Chinese · philosophy · 4th c. BCE
Daodejing
Complete work · 81 chapters · 3 complete translations
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Mouseia
Musean translation
Mouseia’s complete machine-assisted Musean translation, made directly from the original source for fidelity, modern clarity, beauty, symbolism, and structure.
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OpenTao
Plain English translation
Complete CC BY 4.0 translation made directly from the received Chinese text; source line structure preserved.
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James Legge (1891)
Historical edition
Complete public-domain translation made directly from the original source text.
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