Chapter 27

The Lord of the Splendid Beard Rides a Thousand Miles Alone; The Marquis of Hanshou Slays Six Generals at Five Passes

Now among all the officers under Cao Cao, apart from Zhang Liao, only Xu Huang was on close terms with Guan Yu, though all the others respected and admired him. Cai Yang alone refused to submit to Guan Yu’s superiority; therefore, when he heard that Guan Yu had departed that day, he wished to pursue and stop him. Cao Cao said, “He does not forget his former lord, and his coming and going are both open and honorable. He is a true man of valor. You should all take him as your example.” He then angrily ordered Cai Yang to withdraw and forbade him to give chase. Cheng Yu said, “The Prime Minister treated Guan Yu with extraordinary generosity, yet now he has left without taking leave, presuming to affront your august authority with a few disorderly words on a scrap of paper. His crime is grave indeed. If he is allowed to return to Yuan Shao, it will be like adding wings to a tiger. Better to pursue and kill him, thereby removing a future danger.” Cao Cao said, “I gave him my word long ago. How can I now break faith? Each man serves his own lord. Do not pursue him.” Then he said to Zhang Liao, “Yun Chang sealed up the gold and hung up his seal. Riches could not stir his heart, nor rank and emolument alter his purpose. Such a man commands my deepest respect. I imagine he has not gone far. I shall go once more to show him my friendship and do him a final kindness. Ride ahead and ask him to wait. I will come to see him off and present him with traveling expenses and a campaign robe as mementos for the days to come.” Zhang Liao accepted the command and rode ahead alone. Cao Cao followed with several dozen horsemen.

Now the Red Hare ridden by Yun Chang could travel a thousand li in a day, and ordinarily no one could have overtaken it. But because he wished to escort the carriages, he dared not give the horse its head and instead rode slowly with a tight rein. Suddenly he heard someone behind him shout, “Yun Chang, ride more slowly!” Looking back, he saw Zhang Liao spurring toward him. Lord Guan ordered the carriages and attendants to press onward along the main road, while he himself reined in Red Hare, steadied the Green Dragon Saber, and asked, “Wenyuan, can it be that you have come to pursue me and take me back?” Zhang Liao replied, “No. The Prime Minister, learning that you were setting out on a long journey, wished to come and see you off. He sent me ahead especially to ask Your Excellency to wait. He has no other intention.” Lord Guan said, “Even if the Prime Minister comes with his mailed cavalry, I am resolved to fight them to the death!” Thereupon he halted his horse on the bridge and watched. He saw Cao Cao galloping toward him with several dozen riders; behind him came Xu Chu, Xu Huang, Yu Jin, Li Dian, and the rest.

When Cao Cao saw Lord Guan sitting his horse on the bridge with saber leveled, he ordered his officers to rein in their mounts and spread out on either side. Lord Guan saw that none of them carried weapons in hand, and only then did he set his mind at ease. Cao Cao said, “Yun Chang, why do you travel in such haste?” Lord Guan inclined himself in the saddle and replied, “I reported to the Prime Minister before that my former lord was in Hebei, and I could not help but hasten to him. I called at your residence several times but was unable to gain an audience, so I wrote a letter of farewell, sealed up the gold, hung up my seal, and returned them to the Prime Minister. I trust you have not forgotten the words you spoke in former days.” Cao Cao said, “I desire to win the confidence of all beneath Heaven. How could I break my former promise? Fearing that you might lack funds upon the road, I have specially prepared traveling expenses to see you on your way.” An officer at once held out from horseback a tray of gold. Lord Guan said, “I have repeatedly received your generous gifts and still possess more than enough. Keep this gold to reward your officers and soldiers.” Cao Cao said, “This is only a trifling recompense for the merest fraction of your great services. Why must you refuse it?” Lord Guan said, “My paltry labors are scarcely worth mentioning.” Cao Cao smiled and said, “Yun Chang is a righteous knight without equal beneath Heaven. I regret only that my fortune is too meager to keep you. Here is a brocade robe, a small token of my regard.” He ordered an officer to dismount and bring the robe forward in both hands. Fearing some sudden treachery, Yun Chang dared not dismount. Instead, he lifted the brocade robe on the point of his Green Dragon Saber and draped it over his shoulders. Then he turned his horse, offered thanks, and said, “I am grateful for the robe bestowed by the Prime Minister. May we meet again another day.” With that, he descended from the bridge and rode northward. Xu Chu said, “This man is insufferably discourteous. Why do we not seize him?” Cao Cao replied, “He is one man on one horse, while we number several dozen. How could he help being suspicious? My word has been given. He must not be pursued.” Cao Cao then led his officers back to the city, sighing and reflecting upon Yun Chang all along the road.

No more of Cao Cao’s return. Let us speak instead of Lord Guan, who rode on to overtake the carriages. After traveling some thirty li, he still had not seen them. Yun Chang grew alarmed and galloped about searching in every direction. Suddenly he saw a man on a hilltop, shouting, “General Guan, wait!” Yun Chang raised his eyes and saw a young man in a yellow turban and brocade robe, holding a spear and mounted on horseback, with a severed head hanging beneath his horse’s neck. Leading more than a hundred foot soldiers, he came racing forward. Lord Guan asked, “Who are you?” The young man cast aside his spear, dismounted, and bowed prostrate on the ground. Fearing a trick, Yun Chang held his horse in check, gripped his saber, and asked, “Brave sir, be pleased to state your name.” The man replied, “I am a native of Xiangyang. My surname is Liao, my given name Hua, and my courtesy name Yuanjian. Because of the disorder of the age, I became a wanderer among the rivers and lakes. I gathered a band of more than five hundred men and lived by plunder. Just now my companion Du Yuan descended the mountain on patrol and mistakenly carried the two ladies up to our stronghold. I questioned their attendants and learned that they were the wives of Imperial Uncle Liu of the Great Han. I also heard that you, General, were escorting them nearby, and I wished at once to send them down the mountain. But Du Yuan spoke insolently, so I killed him. I now offer you his head and beg forgiveness.” Lord Guan asked, “Where are the two ladies?” Liao Hua replied, “They are in the mountain stronghold.” Lord Guan ordered him to bring them down at once. Before long, more than a hundred men came forward surrounding the carriages. Lord Guan dismounted, set aside his saber, clasped his hands before the carriage, and asked, “My two sisters-in-law, were you frightened?” The two ladies said, “Had General Liao not protected us, Du Yuan would already have dishonored us.” Lord Guan asked the attendants, “How did Liao Hua save the ladies?” They replied, “After Du Yuan carried them up the mountain, he proposed that he and Liao Hua each take one as wife. Liao Hua questioned us about their identity and showed them the greatest reverence. Du Yuan would not relent, and Liao Hua killed him.” Hearing this, Lord Guan bowed his thanks to Liao Hua. Liao Hua wished to take his men and escort Lord Guan, but Lord Guan reflected that the man was, after all, a remnant of the Yellow Turbans and was not yet fit to be his companion, so he declined the offer with thanks. Liao Hua again bowed and offered him gold and silk, but Lord Guan would not accept them either. Liao Hua took his leave with another bow, led his followers away, and disappeared among the mountain valleys.

Yun Chang told his two sisters-in-law how Cao Cao had presented him with the robe, then urged the carriages onward. At nightfall they sought lodging at a country estate. The master came out to welcome them. His hair and beard were entirely white, and he asked, “General, what are your surname and given name?” Lord Guan saluted and said, “I am Guan, the younger brother of Liu Xuande.” The old man said, “Can you be Lord Guan, who slew Yan Liang and Wen Chou?” Lord Guan replied, “I am.” Overjoyed, the old man invited him into the estate. Lord Guan said, “There are also two ladies in the carriages.” The old man at once called out his wife and daughters to welcome them. When the two ladies reached the thatched hall, Lord Guan stood beside them with hands clasped. The old man invited him to sit, but Lord Guan said, “My honored sisters-in-law are present. How could I dare take a seat?” The old man therefore had his wife and daughters invite the two ladies into the inner rooms and attend to them, while he himself entertained Lord Guan in the thatched hall. Lord Guan asked the old man’s name. The old man replied, “My surname is Hu and my given name Hua. During the reign of Emperor Huan, I served as a court counselor, but I retired from office and returned to my native place. I have a young son, Hu Ban, who is now an administrative officer under Wang Zhi, Prefect of Xingyang. If you pass that way, General, I have a letter I would like you to deliver to my son.” Lord Guan agreed.

After breakfast the next morning, Lord Guan invited his two sisters-in-law to enter their carriages, took Hu Hua’s letter, and bade his host farewell. He then followed the road toward Luoyang. Ahead lay a pass called Dongling Pass. Its commander was Kong Xiu, who guarded the earthen ridge with five hundred soldiers. That day, when Lord Guan escorted the carriages up the ridge, the soldiers reported his arrival to Kong Xiu, who came out of the pass to meet him. Lord Guan dismounted and exchanged courtesies with him. Kong Xiu said, “Where are you going, General?” Lord Guan replied, “I have taken leave of the Prime Minister and am going to Hebei in search of my elder brother.” Kong Xiu said, “Yuan Shao of Hebei is the Prime Minister’s sworn enemy. Since you are going there, you must surely have a travel warrant from the Prime Minister.” Lord Guan said, “Because my departure was urgent, I had no time to obtain one.” Kong Xiu said, “Since you have no warrant, I must send someone to report to the Prime Minister before I can allow you to pass.” Lord Guan said, “If I wait while you report, my journey will certainly be delayed.” Kong Xiu said, “The law binds me. I cannot do otherwise.” Lord Guan said, “Then you will not let me through the pass?” Kong Xiu replied, “If you wish to pass, leave the women and other dependents behind as hostages.” Lord Guan flew into a rage, raised his saber, and made to kill Kong Xiu. Kong Xiu retreated within the pass, beat the drum to assemble his troops, donned his armor, mounted his horse, and charged down from the pass, shouting, “Do you dare force your way through?” Lord Guan ordered the carriages to withdraw, then spurred forward with saber raised. Without exchanging another word, he charged straight at Kong Xiu. Kong Xiu leveled his spear to meet him. The two horses crossed, and in a single bout the steel saber flashed: Kong Xiu’s corpse lay beneath his horse. His troops turned to flee. Lord Guan cried, “Soldiers, do not run! I killed Kong Xiu only because I had no choice. This has nothing to do with you. Let your many mouths carry word to Prime Minister Cao that Kong Xiu sought to harm me, and therefore I killed him.” The soldiers all bowed before his horse.

Lord Guan then brought the two ladies’ carriages through the pass and set out for Luoyang. Soldiers had already reported the matter to Han Fu, Prefect of Luoyang. Han Fu hastily assembled his officers for consultation. His lieutenant Meng Tan said, “Since he has no warrant from the Prime Minister, he is traveling without authorization. If we do not stop him, we shall certainly be held responsible.” Han Fu said, “Lord Guan is fierce and valiant. Yan Liang and Wen Chou were both slain by him. We cannot oppose him by force; we must capture him by stratagem.” Meng Tan said, “I have a plan. First block the gateway with chevaux-de-frise. When he arrives, I will lead troops out to engage him, then feign defeat and lure him into pursuit. You can shoot him with a hidden arrow. Once Guan falls from his horse, we shall seize him and send him under guard to Xudu, and we are certain to receive a rich reward.” When their plans were settled, a messenger reported that Lord Guan’s carriages had arrived. Han Fu strung his bow and set an arrow ready, then led a thousand horse and foot soldiers to form ranks at the gateway. He called out, “Who comes there?” Lord Guan inclined himself in the saddle and said, “I am Guan, Marquis of Hanshou Village. I beg leave to pass.” Han Fu said, “Do you have a warrant from Prime Minister Cao?” Lord Guan replied, “My affairs were pressing, and I did not obtain one.” Han Fu said, “By the Prime Minister’s august command, I guard this place and am charged especially with examining spies who come and go. Anyone without a warrant is a fugitive.” Lord Guan angrily said, “Kong Xiu of Dongling Pass has already been slain by me. Do you too seek death?” Han Fu cried, “Who will capture him for me?” Meng Tan rode out, whirling a pair of sabers, and charged Lord Guan. Lord Guan ordered the carriages to withdraw and spurred forward to meet him. Before three bouts had passed, Meng Tan wheeled his horse and fled. Lord Guan pursued. Meng Tan had counted only on luring Lord Guan after him, never imagining that Lord Guan’s horse was so swift. Lord Guan overtook him almost at once and cut him in two with a single stroke. As Lord Guan reined around to return, Han Fu, concealed beside the gateway, drew with all his strength and loosed an arrow, striking Lord Guan squarely in the left arm. Lord Guan pulled the arrow out with his teeth, though blood continued to pour from the wound, and galloped straight at Han Fu, scattering the troops. Han Fu tried to dodge aside but was too slow. Lord Guan’s hand rose and his saber fell, cleaving him from head through shoulder and striking him from his horse. He routed the soldiers and returned to protect the carriages.

Lord Guan tore silk into strips and bound up his arrow wound. Fearing ambush along the road, he dared not linger, but traveled through the night toward Sishui Pass. The commander of that pass was a native of Bingzhou named Bian Xi, who was skilled with the meteor hammer. Originally a remnant of the Yellow Turbans, he had later submitted to Cao Cao and been assigned to guard the pass. When he learned that Lord Guan was approaching, he devised a plan. At the Temple of the Guardian of the Realm before the pass, he concealed more than two hundred swordsmen and axemen. He intended to entice Lord Guan into the temple, then strike a cup as the signal for them to murder him. When all was arranged, he went out of the pass to welcome Lord Guan. Seeing Bian Xi come to meet him, Lord Guan dismounted and exchanged greetings. Bian Xi said, “Your name shakes the realm, General. Who does not honor and admire you? Now you are returning to the Imperial Uncle, and thereby fully display your loyalty and righteousness!” Lord Guan related how he had slain Kong Xiu and Han Fu. Bian Xi said, “You were right to kill them, General. When I see the Prime Minister, I shall explain the whole matter on your behalf.” Lord Guan was delighted. They mounted together, passed through Sishui Pass, and dismounted before the Temple of the Guardian of the Realm. The monks rang the bell and came out to welcome them. Now the Temple of the Guardian of the Realm had been founded by imperial command as a place of worship in the reign of Emperor Ming of Han, and more than thirty monks resided there. Among them was one from Lord Guan’s own native district, whose religious name was Pujing. Pujing already knew what Bian Xi intended. He stepped forward, saluted Lord Guan, and asked, “General, how many years have passed since you left eastern Pu?” Lord Guan replied, “Almost twenty years.” Pujing said, “Do you still recognize this poor monk?” Lord Guan replied, “I have been away from home for many years and cannot recognize you.” Pujing said, “My family home and yours were separated only by a river.” When Bian Xi heard Pujing speaking of their ties as fellow countrymen, he feared that the secret might be betrayed and berated him: “I wish to invite the general to a feast. What right have you, a monk, to say so much?” Lord Guan said, “That is not so. When men from the same homeland meet, how can they fail to speak of old ties?”

Pujing invited Lord Guan to take tea in the abbot’s quarters. Lord Guan said, “The two ladies are in their carriages. Tea should first be offered to them.” Pujing ordered tea to be served to the ladies first, then invited Lord Guan into the abbot’s quarters. With one hand Pujing lifted the monastic knife hanging at his side, while fixing Lord Guan with his eyes. Lord Guan understood his meaning and ordered his attendants to take up their weapons and follow close behind. Bian Xi invited Lord Guan to the banquet spread in the Dharma Hall. Lord Guan said, “Master Bian, do you invite me with good intentions or evil?” Before Bian Xi could answer, Lord Guan caught sight of swordsmen and axemen concealed behind the wall hangings. He roared at Bian Xi, “I took you for a good man! How dare you act like this?” Knowing that his plot had been exposed, Bian Xi shouted, “Men, strike!” The ambushers were just about to attack when Lord Guan drew his sword and cut them down. Bian Xi fled from the hall and ran around the gallery. Lord Guan cast aside his sword, seized his great saber, and pursued. Bian Xi secretly drew out his flying hammer and hurled it at Lord Guan. Lord Guan knocked the hammer aside with his saber, closed upon Bian Xi, and split him in two with a single stroke. He then turned back at once to see to his two sisters-in-law. Soldiers had already surrounded them, but when they saw Lord Guan coming, they fled in every direction. Lord Guan drove them off, then thanked Pujing, saying, “Had it not been for you, Reverend Master, this villain would have killed me.” Pujing replied, “This poor monk can no longer remain here. I shall gather my robe and alms bowl and wander elsewhere. We shall meet again if fate permits. Take care of yourself, General.” Lord Guan thanked him, escorted the carriages onward, and set out for Xingyang.

Wang Zhi, Prefect of Xingyang, was related to Han Fu by marriage. When he heard that Lord Guan had killed Han Fu, he plotted to murder him in secret and sent men to guard the gateway. When Lord Guan arrived, Wang Zhi came out of the pass to meet him with a cheerful smile. Lord Guan told him of his journey in search of his elder brother. Wang Zhi said, “You have traveled hard upon the road, General, and the ladies are weary from riding in their carriages. Please enter the city and rest for one night at the posthouse. It will not be too late to resume your journey tomorrow.” Seeing that Wang Zhi appeared exceedingly cordial, Lord Guan brought his two sisters-in-law into the city. Everything had been prepared at the posthouse. Wang Zhi invited Lord Guan to a banquet, but Lord Guan declined to attend, so Wang Zhi had the feast sent to the posthouse. Wearied by the hardships of the road, Lord Guan waited until his two sisters-in-law had eaten, then settled them in the main chamber to rest. He ordered the attendants to find quarters of their own and feed the horses well. Lord Guan also removed his armor and lay down to rest.

Now Wang Zhi secretly summoned his administrative officer Hu Ban and gave him these orders: “Guan has deserted the Prime Minister, and on the road he has killed both a prefect and officers guarding the passes. His capital crimes are grave! Yet his martial prowess makes him impossible to oppose. Tonight, muster one thousand soldiers and surround the posthouse, each man carrying a torch. At the third watch, set fire to it from every side. No matter who is inside, burn them all to death! I shall personally lead troops in support.” Hu Ban accepted the command, assembled the soldiers, and secretly had dry firewood and kindling carried to the entrance of the posthouse, arranging a fixed time for the attack. Then Hu Ban thought, “I have long heard the name of Guan Yun Chang, but I do not know what manner of man he is. I shall go and look at him.” He entered the posthouse and asked an attendant, “Where is General Guan?” The man replied, “He is the one reading in the main hall.” Hu Ban stole up before the hall and saw Lord Guan seated at a table beneath the lamplight, stroking his beard with his left hand as he read. At the sight, Hu Ban involuntarily exclaimed, “Truly, he is a godlike man!” Lord Guan asked who was there. Hu Ban entered, bowed, and said, “I am Hu Ban, an administrative officer under the Prefect of Xingyang.” Lord Guan said, “Can you be the son of Hu Hua, who lives outside Xudu?” Hu Ban replied, “I am.” Lord Guan called an attendant to take the letter from his baggage and give it to Hu Ban. After reading it, Hu Ban sighed, “I nearly killed a loyal and worthy man by mistake!” He then secretly warned Lord Guan: “Wang Zhi harbors wicked designs and means to kill you, General. He has secretly ordered men to surround the posthouse on every side and set it afire at the third watch. I shall go ahead now and open the city gate. You must make haste, gather your people, and leave the city.” Lord Guan was greatly alarmed. He hurriedly donned his armor, took up his saber, mounted his horse, and asked his two sisters-in-law to enter their carriages. When they all left the posthouse, they indeed saw soldiers waiting with torches in hand. Lord Guan hastened to the city wall and found the gate already open. He urged the carriages swiftly out of the city. Hu Ban returned to set the fire. Lord Guan had traveled less than several li when the blaze of torches shone behind him and troops came in pursuit. At their head, Wang Zhi shouted, “Guan, do not flee!” Lord Guan reined in his horse and cursed him: “Wretch! I have no enmity with you. Why did you send men to burn me alive?” Wang Zhi spurred his horse, leveled his spear, and charged straight at Lord Guan. Lord Guan struck him across the waist with a single stroke and cut him in two. The pursuing troops scattered. Lord Guan urged the carriages to make all speed, and throughout the journey he remained deeply grateful to Hu Ban.

When Lord Guan reached the border of Huazhou, someone reported his arrival to Liu Yan. Liu Yan led several dozen horsemen out of the city to welcome him. Lord Guan inclined himself in the saddle and said, “Prefect, have you been well since last we parted?” Liu Yan replied, “Where do you now intend to go?” Lord Guan said, “I have taken leave of the Prime Minister and am going in search of my elder brother.” Liu Yan said, “Xuande is with Yuan Shao, and Yuan Shao is the Prime Minister’s enemy. How can you be permitted to go there?” Lord Guan replied, “The matter was agreed upon long ago.” Liu Yan said, “The crossing at the Yellow River is now guarded by Qin Qi, a subordinate of Xiahou Dun. I fear he will not allow you to pass.” Lord Guan said, “Can you furnish me with boats, Prefect?” Liu Yan replied, “Though boats are available, I dare not furnish them.” Lord Guan said, “When I slew Yan Liang and Wen Chou, I also relieved you of danger. Today I ask for no more than a ferryboat, yet you refuse me. Why?” Liu Yan said, “I fear only that if Xiahou Dun learns of it, he will certainly punish me.” Lord Guan saw that Liu Yan was a useless man, so he urged the carriages onward by himself. When he reached the Yellow River crossing, Qin Qi led troops out and demanded, “Who comes there?” Lord Guan replied, “I am Guan, Marquis of Hanshou Village.” Qin Qi asked, “Where do you intend to go?” Lord Guan said, “I wish to cross into Hebei and seek my elder brother Liu Xuande. I respectfully ask passage.” Qin Qi said, “Where is the Prime Minister’s written order?” Lord Guan replied, “I am not subject to the Prime Minister’s command. What written order should I have?” Qin Qi said, “By General Xiahou’s command, I guard this pass. Even if you sprouted wings, you could not fly across!” Lord Guan angrily said, “Do you know what has befallen those who barred my way along the road?” Qin Qi replied, “You have only killed nameless, low-ranking officers. Would you dare kill me?” Lord Guan said in fury, “How do you compare with Yan Liang and Wen Chou?” Qin Qi flew into a rage, spurred his horse, raised his saber, and charged straight at Lord Guan. The two horses crossed, and in a single bout Lord Guan’s saber rose and Qin Qi’s head fell. Lord Guan cried, “The man who opposed me is dead. The rest of you need not flee in alarm. Prepare boats at once and ferry me across the river.” The soldiers hurriedly poled a vessel to the bank. Lord Guan invited his two sisters-in-law aboard and crossed the river. Beyond the Yellow River lay Yuan Shao’s territory. Lord Guan had passed through five barriers and slain six officers. A later poet wrote in praise:

He hung his seal, sealed up the gold, and left the Han’s chief lord;To seek his brother, far away he turned along the road.Red Hare beneath him, he rode a thousand li;Green Dragon lowered, he issued through five passes.His loyal righteousness surged vast through Heaven and earth;From this day forth, the hero’s might shook rivers and mountains.Alone he rode and slew each chief—who could have stood his foe?Through ages past and yet to come, brush and ink preserve his name.

Lord Guan sighed to himself in the saddle: “I had no wish to kill men all along the road, but circumstances left me no choice. When Lord Cao hears of it, he will surely take me for an ingrate who betrayed his kindness.” As he traveled on, he suddenly saw a lone rider approaching from the north, shouting, “Yun Chang, wait!” Lord Guan reined in and looked. It was Sun Qian. Lord Guan said, “Since we parted in Runan, what news have you had?” Sun Qian replied, “After you withdrew your troops, General, Liu Pi and Gong Du recaptured Runan. They sent me to Hebei to establish friendly relations with Yuan Shao and invite Xuande to join them in a plan to defeat Cao Cao. But unexpectedly, the officers and advisers of Hebei were all jealous of one another. Tian Feng still lies imprisoned; Ju Shou has been dismissed and is no longer employed; Shen Pei and Guo Tu contend with each other for power; and Yuan Shao is suspicious, indecisive, and incapable of firm command. Imperial Uncle Liu and I therefore consulted together and first sought a way for him to escape. The Imperial Uncle has now gone to Runan to join Liu Pi. Fearing that you might not know this and would instead go to Yuan Shao, where perhaps you would come to harm, he specially sent me to meet you on the road. Fortunately, I have found you here. You must go quickly to Runan and meet the Imperial Uncle.” Lord Guan had Sun Qian pay his respects to the ladies. They asked him for news, and Sun Qian told them everything: “Twice Yuan Shao sought to behead the Imperial Uncle. Fortunately, he has now escaped and gone to Runan. You ladies may go there and be reunited with him.” Both ladies covered their faces and wept. Following Sun Qian’s counsel, Lord Guan did not continue into Hebei, but turned directly toward Runan. As they traveled, dust suddenly rose behind them and a body of horsemen came in pursuit. At their head, Xiahou Dun shouted, “Guan, do not flee!” Truly:

Six officers barred the passes, only to meet their deaths;Now one whole army blocks the road and challenges him anew.

How Lord Guan escaped will be told in the chapter that follows.

The Lord of the Splendid Beard Rides a Thousand Miles Alone; The Marquis of Hanshou Slays Six Generals at Five Passes

Now, among Cao Cao’s generals, aside from Zhang Liao, only Xu Huang was especially close to Guan Yu, though all the others respected and admired him as well. Cai Yang alone resented Guan Yu, so when he heard that Guan Yu had left that day, he wanted to pursue and stop him. Cao Cao said, “He has not forgotten his former lord, and he has been perfectly open about his coming and going. He is a true man of honor. All of you should follow his example.” He then rebuked Cai Yang and ordered him not to pursue. Cheng Yu said, “Your Excellency treated Guan Yu with the greatest generosity, yet now he has left without taking his leave, offering only a few confused words on a scrap of paper and affronting your august authority. His offense is grave. If you allow him to return to Yuan Shao, it will be like giving wings to a tiger. Better to pursue and kill him, thereby eliminating future trouble.” Cao Cao said, “I gave him my word long ago. How can I break faith now? Each man serves his own lord. Do not pursue him.” He then said to Zhang Liao, “Yun-chang sealed up the gold and hung up his seal. Wealth and gifts could not sway his heart, nor could rank and salary alter his purpose. I deeply respect such a man. I imagine he has not gone far. I will show him one last kindness to preserve our friendship. Ride ahead and ask him to wait. I will see him off myself and give him traveling expenses and a campaign robe as a remembrance for the future.” Zhang Liao accepted the order and rode ahead alone. Cao Cao followed with several dozen horsemen.

Now, Guan Yu’s Red Hare could travel a thousand li in a day, and normally no one could have caught him. But because he wished to escort the carriages and baggage train, he dared not give the horse its head and instead rode slowly with the reins in hand. Suddenly he heard someone behind him shout, “Yun-chang, wait!” Looking back, he saw Zhang Liao galloping toward him. Guan Yu ordered the carriage train and attendants to keep moving quickly along the main road. He himself reined in Red Hare, steadied the Green Dragon saber, and asked, “Wenyuan, have you come to pursue me and take me back?” Zhang Liao said, “No. The prime minister learned that you were making a long journey and wishes to see you off. He sent me ahead especially to ask Your Excellency to wait. He has no other intention.” Guan Yu said, “Even if the prime minister comes with his armored cavalry, I am prepared to fight to the death!” He then halted his horse on the bridge and watched. Cao Cao came galloping forward with several dozen riders, followed by Xu Chu, Xu Huang, Yu Jin, Li Dian, and the others.

When Cao Cao saw Guan Yu sitting astride his horse on the bridge with saber held crosswise, he ordered his generals to rein in and form ranks on either side. Guan Yu saw that none of them carried weapons in their hands and only then felt reassured. Cao Cao said, “Yun-chang, why are you leaving in such haste?” Guan Yu inclined himself in the saddle and replied, “I informed Your Excellency before that my former lord was in Hebei, so I could not help but hurry to him. I went to your residence several times but was unable to gain an audience, so I left a letter of farewell, sealed up the gold, hung up the seal, and returned them to Your Excellency. I hope Your Excellency will not forget what you said in the past.” Cao Cao said, “I wish to earn the trust of all the world. How could I go back on my word? Fearing that you might lack funds along the way, I have specially prepared traveling expenses to see you off.” One of his generals at once held out a tray of gold from horseback. Guan Yu said, “I have repeatedly received your generous gifts and still have money left over. Keep this gold to reward your officers and men.” Cao Cao said, “This is merely a small recompense for a fraction of your great service. Why refuse it?” Guan Yu said, “My paltry efforts are hardly worth mentioning.” Cao Cao smiled and said, “Yun-chang, you are a righteous man without equal under Heaven. I regret that my fortune is too meager to keep you with me. Here is a brocade robe as a small token of my regard.” He ordered one of his generals to dismount and bring the robe forward in both hands. Guan Yu feared some sudden treachery and dared not dismount, so he used the tip of his Green Dragon saber to lift the brocade robe and drape it over himself. Reining his horse around, he called out his thanks: “I am grateful for the prime minister’s gift of this robe. We shall meet again another day.” He then rode off the bridge and headed north. Xu Chu said, “This man is outrageously discourteous. Why not seize him?” Cao Cao said, “He is one man on one horse, while we number several dozen. How could he not be suspicious? I have given my word, and he must not be pursued.” Cao Cao led his generals back to the city, sighing and thinking of Yun-chang all along the way.

No more of Cao Cao’s return. Guan Yu rode on to catch up with the carriages, but after traveling about thirty li, he still did not see them. Alarmed, Yun-chang spurred his horse and searched in every direction. Suddenly he saw a man on a hilltop shouting, “General Guan, please stop!” Yun-chang looked up and saw a young man in a yellow headscarf and brocade clothes, carrying a spear and riding a horse. A severed head hung beneath his horse’s neck, and he led more than a hundred foot soldiers who came hurrying forward. Guan Yu asked, “Who are you?” The young man threw down his spear, dismounted, and bowed to the ground. Fearing a trick, Yun-chang kept his horse reined in and his saber ready as he asked, “Brave man, state your name.” The young man replied, “I am from Xiangyang. My surname is Liao, my given name Hua, and my courtesy name Yuanjian. Because of the disorder in the realm, I became a wanderer and gathered a band of more than five hundred men, living by plunder. Just now my companion Du Yuan went down the mountain on patrol and mistakenly abducted the two ladies, carrying them up the mountain. I questioned their attendants and learned that they were the wives of Imperial Uncle Liu of the Great Han. I also heard that you, General, were escorting them nearby, so I immediately wished to bring them back down. Du Yuan spoke insolently, so I killed him. I now present his head to you and beg forgiveness.” Guan Yu asked, “Where are the two ladies?” Liao Hua said, “They are presently in the mountain stronghold.” Guan Yu ordered him to bring them down at once. Before long, more than a hundred men came forward surrounding the carriages. Guan Yu dismounted, set down his saber, clasped his hands before the carriage, and asked, “Were my two sisters-in-law frightened?” The two ladies said, “Had General Liao not protected us, Du Yuan would already have violated us.” Guan Yu asked those around them, “How did Liao Hua save the ladies?” The attendants replied, “After Du Yuan abducted them and took them up the mountain, he wanted to divide them between himself and Liao Hua, each taking one as his wife. Liao Hua asked about their origins and showed them the greatest reverence. Du Yuan refused to listen, so Liao Hua killed him.” Hearing this, Guan Yu bowed his thanks to Liao Hua. Liao Hua wished to have his men escort Guan Yu, but Guan Yu reflected that Liao Hua was still, after all, a remnant of the Yellow Turbans and was not a suitable traveling companion, so he politely declined. Liao Hua then respectfully offered him gold and silk, but Guan Yu refused those as well. Liao Hua bowed farewell and led his band back into the mountain valleys.

Yun-chang told his two sisters-in-law about the robe Cao Cao had given him, then urged the carriage train onward. At nightfall they stopped at a country estate to rest. The master of the estate came out to greet them. His hair and beard were entirely white. He asked, “What is your surname and name, General?” Guan Yu saluted him and said, “I am Guan, the younger brother of Liu Xuande.” The old man said, “Can you be Lord Guan, who slew Yan Liang and Wen Chou?” Guan Yu said, “I am.” Overjoyed, the old man invited him into the estate. Guan Yu said, “There are also two ladies in the carriage.” The old man immediately summoned his wife and daughters to welcome them. When the two ladies reached the thatched hall, Guan Yu stood beside them with hands clasped. The old man invited him to sit, but Guan Yu said, “My honored sisters-in-law are seated above me. How could I dare sit?” The old man therefore had his wife and daughters invite the two ladies into the inner rooms and entertain them there, while he himself entertained Guan Yu in the thatched hall. Guan Yu asked the old man’s name. The old man said, “My surname is Hu and my given name is Hua. During Emperor Huan’s reign, I served as a Counselor at Court, but I retired from office and returned to my native village. I have a young son named Hu Ban, who serves as an aide under Wang Zhi, the governor of Xingyang. If you pass that way, General, I have a letter I would like you to deliver to my son.” Guan Yu agreed.

After breakfast the next day, Guan Yu invited his two sisters-in-law to enter their carriage, took Hu Hua’s letter, bade his host farewell, and set out toward Luoyang. Ahead they came to a pass called Dongling Pass. The commander guarding it was named Kong Xiu, who led five hundred soldiers stationed on the earthen ridge. That day, when Guan Yu escorted the carriage train up the ridge, the soldiers reported his arrival to Kong Xiu, who came out of the pass to meet him. Guan Yu dismounted and exchanged salutations with Kong Xiu. Kong Xiu asked, “Where are you going, General?” Guan Yu said, “I have taken leave of the prime minister and am going to Hebei to find my elder brother.” Kong Xiu said, “Yuan Shao of Hebei is the prime minister’s enemy. Since you are going there, you must have a travel warrant from the prime minister.” Guan Yu said, “Because I had to leave in haste, I did not obtain one.” Kong Xiu said, “Since you have no warrant, I must send someone to report to the prime minister before I can let you pass.” Guan Yu said, “Waiting for such a report will delay my journey.” Kong Xiu said, “The regulations bind me. I have no choice.” Guan Yu said, “Then you will not let me through the pass?” Kong Xiu said, “If you wish to pass, leave the women and attendants here as hostages.” Enraged, Guan Yu raised his saber and moved to kill Kong Xiu. Kong Xiu retreated inside the pass, beat the drum to assemble his troops, donned his armor, mounted his horse, and charged down from the pass, shouting, “Do you dare try to get through?” Guan Yu ordered the carriage train to withdraw, then spurred his horse and raised his saber. Without another word, he rode straight at Kong Xiu. Kong Xiu leveled his spear and met him. The two horses crossed, and in a single exchange, Guan Yu’s steel saber flashed and Kong Xiu’s corpse fell beneath his horse. The soldiers fled. Guan Yu called, “Soldiers, do not run! I killed Kong Xiu only because I had no choice. This has nothing to do with any of you. Let your many mouths carry a message to Prime Minister Cao: tell him that Kong Xiu tried to harm me, and that was why I killed him.” All the soldiers bowed before his horse.

Guan Yu then escorted the two ladies and their carriages through the pass and headed toward Luoyang. Soldiers had already reported the news to Han Fu, governor of Luoyang. Han Fu hurriedly assembled his officers to discuss the matter. His subordinate commander Meng Tan said, “Since he has no travel warrant from the prime minister, he is traveling without authorization. If we do not stop him, we will certainly be held responsible.” Han Fu said, “Guan Yu is ferociously brave. Both Yan Liang and Wen Chou were killed by him. We cannot oppose him by force; we must capture him through a stratagem.” Meng Tan said, “I have a plan. First, block the entrance to the pass with chevaux-de-frise. When he arrives, I will lead troops out to fight him, pretend to be defeated, and lure him into pursuing me. You can then shoot him with a concealed arrow. If Guan Yu falls from his horse, we will seize him and send him under guard to Xudu. We are certain to receive a great reward.” Their plan settled, a messenger reported that Guan Yu’s carriage train had arrived. Han Fu bent his bow, set an arrow to the string, and led a thousand troops to form ranks at the entrance to the pass. He called out, “Who comes there?” Guan Yu inclined himself in the saddle and said, “I am Guan, Marquis of Hanshou. I ask leave to pass through.” Han Fu said, “Do you have a travel warrant from Prime Minister Cao?” Guan Yu said, “I was pressed by urgent affairs and did not obtain one.” Han Fu said, “By the prime minister’s august command, I am stationed here to guard this place and specifically to inspect all spies coming and going. Anyone without a warrant is considered a fugitive.” Guan Yu said angrily, “Kong Xiu of Dongling Pass has already been killed by my hand. Do you also seek death?” Han Fu called, “Who will seize him for me?” Meng Tan rode out, whirling his twin sabers as he charged at Guan Yu. Guan Yu ordered the carriage train to withdraw and spurred forward to meet him. Before they had fought three exchanges, Meng Tan wheeled his horse and fled. Guan Yu pursued. Meng Tan had only intended to lure Guan Yu after him, but he had not expected Guan Yu’s horse to be so swift. Guan Yu had already caught him and cut him in two with a single stroke. Guan Yu reined around and returned. Han Fu, concealed beside the gate, drew with all his strength and loosed an arrow, striking Guan Yu squarely in the left arm. Guan Yu pulled the arrow out with his teeth. Blood flowed without stopping as he galloped straight at Han Fu, scattering the troops. Han Fu could not dodge in time. Guan Yu’s arm rose and his saber fell, cutting through his head and shoulder and striking him from his horse. Guan Yu routed the remaining soldiers and protected the carriage train.

Guan Yu cut a strip of silk and bound up his arrow wound. Fearing an ambush along the way, he dared not remain long and traveled through the night toward Sishui Pass. The commander guarding the pass was a man from Bingzhou named Bian Xi, who was skilled with the meteor hammer. He had originally been a remnant of the Yellow Turbans, but later joined Cao Cao, who assigned him to guard the pass. When he heard that Guan Yu was approaching, he devised a plan. In Zhen’guo Temple before the pass, he concealed more than two hundred men armed with swords and axes. He intended to lure Guan Yu into the temple and, at the signal of a struck wine cup, have them kill him. Once all was arranged, he left the pass to welcome Guan Yu. When Guan Yu saw Bian Xi approaching to greet him, he dismounted to meet him. Bian Xi said, “Your fame shakes the world, General. Who does not revere you? Now you are returning to the Imperial Uncle, which fully displays your loyalty and righteousness!” Guan Yu recounted how he had killed Kong Xiu and Han Fu. Bian Xi said, “You were right to kill them, General. When I see the prime minister, I will explain the truth on your behalf.” Guan Yu was delighted. They mounted together, passed through Sishui Pass, and dismounted before Zhen’guo Temple. The monks rang the bell and came out to welcome them. Zhen’guo Temple had originally been an imperial monastery established under Emperor Ming of Han, and it housed more than thirty monks. Among them was one from Guan Yu’s native district whose religious name was Pujing. Pujing had already learned of Bian Xi’s plot. He came forward to salute Guan Yu and said, “General, how many years has it been since you left east of Pu?” Guan Yu said, “Nearly twenty years.” Pujing said, “Do you still recognize this poor monk?” Guan Yu said, “I have been away from home for many years and do not recognize you.” Pujing said, “My family home and yours were separated by only a single river.” When Bian Xi heard Pujing speaking of their old ties as fellow townsmen, he feared the secret might be leaked and rebuked him: “I wish to invite the general to a banquet. Why should a monk like you talk so much?” Guan Yu said, “That is not so. When men from the same hometown meet, how can they fail to speak of old times?”

Pujing invited Guan Yu to the abbot’s quarters for tea. Guan Yu said, “The two ladies are in the carriage. Please serve them tea first.” Pujing ordered tea brought first to the ladies, then invited Guan Yu into the abbot’s quarters. Pujing lifted the monastic knife he wore with one hand and signaled Guan Yu with his eyes. Understanding him, Guan Yu ordered his attendants to carry his saber and follow closely. Bian Xi invited Guan Yu to the banquet in the Dharma Hall. Guan Yu said, “Master Bian, have you invited me here with good intentions, or with evil ones?” Before Bian Xi could answer, Guan Yu caught sight of armed men concealed behind the wall hangings. He shouted at Bian Xi, “I took you for a good man! How dare you do this?” Knowing that the plot had been exposed, Bian Xi cried, “Men, strike!” Just as the men were about to attack, Guan Yu drew his sword and cut them down. Bian Xi fled from the hall and ran around the gallery. Guan Yu threw aside his sword, seized his great saber, and pursued him. Bian Xi secretly drew his meteor hammer and hurled it at Guan Yu. Guan Yu knocked the hammer aside with his saber, rushed after Bian Xi, and split him in two with one stroke. He then immediately turned back to see to his two sisters-in-law. Soldiers had already surrounded them, but when they saw Guan Yu return, they fled in every direction. Guan Yu drove them off, then thanked Pujing, saying, “Had it not been for you, Master, I would have been harmed by that villain.” Pujing said, “This place will no longer tolerate this poor monk. I will gather my robe and alms bowl and wander elsewhere. We shall meet again if fate allows. Take care, General.” Guan Yu thanked him, protected the carriage train, and set out toward Xingyang.

Wang Zhi, governor of Xingyang, was related to Han Fu by marriage. When he heard that Guan Yu had killed Han Fu, he plotted to murder Guan Yu in secret and sent men to guard the entrance to the pass. When Guan Yu arrived, Wang Zhi went out to meet him with a cheerful smile. Guan Yu explained that he was searching for his elder brother. Wang Zhi said, “You have been hurrying along the road, General, and the ladies must be weary from riding in the carriage. Please enter the city and rest for the night at the posthouse. It will not be too late to resume your journey tomorrow.” Seeing that Wang Zhi appeared extremely cordial, Guan Yu escorted his two sisters-in-law into the city. Everything had been prepared at the posthouse. Wang Zhi invited Guan Yu to a banquet, but Guan Yu declined to attend, so Wang Zhi had the banquet dishes sent to the posthouse. Weary from the hardships of the road, Guan Yu invited his two sisters-in-law to finish their meal and settle down to rest in the main room. He ordered the attendants to find places to sleep and feed the horses well. Guan Yu also removed his armor and lay down to rest.

Now Wang Zhi secretly summoned his aide Hu Ban and gave him this order: “Guan Yu has deserted the prime minister, and along the way he has killed a governor as well as officers guarding the passes. His crimes deserve nothing less than death! His martial prowess makes him difficult to oppose. Tonight, assemble one thousand soldiers and surround the posthouse, each man carrying a torch. At the third watch, set fire to it from every side. No matter who is inside, burn them all to death! I will personally lead troops to support you.” Hu Ban accepted the order, assembled the soldiers, and secretly carried dry firewood and kindling to the entrance of the posthouse, planning to act at the appointed hour. Hu Ban thought, “I have long heard the name of Guan Yun-chang, but I do not know what he looks like. I will go and take a look.” He went into the posthouse and asked an attendant, “Where is General Guan?” The attendant replied, “He is the man reading in the main hall.” Hu Ban quietly approached the front of the hall and saw Guan Yu stroking his beard with his left hand as he leaned over a low table and read by lamplight. At the sight, Hu Ban involuntarily exclaimed, “Truly, he is a godlike man!” Guan Yu asked who was there. Hu Ban entered and bowed, saying, “I am Hu Ban, an aide under the governor of Xingyang.” Guan Yu said, “Can you be the son of Hu Hua, who lives outside Xudu?” Hu Ban said, “I am.” Guan Yu called an attendant to take the letter from his baggage and give it to Hu Ban. After reading it, Hu Ban sighed, “I nearly killed a loyal and worthy man by mistake!” He then secretly warned Guan Yu, saying, “Wang Zhi harbors wicked intentions and means to harm you, General. He has secretly ordered men to surround the posthouse on every side and plans to set it afire at the third watch. I will go ahead now and open the city gate. You must prepare quickly and leave the city.” Guan Yu was greatly alarmed. He hurriedly donned his armor, took up his saber, and mounted his horse. He invited his two sisters-in-law into their carriage, and the entire party left the posthouse. Sure enough, they saw soldiers waiting with torches in their hands. Guan Yu hurried to the city wall and found the gate already open. He urged the carriage train swiftly out of the city. Hu Ban returned to set the fire. Guan Yu had traveled less than a few li when torches blazed behind him and troops came galloping in pursuit. Wang Zhi rode at their head, shouting, “Guan Yu, stop!” Guan Yu reined in his horse and cursed him: “Wretch! I have no grudge against you. Why did you order men to burn me alive?” Wang Zhi spurred his horse, leveled his spear, and charged straight at Guan Yu. Guan Yu struck him across the waist with one stroke of his saber, cutting him in two. He then scattered all the pursuing troops. Guan Yu urged the carriage train onward at speed, filled with gratitude to Hu Ban throughout the journey.

When they reached the border of Huazhou, someone reported their arrival to Liu Yan. Liu Yan led several dozen riders out from the city to welcome him. Guan Yu inclined himself in the saddle and said, “Governor, have you been well since we last met?” Liu Yan said, “Where are you going now?” Guan Yu said, “I have taken leave of the prime minister and am going to find my elder brother.” Liu Yan said, “Xuande is with Yuan Shao, and Yuan Shao is the prime minister’s enemy. How can he allow you to go there?” Guan Yu said, “We agreed upon this in the past.” Liu Yan said, “The pass at the Yellow River crossing is now held by Qin Qi, a subordinate of Xiahou Dun. I fear he will not allow you through.” Guan Yu said, “Can you provide me with a boat, Governor?” Liu Yan said, “Although there are boats, I do not dare provide one.” Guan Yu said, “When I killed Yan Liang and Wen Chou, I also delivered you from danger. Why do you now refuse me when I ask for a single ferryboat?” Liu Yan said, “I only fear that if Xiahou Dun learns of it, he will certainly punish me.” Guan Yu saw that Liu Yan was a useless man and urged the carriage train onward by himself. When they reached the Yellow River crossing, Qin Qi led troops out and demanded, “Who comes there?” Guan Yu said, “I am Guan, Marquis of Hanshou.” Qin Qi asked, “Where do you intend to go?” Guan Yu said, “I wish to enter Hebei to find my elder brother, Liu Xuande. I respectfully ask passage across the river.” Qin Qi said, “Where is the prime minister’s written authorization?” Guan Yu said, “I am not subject to the prime minister’s command. What authorization would I have?” Qin Qi said, “By General Xiahou’s order, I guard this pass. Even if you sprouted wings, you could not fly across!” Guan Yu said angrily, “Do you know what happened to those who blocked me along the road?” Qin Qi said, “You have only killed nameless junior officers. Do you dare kill me?” Guan Yu said furiously, “How do you compare with Yan Liang and Wen Chou?” Enraged, Qin Qi spurred his horse, raised his saber, and charged straight at Guan Yu. Their horses crossed, and in a single exchange Guan Yu’s saber rose and Qin Qi’s head fell. Guan Yu said, “The man who opposed me is dead. The rest of you need not panic or flee. Quickly prepare a boat and take me across the river.” The soldiers hastily poled a boat to the bank. Guan Yu invited his two sisters-in-law aboard and crossed the river. Once across the Yellow River, they were in Yuan Shao’s territory. Guan Yu had passed through five barriers and slain six generals. A later poet lamented:

He sealed the gold and hung his seal, then left the Han prime minister;Seeking his brother, he gazed afar and took the distant road.On Red Hare he traveled a thousand li;With Green Dragon laid low, he passed five barriers.His loyalty and honor surged through Heaven and Earth;From this time on, the hero’s name shook all the realm.Riding alone and slaying generals, he had no equal;Through ages past and present, brush and ink preserve his fame.

Guan Yu sighed to himself in the saddle, “I did not wish to kill men all along the road, but circumstances gave me no choice. When Lord Cao learns of this, he will surely think me an ingrate who betrayed his kindness.” As they traveled on, a lone rider suddenly approached from the north, shouting, “Yun-chang, wait!” Guan Yu reined in his horse and looked. It was Sun Qian. Guan Yu said, “What has happened since we parted in Runan?” Sun Qian said, “After you withdrew your troops, General, Liu Pi and Gong Du recaptured Runan. They sent me to Hebei to form an alliance with Yuan Shao and invite Xuande to join them in a plan to defeat Cao Cao. But unexpectedly, the officers and generals in Hebei are all jealous of one another. Tian Feng is still in prison; Ju Shou has been dismissed and is not employed; Shen Pei and Guo Tu each struggle for power; and Yuan Shao is suspicious and indecisive, unable to settle on any course. Imperial Uncle Liu and I discussed a plan for him to escape first. The Imperial Uncle has now gone to Runan to join Liu Pi. Fearing that you might not know this, go instead to Yuan Shao, and perhaps be harmed by him, he specially sent me to meet you along the road. Fortunately, I have found you here. You should hurry to Runan and rejoin the Imperial Uncle.” Guan Yu had Sun Qian pay his respects to the ladies. They asked what had happened, and Sun Qian gave them a full account: “Yuan Shao twice intended to behead the Imperial Uncle. Fortunately, he has now escaped and gone to Runan. You may go there and be reunited with him.” Both ladies covered their faces and wept. Following Sun Qian’s advice, Guan Yu did not continue into Hebei but headed straight for Runan. As they traveled, dust suddenly rose behind them and a body of troops came galloping in pursuit. At their head, Xiahou Dun shouted, “Guan Yu, stop!” Truly:

Six generals barred the passes, only to meet their deaths;Now one more army blocks the road and challenges him again.

How Guan Yu escaped will be told in the next chapter.