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Ipuwer (attributed) · Complete work

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Original Egyptian

2.1 𓇾𓏤𓈇𓌨𓂋𓄥𓄿𓇋𓇋𓏛𓂡𓀀𓏥[⯑]𓊃𓀀𓏤𓂋𓋴𓂓𓄿𓅱𓍁𓌸𓂡𓈖𓆑𓇋𓆎𓅓𓅱𓄛𓏤𓆑𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓅱𓀁𓋴𓆑𓂉𓀀𓏥𓁷𓏤𓆓𓂧𓊃𓈖𓇋𓇋𓅪 […] [⯑] […]tꜣ ẖr zmꜣ,y(t) šm z r skꜣ n =f ⟨ẖr⟩ jkm =f jw ms sf.pl ḥr ḏd sny […] […]-ḥr […]

2.2 𓅓𓈖𓏏𓏭𓃹𓈖𓏛𓀀𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓁷𓏤𓉻𓂝𓄿𓂧𓅱𓏛𓂡𓌔𓏏𓏤𓀀𓎼𓂋𓍅𓏛[⯑]𓅓𓊨𓏏𓉐𓎟𓏏𓂜𓈖𓊃𓀀𓏤𓈖𓋴𓆑𓇳𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁[⯑] […] 𓅓𓊨𓏏𓉐𓎟𓏏m n,tj-wn jw ms ḥr ꜥꜣd.w pḏ,t(j) grg ꜥḏꜣ m s,t nb.t nn z n(,j) sf jw ms ḥꜣq.w […] ⸢m⸣ s,t nb.t

2.3 𓅡𓎡𓀀𓌨𓂋𓏭𓏛 […] 𓎁𓏏𓏏𓂡𓀀𓂋[⯑]𓆑𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓎛𓂝𓊪𓏭𓈘𓈗𓈘𓈇𓅆𓁷𓏤𓎛𓂡𓂡𓂡𓈗𓂜𓋴𓂓𓄿𓅱𓍁𓌸𓂡𓏏𓅱𓈖𓆑𓊃𓀀𓏤𓎟𓁷𓏤𓂜𓂋𓐍𓏛𓈖𓏥𓆣𓂋𓏏𓏥𓆱𓐍𓏏𓂻𓇾𓏤𓈇bꜣk ẖrı͗ ⟨…⟩ jṯ(,w) r gmi̯(.t) =f jw ms ḥꜥpj ḥr ḥwi̯ n skꜣ⟨.n⟩ =tw n =f z nb ḥr n rḫ =n ḫpr.t ḫt tꜣ

2.4 𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓈞𓏏𓁐𓏥𓅱𓈙𓂋𓅨𓂜[⯑]𓏏𓅱𓂜𓀨𓂡𓈖𓎸𓅓𓅱𓅆𓅓𓂝𓋴𓐍𓂋𓏛𓏥𓇾𓏤𓈇𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓈙𓍯𓄿𓅱𓅱𓀢𓅪𓏥𓆣𓂋𓅓𓎟𓅱𓏥𓀻𓋴𓋴𓏛𓏥𓏏𓍃𓅓𓁹𓏏𓈖𓆑jw ms ḥm,t.pl wšr⟨.tj⟩ n jw[r].n =tw n qd.n H̱nm,w m-ꜥ sḫr.pl tꜣ jw ms š⸢wꜣ,w.pl⸣ ⸢ḫpr⸣ m nb.w.pl špss tm jri̯.t n =f

2.5 𓏏𓃀𓏏𓋸𓋸𓅓𓎟𓊢𓂝𓇤𓏤𓏛𓏥𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓍛𓏤𓀀𓏥𓇋𓂋𓏭𓄣𓏤𓏥𓋴𓈖𓏥𓊃𓈖𓌰𓅓𓅯𓅪𓏥𓈖𓌢𓌢𓏛𓈖𓀙𓅱𓀀𓏥𓂋𓍿𓀀𓏥𓋴𓈖𓏥𓈖𓉔𓅓𓅱𓀁𓏥𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁[⯑]𓌂𓅓𓅱𓂡𓇋𓄿𓂧𓏏𓀗𓏥tb,t.du m nb ꜥḥꜥ(,w) jw ms ḥm.pl jr,j jb.pl =sn snm n snsn.n sr.w.pl r(m)ṯ.pl =sn n⸢hm.w⸣ jw ms [jb] sḫm jꜣd,t

2.6 [⯑]𓇾𓏤𓈇𓊃𓈖𓆑𓂐𓏥𓅓𓊨𓏏𓉐𓎟𓈖𓅓𓏏𓀏𓃹𓈖𓐍𓇋𓇋𓏏𓍼𓏤𓁷𓏤𓆓𓂧𓂜𓏏𓎡𓈖𓂻𓇋𓅓𓋴𓏏𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓅓𓏏𓀏𓏥𓆈𓏥𓈎𓂋𓋴𓅱𓀿𓂡𓅓𓇋𓏏𓅱𓂋𓈗𓈘𓈇𓏤𓈖𓍇𓏌𓅱𓇋𓇋𓈗𓈘𓈇ḫt tꜣ snf m s,t nb(.t) ⟨nn⟩ ⟨gꜣ,w⟩ n(,j) mwt wnḫ,yt ḥr ḏd n⟨n⟩ tkn jm =st jw ms mwt.pl ꜥšꜣ qrs m jtwr nw,y

2.7 𓅓𓇉𓄿𓏏𓉐𓆣𓂋𓇋𓋴𓃂𓈗𓏏𓉐𓅓[⯑]𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓀻𓋴𓅱𓀀𓏥𓅓𓈖𓐍𓅱𓏏𓀁𓏥𓈙𓍯𓄿𓅱𓅱𓀢𓅪𓏥𓀀𓌨𓂋𓏭𓏛𓂋𓈙𓅱𓏏𓂉𓏛𓏥𓊖𓏏𓏤𓎟𓁷𓏤𓇋𓅓𓅓𓂝𓂧𓂋𓂡𓈖𓏥𓅓𓅓𓂝𓈖𓏥m ḥꜣ,t ḫpr js wꜥb,t m [n]w,y jw ms ⸢šps,w.pl⸣ m nḫ,wt šwꜣ,w⟨.pl⟩ ⸢ẖri̯⸣ rš,wt nʾ,t nb(.t) ḥr jmm dr =n ⟨qn.pl⟩ m-m =n

2.8 𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓂋𓍿𓀀𓁐𓏥𓏇𓇋𓅠𓅓𓅱𓅯𓏥𓊄𓃀𓅱𓐎𓏥𓆱𓐍𓏏𓂻𓇾𓏤𓈇𓂜𓈖𓄟𓋴𓀁𓌉𓆓𓇳𓎛𓃀𓋴𓅱𓍱𓏥𓅓𓅯𓄿𓂋𓎡𓇳𓇋𓅱𓇾𓏤𓈇𓁷𓏤𓄟𓋴𓈖𓎛𓂽𓏇𓇋𓁹𓂋𓅘𓎛𓊪𓈙jw ms r(m)ṯ.pl mj ⸢gm⸣.w.pl zb,w ḫt tꜣ nn ms ḥḏ ḥbs,w m pꜣ rk jw [ms] tꜣ ḥr msnḥ mj jrr nḥp

2.9 𓂝𓍯𓄿𓇋𓇋𓅪𓀀𓅓𓎟𓊢𓂝𓇤𓏤𓏛𓏥𓅓𓇉𓄿𓈎𓅱𓂡𓀀𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓎡𓆑𓄿𓅱𓄖𓏛𓏥𓄣𓏤𓀀𓏥𓏇𓇋[⯑] […] [⯑]𓈖𓆓𓊃𓅪𓀀𓁷𓐡𓂡𓅱𓏏𓁹𓇋𓇋𓀀𓅓𓂝ꜥwꜣ,y m nb ꜥḥꜥ(,w) ⸮[ḫpr]? m ḥꜣq,w jw ms ⸢kfꜣ.pl-jb.pl⸣ ⸮⸢mj⸣? ꜣ__ […] [s]⸢ḏd⸣ ⸢nḏ⸣s ḥr{.wt}⟨.wj⟩ jri̯.y =j m

2.10 𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓇋𓏏𓂋𓅱𓈗𓈘𓈇𓏤𓅓𓊃𓈖𓆑𓂐𓏥𓋴𓅨𓂋𓇋𓈗𓀁𓏏𓅱𓇋𓅓𓆑𓈖𓇋𓇋𓅱𓂢𓂡𓏏𓅱𓅓𓂋𓍿𓀀𓁐𓏥𓇋𓃀𓃙𓈗𓂡𓏏𓅱𓈗𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓋴𓃀𓐍𓏏𓉧𓉐𓏥𓅱𓆼𓄿𓅱𓆱𓏥𓇥𓂋𓇋𓅱𓏏𓆱𓏥𓄿𓅓𓅓𓊮jw ms jtr,w m snf swrj =tw jm =f nyw =tw m r(m)ṯ.pl jbi̯ =tw mw jw ms sbḫ,t.pl wḫꜣ.w.pl ḏr,jwt.pl ꜣmm

2.11 𓇥𓂋𓅱𓏏𓉐𓈖𓇓𓏏𓈖𓅆𓉐𓏤𓋹𓍑𓋴𓏠𓈖𓏛[⯑]𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓋴𓅱𓉔𓄿𓃩𓂡𓂧𓊪𓏏𓊛𓇔𓈇𓏥𓐍𓃀𓅯𓄿𓌸𓂡[⯑]𓇗𓀗𓊖𓆣𓂋[⯑]𓆄𓅱𓇋𓇋𓅪𓏥ḏr,wt n pr-nsw ꜥnḫ-(w)ḏꜣ-s(nb) mn rdw jw ms swhꜣ dp,t ⸢rsj⸣ ⸢ḫbꜣ⸣ nʾ,t[.pl] ⸢Šmꜥ,w⸣ ḫpr [m] [qꜣ],y.pl šwi̯.y

2.12 𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁[⯑]𓂜𓎁𓏏𓏏𓂡𓈖𓋴𓈖𓏥𓈝𓅓𓂻𓈖𓋴𓈖𓏥𓂋𓍿𓀀𓁐𓏥𓆓𓊃𓏥𓇋𓂋𓏭𓌉𓏴𓅪𓊪𓅱𓈖𓆓𓂧𓏏𓅱𓅓𓂧𓎼𓄿𓋴𓂾𓂻𓉻𓈐𓅓𓂝𓎡𓋴𓏭jw ms msḥ.⸢pl⸣ [⸮ḥr?] ⟨ꜣfj(.t)⟩ n jṯi̯.n =sn šm n =sn r(m)ṯ.pl ḏs.pl jr,j ḥḏ pw n(,j) ⟨tꜣ⟩ ḏd =tw m dgꜣs ꜥꜣ m =k sj

2.13 𓍲𓏌𓅱𓀗𓅓𓂝𓎡𓐍𓈖𓂧𓂾𓂻𓏏𓅱[⯑]𓏇𓇋𓂋𓅓𓅱𓆟𓏥 […] 𓂜𓏏𓈖𓏌𓅱𓌙𓅯𓏛𓇓𓅱𓅾𓀁𓀀𓅓𓂝𓁷𓂋𓇋𓇋𓐡𓂡𓏥𓄣𓏤𓇋𓅱𓄟𓋴𓀁𓂋𓍿𓀀𓁐𓏥𓂝𓈖𓂧𓅱𓅪𓂞𓂞𓌢𓀀𓆑𓅓𓇾𓏤𓈇⟨m⟩ šn,w m =k ḫnd =tw ⸢sḫt⸣ mj rm.pl […] n tni̯ sw snḏ,w m-ꜥ ḥr,y(t) jb jw ms r(m)ṯ.pl ꜥnd.w ḏḏ sn =f m tꜣ

2.14 𓅓𓊨𓏏𓉐𓎟𓏏𓌃𓂧𓅱𓀁𓏥[⯑][⯑]𓆑 […] [⯑]𓆑𓂜𓅱𓆓𓆑𓄿𓅱𓅯𓂻[⯑]𓄟𓋴𓀁𓅭𓏤𓊃𓀀𓏤𓎟𓏏𓎼𓄿𓅱𓐎𓅪𓋷𓄿𓀁𓆑𓆣𓂋𓄟𓋴𓀗𓎟𓏏𓆑𓅓𓅭𓀀𓍛𓏏𓏤𓁐𓆑m s,t nb.t mdw.pl ⸢rḫ,w-ḫ,t⸣ ⸮[wꜥr]? =f […] ⸮[jwi̯]? =f n⟨n⟩ ⸢wḏfꜣ⸣ [j]w ms zꜣ-z ⸢nb{.t}⸣ ⸢gꜣ.w⸣ sjꜣ =f ḫpr ms nb,t =f m zꜣ ḥm,t =f

Musean translation

Mouseia’s complete machine-assisted Musean translation, made directly from the Egyptian, line for line, covering all seventeen columns of the recto of Papyrus Leiden I 344, the only surviving copy, working from the Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae transcription (hieroglyphs, transliteration and lemma glosses, with the TLA editors’ German sentence renderings as a comprehension aid; ORAEC release of the TLA corpus, CC BY-SA 4.0).

2.1 The land is in arms over the armed band; a man goes out to plow his field, carrying his shield. Indeed, the gentle say: "Suffering […]"; the […] -faced man […]

2.2 is a man of substance. Indeed, the face is pale; the bowman is settled; wrong is done in every place; there is no man of yesterday. Indeed, the plunderer is everywhere […]

2.3 The servant carries […] but the thief will find him! Indeed, the flood rises, yet no one plows for it. Every man says: "We do not know what has happened throughout the land."

2.4 Indeed, the women are barren; none conceive. Khnum cannot fashion because of the state of the land. Indeed, the poor have become owners of precious things; he who could not make for himself

2.5 sandals is an owner of wealth. Indeed, the servants thereof: their hearts are saddened. Officials do not keep company with their people, who are jubilant. Indeed, the heart is fierce; pestilence

2.6 is throughout the land. Blood is in every place; there is no lack of death. Mummy-bandages call out, and no one comes near them. Indeed, the many dead are buried in the river; the flood is a grave,

2.7 the tomb has become the flood. Indeed, the rich are in lamentation, the poor are in joy. Every town says: "Let us drive out the strong among us!"

2.8 Indeed, people are like black ibises; filth is throughout the land, and no one is white of clothing in this age. Indeed, the land spins around like a potter's wheel;

2.9 the robber is an owner of wealth, become a plunderer. Indeed, the trusted ones are like […]; the commoner cries out: "How terrifying! What shall I do?"

2.10 Indeed, the river is blood: one drinks of it; people are thrust aside, thirsting for water. Indeed, porches, pillars and partition walls are burnt,

2.11 yet the foundation of the King's House, life, prosperity, health, endures and stands firm. Indeed, the ship of the south is in uproar; towns are hacked apart; Upper Egypt has become empty fields.

2.12 Indeed, the crocodiles gorge, but do not seize, for men go to them of their own accord. It is the ruin of the land, one says: "Do not step here; it is a net!"

2.13 One still treads upon the trap like fish […], for the fearful man cannot tell it apart, such is the terror of his heart. Indeed, people are few; the man who lays his brother in the earth is everywhere;

2.14 In every place the speech of the wise [is hasty], without hesitation. Indeed, the well-born son: his recognition is lacking; the child of his lady becomes the son of her maidservant.

Plain English translation

Mouseia’s complete Plain English edition, made independently and directly from the same Egyptian text, line for line, covering all seventeen columns of the recto of Papyrus Leiden I 344, the only surviving copy.

2.1 […] the land under bands of men. A man goes to plow his field carrying his shield. Indeed, the gentle say, “Poverty […].” […]-faced man […].

2.2 […] is a man of means. Indeed, faces are pale; the foreign bowman has settled here. Wrongdoing is everywhere. There is no one left from yesterday. Indeed, looters […] everywhere.

2.3 The servant carries […], and the thief will find him. Indeed, the flood waters the fields, but no one plows for it. Everyone says, “We don't know what has happened throughout the land.”

2.4 Indeed, women have dried up and cannot conceive. Khnum cannot create because of the state of the land. Indeed, the poor now own valuables. The man who could not make himself

2.5 sandals now owns wealth. Indeed, the servants' hearts are sad. Officials no longer meet with their people, who cry out. Indeed, the heart has grown fierce. Disease

2.6 is throughout the land; blood is everywhere. There is no shortage of death. Mummy wrappings say, “Do not come near.” Indeed, many dead people are buried in the river, and the flood

2.7 is a grave: a tomb has become a flood. Indeed, the rich mourn and the poor rejoice. Every town says, “Let us drive the powerful people out from among us.”

2.8 Indeed, people are like ibises; filth is throughout the land, and no one's clothes are white now. Indeed, the land spins like a potter's wheel.

2.9 A robber now owns wealth and has become a looter. Indeed, the trusted men are like […]. A common man says, “How frightening! What can I do?”

2.10 Indeed, the river is blood, yet people drink from it. They push people aside while thirsting for water. Indeed, the porticoes, pillars, and wooden walls are burned,

2.11 but the foundations of the king's house remain firm and strong. Indeed, the southern ship is breaking apart, towns are cut up, and Upper Egypt has become empty high ground.

2.12 Indeed, the crocodiles are feeding but catch nothing; people go to them themselves. This is the ruin of the land, for people say, “Don't step here! Look, it's

2.13 a net!” Look, people step into the trap like fish […]. A frightened man cannot make it out because his heart is full of fear. Indeed, there are few people. The man who puts his brother in the ground

2.14 is everywhere. The words of the wise man come quickly […] without delay. Indeed, every well-born son lacks recognition; the child of his mistress becomes the son of his servant woman.

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