Section 351
Original German
351 Aus derselben Bestimmung geschieht, daß civilisirte Nationen andere, welche ihnen in den substantiellen Momenten des Staats zurückstehen (Viehzuchttreibende die Jägervölker, die Ackerbauenden beyde u. s. f.) als Barbaren, mit dem Bewußtseyn eines ungleichen Rechts und deren Selbstständigkeit als etwas formelles betrachten und behandeln.
In den Kriegen und Streitigkeiten, die unter solchen Verhältnissen entspringen, macht daher das Moment, daß sie Kämpfe des Anerkennens in Beziehung auf einen bestimmten Gehalt sind, den Zug aus, der ihnen eine Bedeutung für die Weltgeschichte giebt.
Musean translation
Machine-assisted Musean translation made directly from Hegel's German in the Berlin Nicolai first edition, dated 1821. Complete preface, introduction and sections 1–360, including the author's remarks and notes; no later Gans additions.
351 From the same determination it comes about that civilized nations regard and treat others who lag behind them in the substantial moments of the state (herders the hunting peoples, farmers both, and so on) as barbarians, with the consciousness of an unequal right, and their independence as something formal.
In the wars and disputes that arise under such conditions, therefore, the moment that they are struggles of recognition in relation to a determinate content constitutes the feature that gives them significance for world history.
Plain English translation
Independent machine-assisted Plain English translation made directly from the German first-edition source, not from the Musean edition or an existing English translation. Complete preface, introduction and sections 1–360 with the author's remarks and notes.
351 From the same determination it follows that civilized nations regard and treat other nations as barbarians. These are nations that lag behind them in the substantial moments of the state (herding peoples treat hunting peoples this way, farming peoples treat both this way, and so on). Civilized nations do this with a consciousness of unequal right, and they treat the other nations' independence as something merely formal.
Wars and disputes arise under such conditions. What gives them a meaning for world history is that they are struggles for recognition concerning a determinate content.
About this section
Section 351 is part of Elements of the Philosophy of Right by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. This page sets the German original beside 2 direct-source translations, so any line can be checked against the source. It is section 353 of 362 in the work, which is kept in the European tradition.
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