Section 327
Original German
327 Die Tapferkeit ist für sich eine formelle Tugend, weil sie die höchste Abstraction der Freyheit von allen besonderen Zwecken, Besitzen, Genuß und Leben, aber diese Negation auf eine äußerlich-wirkliche Weise, und die Entäußerung, als Vollführung, an ihr selbst nicht geistiger Natur ist, die innere Gesinnung dieser oder jener Grund und ihr wirkliches Resultat auch nicht für sich und nur für andere seyn kann.
Musean translation
Machine-assisted Musean translation made directly from Hegel's German in the Berlin Nicolai first edition, dated 1821. Complete preface, introduction and sections 1–360, including the author's remarks and notes; no later Gans additions.
327 Bravery is for itself a formal virtue, because it is the highest abstraction of freedom from all particular purposes, possessions, enjoyment and life, but this negation in an externally actual way, and the relinquishment, as accomplishment, is not in itself of a spiritual nature; the inner disposition may be this ground or that, and its actual result also cannot be for itself and can be only for others.
Plain English translation
Independent machine-assisted Plain English translation made directly from the German first-edition source, not from the Musean edition or an existing English translation. Complete preface, introduction and sections 1–360 with the author's remarks and notes.
327 Bravery is in itself a formal virtue, because it is the highest abstraction of freedom from all particular purposes, possessions, enjoyment and life, but this negation takes place in an externally actual way, and because the giving up, as something carried out, is not in itself of a spiritual nature. The inner attitude behind it may be this ground or that, and its actual result can also not be for itself, but only for others.
About this section
Section 327 is part of Elements of the Philosophy of Right by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. This page sets the German original beside 2 direct-source translations, so any line can be checked against the source. It is section 329 of 362 in the work, which is kept in the European tradition.
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