monsters. Coldly it lies too; and this lie crawls from its mouth: “I, the state, am the people.”
It’s a lie! Creators were the ones who made the peoples and hung a faith and a love over them. That is how they served life.
Destroyers are the ones who set traps for the many and call them “the state.” They hang a sword and a hundred desires over them.
Where a people still exists, it doesn’t understand the state and hates it as the evil eye and as a sin against customs and laws.
This sign I give you: every people speaks its own tongue of good and evil, and the neighbor does not understand it. It invented its language in its customs and laws.
But the state lies in all the tongues of good and evil; and whatever it says, it lies — and whatever it has, it has stolen.
Everything about it is false. It bites with stolen teeth, the biter. Even its insides are false.
Confusion of the tongues of good and evil: this sign I give you as the sign of the state. Truly, this sign points to the will to death! Truly, it beckons to the preachers of death!
Far too many are born: the state was invented for the superfluous!
Just look how it lures them to itself, the far-too-many! How it gulps them down and chews them and chews them over again!
“There is nothing greater on earth than I. I am the ordering finger of God.” That is how the monster roars. And it’s not only the long-eared and the short-sighted who sink to their knees!
Ah, even into you, you great souls, it whispers its gloomy lies! Ah, it guesses the rich hearts that like to squander themselves!
Yes, it guesses you too, you conquerors of the old God! You grew tired in the fight, and now your tiredness serves the new idol as well!
Heroes and honorable people are what it would like to line up around itself, the new idol! It likes to sun itself in the sunshine of good consciences, the cold monster!
It will give you everything if you worship it, the new idol. That is how it buys for itself the shine of your virtue and the look in your proud eyes.
It wants to use you as bait for the far-too-many! Yes, a hellish trick was invented there, a horse of death, jingling in the finery of divine honors!
Yes, a dying-for-many was invented there, which praises itself as life: truly, a service of the heart to all the preachers of death!
I call it state where everyone is a drinker of poison, good and bad alike: state, where everyone loses themselves, good and bad alike: state, where the slow suicide of all is called “life.”
Just look at these superfluous people! They steal for themselves the works of the inventors and the treasures of the wise. “Education” is what they call their theft, and everything turns into sickness and misery for them!
Just look at these superfluous ones! They are always sick; they vomit their bile and call it newspaper. They devour one another and cannot even digest themselves.
Just look at these superfluous people! They gain riches and become poorer with them. They want power, and first the crowbar of power, a lot of money, these incapable people!
Watch them climb, these nimble monkeys! They climb over each other and so drag each other down into the mud and the depths.
They all want to get to the throne: their madness is this, as if happiness sat on the throne! Often the mud sits on the throne — and often the throne sits on the mud.
To me they are all madmen and climbing monkeys and overheated people. Their idol, the cold monster, smells bad to me. They all smell bad to me together, these idol worshippers.
My brothers, do you want to suffocate in the fumes of their mouths and desires? Better to smash the windows and jump out into the open!
Get out of the way of the bad smell! Go away from the idol worship of the superfluous!
Get out of the way of the bad smell! Go away from the steam of these human sacrifices!
Even now the earth stands open to great souls. Many seats are still empty for those who are alone and those who are two together, around whom blows the scent of silent seas.
A free life still stands open to great souls. Truly, whoever owns little is possessed that much less. Praised be small poverty!
There, where the state ends, is where the human being who isn’t superfluous first begins. There the song of the necessary begins, the unique and irreplaceable tune.
There, where the state ends: look over there, my brothers! Don’t you see it, the rainbow and the bridges of the Overman?
That is what Zarathustra said.
On the Flies of the Marketplace.
Run away, my friend, into your solitude! I see you dazed by the noise of the great men and stung all over by the stings of the small.
Forest and rock know how to keep silent with you in a worthy way. Be like the tree you love again, the broad-branched one: quiet and listening, it hangs over the sea.
Where solitude ends, the marketplace begins; and where the marketplace begins, there also begins the noise of the great actors and the buzzing of the poisonous flies.
In the world even the best things are worth nothing without someone who first stages them. The people call these stagers great men.
The people understand little of what is great, that is, what creates. But they have a sense for all the stagers and actors of great things.
The world turns around the inventors of new values — turning unseen. But around the actors turn the crowd and the fame: that is how the world goes.
The actor has spirit, but little conscience of spirit. He always believes in whatever makes others believe most strongly, believes in himself!
Tomorrow he has a new belief, and the day after tomorrow a newer one. He has quick senses, like the people, and changeable weather.
Knocking over means proving, to him. Driving mad means convincing. And blood counts as the best of all reasons.
A truth that slips only into fine ears he calls a lie and nothing. Truly, he believes only in gods that make a great noise in the world!
The marketplace is full of solemn clowns, and the people boast of their great men! They are the masters of the hour to them.
But the hour presses them, and so they press you; and they want a yes or a no from you too. Woe, do you want to set your chair between yes and no?
Because of these unconditional, pressing people, don’t be jealous, you lover of truth! Truth has never yet hung on the arm of an unconditional person.
Because of these sudden people, go back into your safety. Only in the marketplace are you assaulted with Yes? or No?
Experience comes slowly to all deep wells. They have to wait a long time until they know what fell into their depths.
Everything great happens away from the marketplace and fame. Away from the marketplace and fame the inventors of new values have always lived.
Run away, my friend, into your solitude: I see you stung by poisonous flies. Run to where rough, strong air blows!
Flee into your solitude! You lived too close to the small and wretched. Flee from their invisible revenge! Against you they are nothing but revenge.
Don’t raise your arm against them any more! They are countless, and it isn’t your lot to be a fly swatter.
These small and pitiful ones are countless, and raindrops and weeds have already been the downfall of many a proud building.
You are not a stone, but you have already become hollow from many drops. I tell you, you will still break and burst from so many drops.
I see you worn out by poisonous flies, I see you scratched bloody in a hundred places, and your pride won’t even get angry.
They would like blood from you in all innocence. Their bloodless souls crave blood, and so they sting in all innocence.
But you, deep one, suffer too deeply even from small wounds; and before you have healed, the same poisonous worm crawled over your hand.
You are too proud, I think, to kill these nibblers. But take care that it doesn’t become your doom to bear all their poisonous wrong!
They buzz around you with their praise too. Their praising is pushiness. They want to be near your skin and your blood.
They flatter you as if you were a god or a devil. They whimper before you as before a god or a devil. What does it matter! They are flatterers and whimperers and nothing more.
They also often present themselves to you as lovable. But that was always the cleverness of cowards. Yes, cowards are clever!
They think a lot about you with their narrow souls, and to them you are always troubling! Everything that is thought over a lot becomes troubling.
They punish you for all your virtues. The only thing they truly forgive you is your mistakes.
Because you are gentle and just-minded, you say: “They are innocent of their small existence.” But their narrow soul thinks: “All great existence is guilt.”
Even when you are gentle with them, they still feel despised by you; and they repay your kindness with hidden injuries.
Your wordless pride always goes against their taste. They rejoice when you are, for once, modest enough to be vain.
What we recognize in a person, we also set alight in him. So beware of the small!
Before you they feel small, and their lowness smolders and glows against you in invisible revenge.
Did you not notice how often they fell silent when you came to them, and how their strength drained out of them like smoke from a dying fire?
Yes, my friend, you are a bad conscience to your neighbors, for they are unworthy of you. So they hate you and would gladly suck at your blood.
Your neighbors will always be poisonous flies; what is great in you must make them more poisonous and ever more flylike.
Run away, my friend, into your solitude, to where a rough, strong air blows. It isn’t your lot to be a fly swatter.
That is what Zarathustra said.
On Chastity.
I love the forest. It is bad to live in the cities: there are too many people in heat there.
Isn’t it better to fall into the hands of a murderer than into the dreams of a woman in heat?
And just look at these men: their eyes say it. They know nothing better on earth than to lie with a woman.
There is mud at the bottom of their souls; and woe if their mud even has spirit!
If only you were at least perfect as animals! But innocence belongs to the animal.
Am I advising you to kill your senses? I advise you toward innocence of the senses.
Am I advising you toward chastity? Chastity is a virtue in some, but in many it is almost a vice.
These people hold back, to be sure. But the she-dog Sensuality looks out with envy from everything they do.
Even into the heights of their virtue and right into their cold spirit this beast follows them, with its unrest.
And how prettily the bitch Sensuality knows how to beg for a piece of spirit when she is denied a piece of meat!
You love tragedies and everything that breaks the heart? But I am suspicious of your bitch.
Your eyes are too cruel, and you look lustfully at sufferers. Has not your lust merely disguised itself and called itself pity?
And I give you this parable too: not a few who wanted to drive out their devil went into the swine themselves.
Whoever finds chastity hard should be advised against it, so that it doesn’t become the road to hell, that is, to the mud and the heat of the soul.
Am I talking about dirty things? That isn’t the worst thing to me.
It isn’t when the truth is dirty but when it is shallow that the knower is unwilling to step into its water.
Truly, there are people who are chaste to the core. They are gentler in heart, and they laugh more gladly and more abundantly than you.
They laugh at chastity too, and ask: “What is chastity?”
“Isn’t chastity foolishness? But this foolishness came to us, and we didn’t go to it.
“We offered this guest lodging and heart. Now the guest lives with us. Let the guest stay as long as they want!”
That is what Zarathustra said.
On the Friend.
“There is always one too many around me,” so thinks the hermit. “Once one times one: in the long run that makes two!”
I and Me are always too eager in conversation. How would it be bearable if there were no friend?
For the hermit the friend is always the third: the third is the cork that keeps the conversation of the two from sinking into the depths.
Ah, there are too many depths for all hermits. That is why they long so much for a friend and for his height.
Our faith in others gives away where we would like to have faith in ourselves. Our longing for a friend is our betrayer.
And often you only want to leap over envy with love. And often you attack and make yourself an enemy, to hide that you can be attacked.
“At least be my enemy!” That is what true reverence says, which doesn’t dare to ask for friendship.
If you want to have a friend, you must also be willing to wage war for your friend. And to wage war, you must be able to be an enemy.
You should still honor the enemy in your friend. Can you step right up to your friend without going over to your friend’s side?
In your friend you should have your best enemy. You should be closest to them with your heart when you resist them.
You don’t want to wear any clothes in front of your friend? It’s supposed to be an honor to your friend that you show yourself as you are? But your friend wishes you to the devil for it!
Whoever makes no secret of himself causes outrage: you have so much reason to fear nakedness! Yes, if you were gods, you would have reason to be ashamed of your clothes!
You can’t dress up beautifully enough for your friend, for you are to be an arrow for your friend and a longing for the Overman.
Have you already seen your friend sleeping, so that you could learn what he looks like? What else is your friend’s face? It is your own face, in a rough and imperfect mirror.
Have you already seen your friend sleeping? Were you not frightened that your friend looks like that? Oh, my friend, the human being is something that must be overcome.
A friend should be a master at guessing and at keeping silent. You must not want to see everything. Your dream should tell you what your friend does when awake.
Let your pity be a kind of guessing, so that you first find out whether your friend wants pity. Perhaps what your friend loves in you is the unbroken eye and the look of eternity.
Let your pity for your friend hide under a hard shell; you should break a tooth on him. That way it will have its refinement and its sweetness.
Are you pure air and solitude and bread and medicine to your friend? Many a person cannot loosen his own chains, and yet he is a redeemer to his friend.
Are you a slave? Then you can’t be a friend. Are you a tyrant? Then you can’t have friends.
For too long a slave and a tyrant have hidden in woman. That is why woman is not yet capable of friendship: she knows only love.
In woman’s love there is injustice and blindness toward everything she does not love. And even in woman’s knowing love there is still ambush, lightning, and night alongside the light.
Woman is not yet capable of friendship: women are still cats, and birds. Or at best, cows.
Woman is not yet capable of friendship. But tell me, you men: which of you is capable of friendship?
Oh, the poverty of you men, and the stinginess of your souls! As much as you give to your friend, I will give even to my enemy, and I won’t have become any poorer for it.
There is comradeship. May there be friendship!
That is what Zarathustra said.
On a Thousand Goals and One.
Zarathustra saw many lands and many peoples, and so he discovered the good and evil of many peoples. Zarathustra found no greater power on earth than good and evil.
No people could live without first valuing things. But if a people wants to preserve itself, it must not value things the way its neighbor does.
Much that one people called good, another people called scorn and disgrace. That is what I found. Much that I found called evil in one place was dressed in purple honors in another.
One neighbor never understood another. Each soul was always amazed at the neighbor’s delusion and wickedness.
A tablet of goods hangs over every people. Look, it is the tablet of its overcomings; look, it is the voice of its will to power.
What a people finds hard is praised. What is indispensable and hard is called good. And what still frees a people from its greatest need, the rare thing, the hardest thing, that it praises as holy.
Whatever makes a people rule and win and shine, to the horror and envy of its neighbor: that it counts as the highest thing, the first thing, the measure, the meaning of all things.
Truly, my brother, once you have understood a people’s need and land and sky and neighbor, you can probably guess the law of its overcomings, and why on this ladder it climbs toward its hope.
“Always you shall be the first and rise above the others: your jealous soul shall love no one except the friend” — this made a Greek’s soul tremble; and thereby he walked his path of greatness.
“To speak the truth, and to handle bow and arrow well.” That seemed both dear and hard to the people my name comes from, the name that is both dear and hard to me.
“To honor father and mother, and to do their will down to the root of the soul.” Another people hung this table of overcoming over itself, and became powerful and everlasting with it.
“To practice loyalty, and for loyalty’s sake to stake honor and blood even on evil and dangerous things.” By teaching itself this, another people overcame itself, and by overcoming itself it became pregnant and heavy with great hopes.
Truly, human beings gave themselves all their good and evil. Truly, they did not take it, they did not find it, and it did not fall to them as a voice from heaven.
Values were first placed in things by human beings, to preserve themselves: they first gave things meaning, a human meaning! That is why they call themselves “human,” that is: the valuer.
Valuing is creating: hear this, you creators! Valuing itself is the treasure and jewel of all valued things.
Only through valuing is there value; and without valuing, the nut of existence would be hollow. Hear this, you creators!
A change of values is a change of creators. Whoever has to be a creator always destroys.
Peoples were the first creators, and only late were individuals. Truly, the individual is itself still the youngest creation.
Peoples once hung a tablet of the good over themselves. Love that wants to rule and love that wants to obey together created such tablets.
The pleasure in the herd is older than the pleasure in the I. And as long as the good conscience is called herd, only the bad conscience says: I.
Truly, the cunning I, the loveless one, that wants its own advantage in the advantage of many: that is not the origin of the herd, but its downfall.
They were always lovers, and creators, who created good and evil. The fire of love glows in the names of all the virtues, and so does the fire of wrath.
Zarathustra saw many lands and many peoples: no greater power did Zarathustra find on earth than the works of lovers. “Good” and “evil” is their name.
Truly, the power of this praising and blaming is a monster. Tell me, my brothers: who will tame it for me? Tell me, who will throw the fetter over this beast’s thousand necks?
A thousand goals there have been so far, for there have been a thousand peoples. Only the fetter of the thousand necks is still missing, the one goal. Humanity has no goal yet.
But tell me, my brothers: if humanity still lacks a goal, doesn’t it also still lack itself?
That is what Zarathustra said.
On Love of Neighbor.
You crowd around your neighbor and have beautiful words for it. But I tell you: your love of neighbor is your bad love of yourselves.
You flee to your neighbor from yourselves and would like to make a virtue of it: but I see through your “selflessness.”
The You is older than the I; the You has been declared holy, but the I not yet. So human beings press toward the neighbor.
Do I advise you to love your neighbor? I would sooner advise you to flee from your neighbor and to love the farthest!
Higher than love of neighbor is love of the farthest and the future; higher still than love of human beings is love of things and of specters.
This specter that runs ahead of you, my brother, is more beautiful than you. Why do you not give it your flesh and your bones? But you are afraid, and run to your neighbor.
You cannot bear yourselves and do not love yourselves enough: now you want to tempt the neighbor into love and gild yourselves with his error.
I wish you could not bear all sorts of neighbors and their neighbors; then you would have to create your friend and his overflowing heart out of yourselves.
You invite a witness when you want to speak well of yourselves; and once you have tempted him to think well of you, you think well of yourselves.
Not only does the person lie who speaks against what they know, but even more the person who speaks against what they don’t know. And that is how you speak of yourselves in company, and lie to your neighbor with yourselves.
So says the fool: “Dealing with people ruins character, especially if you have none.”
One person goes to the neighbor because they are looking for themselves, and another because they would like to lose themselves. Your bad love of yourselves turns your solitude into a prison.
It is the more distant ones who pay for your love of neighbor; and even when five of you are together, a sixth must always die.
I do not love your festivals either: I found too many actors there, and the spectators often behaved like actors too.
I don’t teach you the neighbor, but the friend. Let the friend be the festival of the earth for you, and a foretaste of the Overman.
I teach you the friend and the friend’s overfull heart. But you have to know how to be a sponge, if you want to be loved by overfull hearts.
I teach you the friend, in whom the world stands finished, a bowl of the good: the creating friend, who always has a finished world to give away.
And just as the world unrolled for him, so it rolls back up for him in rings: as the becoming of the good through evil, as the becoming of purposes out of chance.
Let the future and the farthest be the cause of your today: in your friend you should love the overman as your cause.
My brothers, I don’t advise you to love your neighbor. I advise you to love the farthest.
That is what Zarathustra said.
On the Way of the Creator.
Do you want to go into isolation, my brother? Do you want to look for the way to yourself? Wait a little longer and listen to me.
“Whoever seeks easily loses himself. All isolation is guilt,” so says the herd. And you belonged to the herd for a long time.
The voice of the herd will still sound in you too. And when you say, “I no longer share one conscience with you,” it will be a lament and a pain.
Look, this pain itself was born from that one conscience. And the last glimmer of that conscience still glows on your sorrow.
But you want to walk the path of your sorrow, which is the way to yourself? Then show me your right and your strength for it!
Are you a new strength and a new right? A first movement? A wheel that rolls of its own accord? Can you also compel the stars to turn around you?
Ah, there is so much lust for height! There are so many convulsions of the ambitious! Show me that you aren’t one of the lustful and ambitious!
Ah, there are so many great thoughts that do no more than a bellows: they puff up and leave things emptier.
You call yourself free? I want to hear your ruling thought, and not that you have escaped a yoke.
Are you someone who was allowed to escape a yoke? There are people who threw away their last worth when they threw away their servitude.
Free from what? What does Zarathustra care about that! But your eye should tell me brightly: free for what?
Can you give yourself your good and your evil, and hang your will above you like a law? Can you be your own judge and the avenger of your law?
Terrible is solitude with the judge and avenger of one’s own law. So a star is hurled out into empty space and into the icy breath of solitude.
Today you still suffer from the many, you one. Today you still have your courage whole, and your hopes.
But one day solitude will make you weary; one day your pride will bend and your courage will grind its teeth. One day you will cry: “I am alone!”
One day you will no longer see your heights, and your lowlands will be too close; even your sublime will frighten you like a specter. One day you will cry: “Everything is false!”
There are feelings that want to kill the lonely person. If they don’t succeed, well, then they themselves must die! But are you able to be a murderer?
Do you already know the word “contempt,” my brother? And the torment of your justice, of being just to those who despise you?
You force many to change their opinion of you, and they hold that hard against you. You came close to them and still passed by: that they never forgive you.
You step beyond them; but the higher you climb, the smaller the eye of envy sees you. Most of all, however, the one who flies is hated.
“How could you be just to me!” you must say. “I choose your injustice as the portion measured out to me.”
They throw injustice and filth at the lonely one; but, my brother, if you want to be a star, you must shine on them no less for that!
And beware of the good and the just! They gladly crucify those who invent their own virtue; they hate the lonely one.
Beware also of holy simple-mindedness! Everything that isn’t simple is unholy to it. It likes to play with fire too: the stake.
And beware also of the attacks of your love! The lonely person reaches out a hand too quickly to anyone they meet.
To many a person you must not give your hand, only your paw; and I want your paw to have claws too.
But the worst enemy you can meet will always be yourself; you lie in wait for yourself in caves and forests.
Lonely one, you are going the way to yourself! And your way leads past yourself and past your seven devils!
You will be a heretic to yourself, and a witch, and a fortune-teller, and a fool, and a doubter, and an unholy one, and a villain.
You must want to burn yourself in your own flame. How could you become new if you haven’t first become ashes!
Lonely one, you walk the path of the creator: you want to create a god for yourself out of your seven devils!
Lonely one, you are going the way of the lover. You love yourself, and that is why you despise yourself, the way only lovers despise.
The lover wants to create because they despise! What does anyone know of love who didn’t have to despise exactly what they loved!
Go into your isolation with your love and with your creating, my brother. And only late will justice limp after you.
Go into your solitude with my tears, my brother. I love the one who wants to create beyond himself and so goes under. —
That is what Zarathustra said.
On Old and Young Women.
“Why do you creep so shyly through the dusk, Zarathustra? And what do you carefully hide under your cloak?
“Is it a treasure that was given to you? Or a child that was born to you? Or are you yourself walking the paths of thieves now, you friend of the wicked?”
Truly, my brother! said Zarathustra, it is a treasure that was given to me. It is a small truth that I carry.
But it is unruly like a young child. And if I don’t hold its mouth shut, it screams much too loud.
When I walked alone on my way today, at the hour when the sun sets, an old little woman met me and spoke to my soul like this:
“Zarathustra has said much to us women too, but he has never spoken to us about woman.”
And I answered her: “About woman one should speak only to men.”
“Speak to me about woman too,” she said. “I am old enough to forget it right away.”
And I did what the old woman wished and spoke to her like this:
Everything about woman is a riddle, and everything about woman has one solution: its name is pregnancy.
A man is a means for a woman. The end is always the child. But what is a woman for a man?
A true man wants two things: danger and play. That is why he wants woman, as the most dangerous plaything.
A man should be raised for war and a woman for the recreation of the warrior. Everything else is foolishness.
The warrior does not like overly sweet fruits. That is why he likes woman; even the sweetest woman is still bitter.
A woman understands children better than a man does, but a man is more childlike than a woman.
In the genuine man a child is hidden, and it wants to play. Come on, you women, discover the child in the man for me!
Let woman be a toy, pure and fine, like a gem, shining with the virtues of a world that isn’t here yet.
Let the ray of a star shine in your love! Let your hope be: “May I give birth to the Overman!”
Let there be courage in your love! With your love you should go straight at the one who frightens you!
Let your honor be in your love! Woman otherwise understands little about honor. But let this be your honor: always to love more than you are loved, and never to be second.
The man should fear woman when she loves: then she brings every sacrifice, and every other thing is worth nothing to her.
Let the man fear the woman when she hates: for at the bottom of the soul a man is only evil, but a woman is bad there.
Whom does woman hate most? Thus spoke the iron to the magnet: “I hate you most, because you attract but are not strong enough to draw me to you.”
A man’s happiness is: I want. A woman’s happiness is: he wants.
“Look, the world has just now become perfect!” That is what every woman thinks when she obeys out of complete love.
And woman must obey and find a depth to match her surface. Surface is woman’s disposition: a restless, stormy skin on shallow water.
But a man’s heart is deep, his stream roars in underground caves. A woman senses his strength but doesn’t understand it.
Then the old little woman answered me: “Zarathustra said many pleasant things, and especially to those who are young enough for them.”
“It is strange: Zarathustra knows little about women, and yet he is right about them! Is it because with woman nothing is impossible?
“And now take a small truth as thanks! I am old enough for it!
“Wrap it up and hold its mouth shut: otherwise it screams much too loud, this small truth.”
“Woman, give me your small truth!” I said. And the old woman said:
“You are going to women? Don’t forget the whip!”
That is what Zarathustra said.
On the Adder’s Bite.
One day Zarathustra had fallen asleep under a fig tree, because it was hot, and had laid his arms over his face. Then a viper came and bit him in the neck, so that Zarathustra cried out in pain. When he had taken his arm from his face, he looked at the serpent: it recognized Zarathustra’s eyes, coiled clumsily, and wanted to get away. “Not at all,” said Zarathustra; “you have not yet accepted my thanks! You woke me in time; my way is still long.” “Your way is short,” said the viper sadly; “my poison kills.” Zarathustra smiled. “When has a dragon ever died of a serpent’s poison?” he said. “But take your poison back! You are not rich enough to give it to me.” Then the viper fell around his neck once more and licked his wound.
When Zarathustra once told this to his disciples, they asked: “And what, oh Zarathustra, is the moral of your story?” Zarathustra answered them thus:
The good and the just call me the destroyer of morality: my story is immoral.
But if you have an enemy, don’t repay evil with good, for that would shame the enemy. Instead prove that the enemy has done you some good.
And better to be angry than to shame! And when you are cursed, I don’t like it that you then want to bless. Better to curse back a little!
And if a great wrong is done to you, then quickly add five small ones to it for me! Terrible to look at is the one who is crushed by wrong alone.
Did you know this already? A shared wrong is half a right. And the one who can bear the wrong should take it on themselves!
A small revenge is more human than no revenge at all. And if punishment is not also a right and an honor for the one who transgresses, then I do not like your punishing either.
It is nobler to put yourself in the wrong than to insist on being right, especially when you are right. You just have to be rich enough for it.
I don’t like your cold justice. And out of the eye of your judges I always see the executioner and his cold iron looking at me.
Tell me, where is justice found, which is love with seeing eyes?
So invent for me the love that bears not only all punishment but also all guilt!
So invent for me the justice that acquits everyone except the one who judges!
Do you also want to hear this? For the one who wants to be just through and through, even lying becomes a kindness toward human beings.
But how could I want to be just from the ground up! How can I give each person what is theirs! Let this be enough for me: I give each person what is mine.
Finally, my brothers, beware of doing wrong to any hermits! How could a hermit forget! How could a hermit pay back!
A hermit is like a deep well. It is easy to throw a stone into it; but if the stone has sunk to the bottom, who will bring it back up, tell me?
Beware of insulting the hermit! But if you did, well, then kill the hermit too!
That is what Zarathustra said.
On Child and Marriage.
I have a question for you alone, my brother. I throw this question like a plumb line into your soul, so that I can know how deep it is.
You are young and wish for a child and marriage. But I ask you: are you a person who is allowed to wish for a child?
Are you the victorious one, the self-conqueror, the master of the senses, the lord of your virtues? That is what I ask you.
Or does the animal speak out of your wish, and need? Or loneliness? Or discord with yourself?
I want your victory and your freedom to long for a child. You should build living monuments to your victory and your liberation.
You should build beyond yourself. But first you must be built yourself, for me, square in body and soul.
You should not only propagate yourselves onward, but upward! Let the garden of marriage help you to that!
You should create a higher body, a first movement, a wheel that rolls of its own accord: you should create a creator.
Marriage: that is what I call the will of two to create the one that is more than those who created it. Reverence for one another, as for those who will such a will, I call marriage.
That is the meaning and the truth of your marriage. But what the all-too-many call marriage, these superfluous ones, ah, what do I call that?
Ah, this poverty of soul for two! Ah, this filth of soul for two! Ah, this pitiful comfort for two!
They call all this marriage. And they say their marriages were made in heaven.
Well, I don’t like it, this heaven of the superfluous! No, I don’t like them, these animals tangled in the heavenly net!
Keep far from me the god too who comes limping up to bless what he did not join together!
Don’t laugh at such marriages! What child wouldn’t have reason to weep over its parents?
This man seemed worthy and ripe for the meaning of the earth; but when I saw his wife, the earth seemed to me a house for fools.
Yes, I wished the earth would quake with convulsions whenever a saint and a goose pair with each other.
This one went out like a hero in search of truths, and in the end he caught for himself a small dressed-up lie. He calls it his marriage.
That one was aloof in company and choosy in his choosing. But all at once he ruined his company for good. He calls it his marriage.
That one looked for a maid with the virtues of an angel. But all at once he became the maid of a woman, and now it would be necessary for him to become an angel on top of that.
I find all buyers careful now, and all of them have sly eyes. But even the slyest buys his wife in a sack.
Many short follies: that is what you call love. And your marriage puts an end to many short follies by means of one long stupidity.
Your love of woman and woman’s love of man: ah, if only it were compassion for suffering and veiled gods! But mostly two animals guess at each other.
But even your best love is only a rapturous metaphor and a painful glow. It is a torch that should light you to higher ways.
Beyond yourselves you should one day love! So learn to love first! And that is why you had to drink the bitter cup of your love.
There is bitterness in the cup even of the best love. That is how it makes longing for the Overman, that is how it makes thirst in you, the creator!
Thirst for the creator, arrow and longing for the overman: tell me, my brother, is this your will to marriage?
I call such a will and such a marriage holy.
That is what Zarathustra said.
On Free Death.
Many die too late, and some die too early. The teaching “die at the right time” still sounds strange.
Die at the right time: that is what Zarathustra teaches.
Of course, whoever never lives at the right time, how could he ever die at the right time? If only he had never been born! So I advise the superfluous.
But even the superfluous make a great fuss about their dying, and even the hollowest nut still wants to be cracked.
Everyone takes dying seriously; but death is still no festival. Human beings have not yet learned how to consecrate the most beautiful festivals.
I show you the death that fulfills, which becomes a spur and a vow for the living.
The one who fulfills dies their own death, victorious, surrounded by those who hope and vow.
So one should learn to die; and there should be no festival where such a dying person does not consecrate the oaths of the living!
To die like this is best. The second best is to die in battle and to squander a great soul.
But hateful to the fighter as to the victor is your grinning death, which sneaks up like a thief and yet comes as a master.
I praise my death to you, the free death, which comes to me because I want it.
And when will I want it? Whoever has a goal and an heir wants death at the right time for the sake of goal and heir.
And out of reverence for goal and heirs, he will no longer hang withered wreaths in the sanctuary of life.
Truly, I don’t want to be like the rope-makers: they draw out their thread and always walk backward themselves.
Some also grow too old for their truths and victories; a toothless mouth no longer has the right to every truth.
And whoever wants fame must take leave of honor in good time and practice the hard art of going at the right time.
You have to stop letting yourself be eaten when you taste best. Those know this who want to be loved for a long time.
There are sour apples, of course, whose lot is to wait until the last day of autumn. And all at once they become ripe, yellow, and wrinkled.
In some the heart grows old first, in others the mind. And some are old in youth. But whoever is young late stays young long.
Life turns out badly for some. A poison worm eats its way into their heart. So let them see to it that their dying turns out all the better.
Some never become sweet. They rot in the summer already. It is cowardice that holds them to their branch.
Far too many live, and far too long they hang on their branches. Let a storm come that shakes all this rotten, worm-eaten fruit from the tree!
If only preachers of fast death would come! Those would be the right storms and shakers of the trees of life for me! But I only hear slow death preached, and patience with everything “earthly.”
Ah, you preach patience with the earthly? It is this earthly that has too much patience with you, you blasphemers!
Truly, that Hebrew died too early, the one whom the preachers of slow death honor. And for many it has been a doom ever since that he died too early.
He knew only tears and the melancholy of the Hebrew, along with the hatred of the good and the just, the Hebrew Jesus. Then the longing for death overcame him.
If only he had stayed in the desert, far from the good and the just! Perhaps he would have learned to live and to love the earth, and to laugh with it!
Believe me, my brothers! He died too early; he himself would have recanted his teaching had he reached my age! He was noble enough to recant!
But he was still unripe. A youth loves unripely, and unripely hates human beings and earth too. In a youth the heart and the wings of the mind are still tied down and heavy.
But there is more child in a man than in a youth, and less melancholy: he understands death and life better.
Free for death and free in death, a holy sayer of No when it is no longer time for Yes: that is how he understands death and life.
That your dying may be no slander against humanity and earth, my friends: that I ask of the honey of your soul.
In your dying your spirit and your virtue should still glow, like a sunset glow around the earth. Or else your dying has turned out badly for you.
So I want to die myself, so that you, my friends, love the earth more for my sake; and I want to become earth again, so that I may rest in her who bore me.
Truly, Zarathustra had a goal: he threw his ball. Now you are the heirs of my goal; to you I throw the golden ball.
More than anything I like to see you, my friends, throw the golden ball! And so I will linger a little longer on earth. Forgive me for it!
That is what Zarathustra said.
On the Giving Virtue.
1 When Zarathustra had said goodbye to the city that his heart was fond of, whose name is “the Colorful Cow,” many who called themselves his disciples followed him and accompanied him. So they came to a crossroads. There Zarathustra told them that he now wanted to go alone, for he was a friend of going alone. But his disciples gave him a staff as a parting gift, on whose golden handle a snake coiled around the sun. Zarathustra was pleased with the staff and leaned on it. Then he spoke to his disciples like this:
Tell me: how did gold come to the highest value? Because it is uncommon and useless and shining and mild in its gleam. It always gives itself away.
Gold came to the highest value only as an image of the highest virtue. The look of the giver shines like gold. The gleam of gold makes peace between moon and sun.
The highest virtue is uncommon and useless, it shines and is mild in its gleam: the highest virtue is a giving virtue.
Truly, I can guess you well, my disciples: like me, you strive for the giving virtue. What would you have in common with cats and wolves?
This is your thirst: to become offerings and gifts yourselves. And that is why you thirst to heap up all riches in your soul.
Your soul strives insatiably for treasures and jewels, because your virtue is insatiable in its wish to give.
You force all things to you and into you, so that they may flow back out of your well as the gifts of your love.
Truly, such loving giving must become a robber of all values; but I call this selfishness healthy and holy.
There is another selfishness, a far too poor one, a hungry one, which always wants to steal: that selfishness of the sick, the sick selfishness.
With the thief’s eye it looks at everything that shines. With the greed of hunger it measures the one who has plenty to eat. And it always sneaks around the table of the givers.
Sickness speaks out of such craving, and invisible degeneration. The thieving greed of this selfishness speaks of a sickly body.
Tell me, my brothers: what do we count as bad, and as the worst? Isn’t it degeneration? And we always suspect degeneration where the giving soul is missing.
Our way goes upward, from species across to over-species. But the degenerating mind is a horror to us, the mind that says: “Everything for me.”
Our mind flies upward: so it is a metaphor for our body, a metaphor of a rising. The names of the virtues are metaphors of such risings.
That is how the body goes through history, a becoming one and a fighting one. And the spirit, what is it to the body? The herald of its battles and victories, its companion and echo.
All names of good and evil are metaphors. They don’t say it outright, they only beckon. A fool who wants knowledge from them!
Pay attention, my brothers, to every hour when your spirit wants to speak in parables: there is the origin of your virtue.
Your body is then raised up and resurrected; with its delight it enchants the spirit, so that it becomes creator and valuer and lover and benefactor of all things.
When your heart wells up broad and full, like a stream, a blessing and a danger to those who live along its banks: there is the origin of your virtue.
When you are exalted above praise and blame, and your will wants to command all things as a lover’s will does: there is the origin of your virtue.
When you despise what is pleasant and the soft bed, and cannot make your bed far enough away from the soft ones: there is the origin of your virtue.
When you are willers of one will, and you call this turning point of all need necessity: there is the origin of your virtue.
Truly, it is a new good and evil! Truly, a new deep murmuring and the voice of a new spring!
It is power, this new virtue. It is a ruling thought, and around it a clever soul: a golden sun, and around it the snake of knowledge.
2 Here Zarathustra was silent for a while and looked lovingly at his disciples. Then he went on speaking, and his voice had changed.
Stay faithful to the earth, my brothers, with the power of your virtue! Let your giving love and your knowledge serve the meaning of the earth. So I ask and implore you.
Do not let them fly away from the earthly and beat their wings against eternal walls! Ah, there has always been so much virtue that has flown away!
Lead, as I do, the flown-away virtue back to the earth, yes, back to body and life: so that it gives the earth its meaning, a human meaning!
A hundred times so far both spirit and virtue have flown astray and blundered. Ah, in our body all this delusion and error still lives: it has become body and will there.
A hundred times so far both spirit and virtue have tried and gone astray. Yes, the human being was an experiment. Ah, much ignorance and error has become body in us!
Not only the reason of thousands of years, but also their madness breaks out in us. It is dangerous to be an heir.
We are still fighting step by step with the giant Chance, and over all of humanity so far nonsense has ruled, the no-sense.
Let your spirit and your virtue serve the meaning of the earth, my brothers, and let the worth of all things be set anew by you! For that you shall be fighters! For that you shall be creators!
Knowing, the body purifies itself. Trying with knowledge, it raises itself. For the one who knows, all drives become holy. For the one who is raised, the soul becomes glad.
Physician, heal yourself: then you help your patient too. Let this be the patient’s best help, to see with their own eyes the one who heals themselves.
There are a thousand paths that have never been walked, a thousand healths and hidden islands of life. Unexhausted and undiscovered are still human beings and the human earth.
Wake and listen, you lonely ones! From the future winds come with secret beating of wings. And good news goes out to fine ears.
You lonely ones of today, you who have separated yourselves, you shall one day be a people: out of you, who have chosen yourselves, a chosen people shall grow, and out of it, the overman.
Truly, the earth shall yet become a place of healing! And already a new scent lies around it, one that brings health, and a new hope!
3 When Zarathustra had said these words, he fell silent, like one who has not yet said his last word; for a long time he weighed the staff doubtfully in his hand. At last he spoke thus, and his voice had changed.
I am going alone now, my disciples! You too are going away now, and alone! That is how I want it.
Truly, I advise you: go away from me and defend yourselves against Zarathustra! And better still: be ashamed of him! Perhaps he deceived you.
The person of knowledge must be able not only to love his enemies, but also to hate his friends.
One repays a teacher poorly if one remains only a pupil. And why do you not want to pluck at my wreath?
You revere me. But what if your reverence one day falls over? Take care that a statue doesn’t strike you dead!
You say you believe in Zarathustra? But what does Zarathustra matter! You are my believers: but what do all believers matter!
You had not yet sought yourselves: then you found me. That is how all believers do it; that is why faith means so little.
Now I bid you lose me and find yourselves; and only when you have all denied me will I return to you.
Truly, my brothers, I will then look for my lost ones with different eyes. I will then love you with a different love.
And one day you shall become my friends, and children of one hope: then I want to be with you a third time, so that I may celebrate the great noon with you.
And this is the great noon, when the human being stands at the midpoint of his path between animal and overman, and celebrates his way to evening as his highest hope: for it is the way to a new morning.
Then the one who goes under will bless themselves for being one who goes over. And the sun of their knowledge will stand at noon for them.
“All gods are dead: now we want the Overman to live.” Let this be our last will one day at the great noon!
That is what Zarathustra said.
About this section
Part 1 Discourses is part of Thus Spoke Zarathustra by Friedrich Nietzsche. This page sets the German original beside 2 direct-source translations, so any line can be checked against the source. It is part 2 of 5 in the work, which is kept in the European tradition.
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