Arthur Schopenhauer
Arthur Schopenhauer was a German philosopher born in Danzig, now Gdańsk. His principal work, The World as Will and Representation, appeared in 1818 with an 1819 title-page date. Drawing on Kant, Plato and Indian philosophy, he described a world driven by restless striving, with relief in art, compassion and the denial of the will. His later collection Parerga and Paralipomena (1851) includes Aphorisms on the Wisdom of Life, a practical account of character, possessions, reputation and the conduct of life.