Persian · sacred hymns · c. 1200–1000 BCE

The Gāthās of Zarathushtra

Zarathushtra (traditional attribution) — Avestan

Complete work · 17 hymns · 2 complete translations

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Mouseia Musean translation Mouseia’s complete machine-assisted Musean translation, made directly from all 17 Old Avestan Gāthās, comprising 255 numbered sections and five invocations in the pinned Geldner witness for fidelity, clarity, structure, imagery, and cadence.

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Mouseia Plain English translation Mouseia’s complete Plain English edition, made independently and directly from all 17 Old Avestan Gāthās, comprising 255 numbered sections and five invocations in the pinned Geldner witness.

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