Section 354
Original German
354 Nach diesen vier Principien sind der welthistorischen Reiche die Viere: 1) das Orientalische, 2) das Griechische, 3) das Römische, 4) das Germanische.
Musean translation
Machine-assisted Musean translation made directly from Hegel's German in the Berlin Nicolai first edition, dated 1821. Complete preface, introduction and sections 1–360, including the author's remarks and notes; no later Gans additions.
354 According to these four principles, the world-historical realms are four: 1) the Oriental, 2) the Greek, 3) the Roman, 4) the Germanic.
Plain English translation
Independent machine-assisted Plain English translation made directly from the German first-edition source, not from the Musean edition or an existing English translation. Complete preface, introduction and sections 1–360 with the author's remarks and notes.
354 According to these four principles, the world-historical realms are four: 1) the Oriental, 2) the Greek, 3) the Roman, 4) the Germanic.
About this section
Section 354 is part of Elements of the Philosophy of Right by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. This page sets the German original beside 2 direct-source translations, so any line can be checked against the source. It is section 356 of 362 in the work, which is kept in the European tradition.
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