Chapter 11

Liu Bei Rescues Kong Rong at Beihai; Lü Bu Defeats Cao Cao at Puyang

Now the man who offered this plan was Mi Zhu, courtesy name Zizhong, a native of Qu County in Donghai. His family had been wealthy for generations. Once, while returning by carriage from a trading journey to Luoyang, he met a beautiful woman on the road who asked to ride with him. Mi Zhu got down and walked, yielding the carriage to her. The woman invited him to ride beside her. Mi Zhu entered the carriage and sat upright, never once letting his gaze stray toward her. After they had traveled several miles, the woman took her leave. Before parting, she said to him, “I am the Star Lord of the South’s Fiery Virtue. By decree of the Supreme Lord, I am going to burn your house. Because you have treated me with courtesy, I have told you plainly. Hurry home and remove your possessions. I shall come tonight.” When she had finished speaking, she vanished. Mi Zhu was greatly alarmed and raced home, where he hastily removed everything the household contained. That evening a fire did indeed break out in the kitchen and burned the entire house to the ground. Thereafter Mi Zhu gave away his wealth freely, relieving the poor and rescuing those in distress. Later, Tao Qian appointed him Chief Aide. That day he proposed: “I am willing to go in person to Beihai Commandery and ask Kong Rong to raise troops for our relief. Let another man go to Tian Kai in Qingzhou to seek aid. If the forces from both places arrive together, Cao Cao will surely withdraw.” Tao Qian accepted the plan and wrote two letters, then asked which man under his command dared go to Qingzhou for aid. One man at once volunteered. When the others looked, they saw that he was Chen Deng, courtesy name Yuanlong, a native of Guangling. Tao Qian first sent Chen Yuanlong on his way to Qingzhou, then ordered Mi Zhu to carry the letter to Beihai, while he himself led the defenders in guarding the city against attack.

Now Kong Rong of Beihai, courtesy name Wenju, was a native of Qufu in the state of Lu. He was a twentieth-generation descendant of Confucius and the son of Kong Zhou, Commandant of Taishan. He had been intelligent from childhood. When he was ten years old, he went to pay a visit to Li Ying, Intendant of Henan. The gatekeeper tried to turn him away, but Kong Rong said, “My family has long-standing ties with Lord Li’s.” Once admitted, Li Ying asked, “What kinship was there between your ancestor and mine?” Kong Rong replied, “Long ago Confucius consulted Laozi on the rites. Does that not make your family and mine hereditary friends?” Li Ying marveled greatly at him. A short while later, Chen Wei, Grand Palace Counselor, arrived. Pointing to Kong Rong, Li Ying said, “This is a remarkable child.” Chen Wei said, “A man clever in childhood may not remain clever when grown.” Kong Rong immediately answered, “By what you say, sir, you must have been very clever as a child.” Chen Wei and the others all laughed and said, “When this boy comes of age, he will surely become one of the great vessels of his time.” From then on he was famous. He later became a General of the Household and, after successive promotions, Governor of Beihai. He delighted above all in receiving guests and often said, “That the seats before me should always be full, and the wine in the jar never run dry—this is my desire.” During his six years in Beihai, he won the people’s devotion.

That day, while Kong Rong was seated with his guests, a man reported that Mi Zhu had arrived from Xuzhou. Kong Rong invited him in and asked his purpose. Mi Zhu produced Tao Qian’s letter and said, “Cao Cao is pressing the siege with great urgency. We hope, my lord, that you will stoop to rescue us.” Kong Rong said, “Tao Gongzu and I share a deep friendship, and now you, Zizhong, have come here in person. How could I refuse to go? But Cao Mengde has no feud with me. I should first send him a letter and seek a reconciliation. If he will not agree, then I shall raise troops.” Mi Zhu said, “Cao Cao relies on the might of his army. He will never consent to peace.” Kong Rong ordered troops to be mustered while a messenger was sent with his letter. In the midst of their deliberations, a sudden report came that Guan Hai, a leader among the Yellow Turban remnants, was advancing at the head of tens of thousands of marauders. Kong Rong was greatly alarmed. He hastily mustered his own forces and marched out of the city to meet the rebels. Guan Hai rode forward and said, “I know that Beihai has abundant grain. Lend me ten thousand shi and I shall withdraw at once. Otherwise, when I break into the city, neither old nor young will be spared!” Kong Rong rebuked him: “I am a minister of the Great Han, guarding the land of the Great Han. How could I give grain to rebels?” Guan Hai flew into a rage, spurred his horse, flourished his saber, and charged straight at Kong Rong. Kong Rong’s general Zong Bao rode out with leveled spear. They had fought only a few bouts when Guan Hai struck once with his saber and cut Zong Bao down from the saddle. Kong Rong’s troops fell into disorder and fled back into the city. Guan Hai divided his forces and surrounded the walls on all four sides. Kong Rong was heartsick with distress. As for Mi Zhu’s anxiety, there is no need to speak of it.

The next day, Kong Rong climbed the walls and looked into the distance. Seeing the immense strength of the rebels, he grew still more troubled. Suddenly he saw a lone rider outside the city, spear leveled, horse leaping, who burst into the rebel ranks and charged left and right as though no one stood before him. He fought his way directly beneath the walls and shouted, “Open the gate!” Kong Rong did not know the man and dared not open it. The rebels pursued him to the riverbank, where he wheeled around and successively speared more than ten men from their horses. The rebels recoiled, and Kong Rong quickly ordered the gate opened and the rider admitted. The man dismounted, cast aside his spear, went straight up onto the wall, and bowed before Kong Rong. Asked his name, he replied, “I am Taishi Ci, courtesy name Ziyi, a native of Huang County in Donglai. My aged mother has received much kindness from you. Yesterday I returned from Liaodong to visit her. When I learned that rebels had surrounded the city, my mother said, ‘We have repeatedly received profound kindness from the Governor. You must go to his rescue.’ Therefore I came alone on horseback.” Kong Rong was overjoyed. Though Kong Rong and Taishi Ci had never met, he knew him to be a hero. Because Taishi Ci had been away from home for a long time, leaving his aged mother twenty miles outside the city, Kong Rong had often sent her grain and silk. Grateful for Kong Rong’s goodness, she had specially sent Taishi Ci to his aid.

Kong Rong now treated Taishi Ci with great honor and presented him with clothing, armor, a saddle, and a horse. Taishi Ci said, “I ask to borrow one thousand picked troops and ride out to destroy the rebels.” Kong Rong replied, “Though you are heroic and brave, the rebels are very strong. You must not venture out lightly.” Taishi Ci said, “My aged mother, moved by your generous virtue, sent me here for this very purpose. If I cannot break the siege, I shall have no face to meet her again. I ask leave to fight to the death.” Kong Rong said, “I have heard that Liu Xuande is a hero of the age. If we could invite him to our aid, this siege would be lifted of itself. But there is no one I can send.” Taishi Ci said, “Write a letter, Governor, and I shall go to him with all speed.” Delighted, Kong Rong wrote the letter and entrusted it to Taishi Ci. Taishi Ci donned his armor and mounted, with bow and arrows at his waist and an iron spear in his hand. After eating his fill and making every preparation, he waited for the gate to open, then flew out alone on horseback. As he neared the river, rebel officers led their men against him. Taishi Ci speared several of them to death in succession and broke through the encirclement. When Guan Hai learned that someone had left the city, he guessed that the man must be seeking reinforcements. He personally led several hundred riders in pursuit and surrounded Taishi Ci on every side. Taishi Ci braced his spear, took up his bow, set arrow to string, and shot in every direction; wherever the bowstring sounded, a man fell from his horse. The rebels no longer dared pursue him. Once free, Taishi Ci rode through the night to Pingyuan to see Liu Xuande. After the formal courtesies, he related in full how Kong Rong of Beihai was besieged and sought aid, then presented the letter. When Xuande had read it, he asked, “Who are you, sir?” Taishi Ci replied, “I am Taishi Ci, an obscure man from Donghai. Kong Rong and I are neither blood kin nor fellow townsmen; we are drawn together solely by a shared spirit of honor and a resolve to bear one another’s troubles and dangers. Now Guan Hai has raised a violent rebellion and Beihai is under siege, isolated and helpless, its peril a matter of days, even hours. I have heard that your benevolence and righteousness have long been renowned, and that you rescue men in desperate danger. For that reason alone, Kong Rong sent me to brave the blades, break through the encirclement, and come here to seek your aid.” Xuande’s expression grew solemn as he replied, “Does Kong Rong of Beihai know that there is a Liu Bei in this world?” He then mustered three thousand picked troops with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei and set out for Beihai Commandery.

When Guan Hai saw the relief force arrive, he personally led his troops out to meet it. Seeing that Xuande had few men, he thought little of them. Xuande, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Taishi Ci reined in their horses before the lines, and Guan Hai rode furiously forward. Taishi Ci was about to advance, but Guan Yu had already galloped out and charged straight at Guan Hai. As the two horses crossed, both armies gave a mighty shout. How could Guan Hai possibly withstand Guan Yu? After several dozen bouts, the Green Dragon Saber rose and split Guan Hai from his horse. Taishi Ci and Zhang Fei then charged out together, both spears raised, and plunged into the rebel ranks. Xuande drove his troops forward in a sweeping attack. From the walls Kong Rong saw Taishi Ci, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei hunting down the rebels like tigers among a flock of sheep, ranging wherever they wished with none able to resist them. He therefore led his troops out of the city. Attacked from both sides, the rebels suffered a crushing defeat. Countless men surrendered, and the remaining bands scattered in rout.

Kong Rong welcomed Xuande into the city. When the courtesies had been concluded, he spread a grand feast in celebration. He also brought Mi Zhu forward to meet Xuande and related in full how Zhang Kai had murdered Cao Song. “Now Cao Cao has let his troops loose to plunder on a vast scale and has surrounded Xuzhou. Mi Zhu came expressly to seek aid.” Xuande said, “Tao Gongzu is a benevolent man and a gentleman. Who would have thought he would suffer so unjust and undeserved a calamity?” Kong Rong said, “You, sir, are a kinsman of the imperial house. Now Cao Cao is ravaging the people and relying on strength to oppress the weak. Why not come with me to save them?” Xuande replied, “I would not dare refuse, but my troops are few and my generals scant. I fear I cannot move lightly.” Kong Rong said, “Though my wish to save Tao Gongzu arises partly from old friendship, it is also for the sake of the greater right. Can you alone be without the heart to uphold justice?” Xuande said, “Since that is so, please go ahead, Wenju. Allow me to visit Gongsun Zan and borrow three or five thousand troops. I shall follow immediately.” Kong Rong said, “You must not break your word.” Xuande replied, “What manner of man do you take Liu Bei for? The Sage said: ‘From ancient times all men must die, but without trust a man cannot stand.’ Whether Liu Bei borrows troops or fails to borrow them, he will certainly come in person.” Kong Rong agreed. He told Mi Zhu to return first to Xuzhou with the news, then made ready to depart. Taishi Ci bowed his thanks and said, “I came at my mother’s command to assist you, and now, fortunately, all danger is past. Liu Yao, Inspector of Yangzhou, is from my commandery and has sent a letter summoning me. I dare not refuse to go. Let us hope to meet again.” Kong Rong offered him gold and silk as a reward, but Taishi Ci refused them and returned home. When his mother saw him, she said with delight, “I rejoice that you have found a way to repay Beihai!” She then sent him on to Yangzhou.

We shall not speak of Kong Rong raising his troops. Xuande left Beihai and went to see Gongsun Zan, to whom he explained his wish to rescue Xuzhou. Gongsun Zan said, “Cao Cao has no feud with you. Why take such pains on another man’s behalf?” Xuande replied, “I have given my word and dare not break faith.” Gongsun Zan said, “I shall lend you two thousand horse and foot.” Xuande said, “I also hope you will let Zhao Zilong accompany me.” Gongsun Zan consented. Xuande then led his own three thousand troops with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as the vanguard, while Zilong followed with two thousand men, and together they marched toward Xuzhou.

Meanwhile, Mi Zhu returned and reported to Tao Qian that Kong Rong of Beihai had also secured Liu Xuande’s aid. Chen Yuanlong likewise returned with word that Tian Kai of Qingzhou had gladly taken command of troops and was coming to the rescue. Tao Qian’s mind was put at ease. As it happened, however, the two armies under Kong Rong and Tian Kai feared the ferocity of Cao Cao’s forces. They established their camps far away beneath the hills and did not dare advance rashly. When Cao Cao saw the two armies arrive, he too divided his forces and no longer dared press the assault on the city.

When Liu Xuande’s army arrived, he went to see Kong Rong. Kong Rong said, “Cao Cao’s forces are powerful, and Cao Cao himself is skilled in the use of arms. We must not engage him lightly. Let us first observe his movements and then advance.” Xuande said, “I fear only that the city has no grain and cannot hold out for long. I shall order Guan Yu and Zilong to lead four thousand men and assist under your command. Zhang Fei and I will drive toward Cao Cao’s camp, pass straight through to Xuzhou, and consult with Governor Tao.” Kong Rong was delighted. He joined forces with Tian Kai so that their camps formed mutually supporting horns, while Guan Yu and Zilong led troops in support on either flank. That day Xuande and Zhang Fei took one thousand horse and foot and charged toward the edge of Cao Cao’s camp. While they were still advancing, a drum sounded within the stockade, and cavalry and infantry surged out like a tide in rolling waves. At their head was the great general Yu Jin, who reined in and shouted, “What madman comes this way? Where do you think you are going?” The moment Zhang Fei saw him, he wasted no words but charged straight at Yu Jin. Their horses crossed, and they fought several bouts. Then Xuande drew his paired swords and signaled his troops to advance in force. Yu Jin turned and fled. Zhang Fei pursued at the head of the attack all the way to the walls of Xuzhou. From the battlements they saw a red banner bearing white characters that read in bold script, “Liu Xuande of Pingyuan.” Tao Qian immediately ordered the gate opened. Xuande entered the city, where Tao Qian received him, and together they went to the government offices. After the courtesies, Tao Qian gave a banquet in his honor while arrangements were made to reward his troops.

Tao Qian saw Xuande’s imposing bearing and heard his open, generous speech, and his heart filled with delight. He ordered Mi Zhu to bring forth the official tablet and seal of Xuzhou and offered them to Xuande. Xuande said in astonishment, “What do you mean by this, sir?” Tao Qian replied, “The realm is now in turmoil, and royal authority has fallen into decline. You are a kinsman of the imperial house and should exert your strength in support of the state. I am old and incapable, and I willingly yield Xuzhou to you. Do not refuse. I shall write a memorial myself and report the matter to the court.” Xuande left his seat and bowed twice. “Though Liu Bei descends from the house of Han, his merit is slight and his virtue meager. Even as Chancellor of Pingyuan, I fear I am unequal to my office. I have come now to assist you only for the sake of the greater right. By speaking in this way, can it be that you suspect Liu Bei of harboring designs of annexation? If I have ever entertained such a thought, may Heaven give me no protection!” Tao Qian said, “These are my true and heartfelt wishes.” He offered the province again and again, but how could Xuande be persuaded to accept? Mi Zhu stepped forward and said, “With the enemy at the walls, we should first discuss how to drive them back. When peace has been restored, the matter of yielding the province can be raised again.” Xuande said, “I shall send Cao Cao a letter and urge him to make peace. If he refuses, it will not be too late to fight.” A proclamation was therefore sent to the three camps, ordering the troops to remain in place, and a messenger was dispatched to carry Xuande’s letter to Cao Cao.

Now Cao Cao was in his army conferring with his generals when a man reported that a letter of challenge had arrived from Xuzhou. Cao Cao opened and read it. It was a letter from Liu Bei, which said in substance: “Since I had the honor of beholding your countenance beyond the passes, Heaven has kept us each in a different quarter, and I have been unable to attend upon you. Recently, your honored father, Lord Cao, was indeed murdered through the inhumanity of Zhang Kai; the guilt was not Tao Gongzu’s. At present, remnants of the Yellow Turbans spread disorder without, while the surviving faction of Dong Zhuo entrenches itself within. I beg you, my lord, to place the court’s urgent need before your private vengeance, withdraw your army from Xuzhou, and relieve the country’s distress. Great indeed would be the good fortune of Xuzhou, and great the good fortune of the realm!” After reading the letter, Cao Cao cursed loudly: “Who is Liu Bei, that he dares send a letter admonishing me? And there are barbs of ridicule hidden in it!” He ordered the messenger beheaded and commanded an all-out assault on the city. Guo Jia advised him: “Liu Bei has come from afar to give aid. He has observed courtesy before resorting to arms. My lord should answer him with fair words and lull his vigilance. Then advance and attack the city, and it can be taken.” Cao Cao followed his counsel, treated the messenger courteously, and kept him there while a reply was prepared.

In the midst of their deliberations, a courier on a racing horse suddenly arrived with news of disaster. Cao Cao asked what had happened and was told that Lü Bu had launched a surprise attack, captured Yanzhou, and advanced to occupy Puyang. It happened that after Lü Bu suffered amid the disorders caused by Li Jue and Guo Si, he escaped through Wuguan and went to join Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu mistrusted Lü Bu for his repeated changes of allegiance and refused to receive him. Lü Bu then went to Yuan Shao, who accepted him and joined with him in defeating Zhang Yan at Changshan. Believing that he had now achieved his ambition, Lü Bu treated Yuan Shao’s officers and men with arrogance. Yuan Shao planned to kill him, so Lü Bu left and went to Zhang Yang, who received him.

At that time Pang Shu, who was in Chang’an, secretly sheltered Lü Bu’s wife and children and sent them back to him. When Li Jue and Guo Si learned of this, they beheaded Pang Shu and wrote to Zhang Yang, ordering him to kill Lü Bu. Lü Bu therefore abandoned Zhang Yang and went to Zhang Miao. By chance, Zhang Miao’s younger brother Zhang Chao brought Chen Gong to see him. Chen Gong said to Zhang Miao, “The realm is disintegrating and heroes are rising everywhere. You command the people of a thousand li, yet allow yourself to be controlled by another. Is that not contemptible? Cao Cao has now gone east on campaign, leaving Yanzhou empty, while Lü Bu is one of the bravest warriors of the age. If you join him in seizing Yanzhou, you may aspire to the achievement of a hegemon.” Zhang Miao was overjoyed and ordered Lü Bu to launch a surprise attack on Yanzhou, after which Lü Bu occupied Puyang. Only Juancheng, Dong’e, and Fan County remained intact, held to the death through the plans of Xun Yu and Cheng Yu; every other place had fallen. Cao Ren had fought repeatedly but had been unable to prevail, and had therefore sent this urgent appeal for aid. Cao Cao was greatly alarmed by the report. “If Yanzhou is lost, I shall have no home to return to. I must act without delay!” Guo Jia said, “This is the perfect occasion for my lord to grant Liu Bei a favor: withdraw the army and recover Yanzhou.” Cao Cao agreed. He immediately wrote a reply to Liu Bei, struck camp, and withdrew his troops.

The messenger returned to Xuzhou, entered the city, and presented the letter to Tao Qian, reporting that Cao Cao’s army had already withdrawn. Tao Qian was overjoyed. He sent men to invite Kong Rong, Tian Kai, Guan Yu, Zilong, and the others to a great assembly within the city. When the banquet was over, Tao Qian invited Xuande to take the seat of honor, then clasped his hands and addressed the gathering: “I am old, and my two sons lack ability. They are unfit to bear the state’s heavy responsibilities. Lord Liu is a scion of the imperial house, broad in virtue and high in talent. He can govern Xuzhou. I willingly ask leave to retire and tend my illnesses.” Xuande said, “Kong Wenju sent me to save Xuzhou for the sake of righteousness. If I were now to occupy it without cause and make it my own, the world would regard me as a man without righteousness.” Mi Zhu said, “The house of Han is now in decline and all within the seas has been overturned. This is the very time to establish achievement and found a great enterprise. Xuzhou is rich and flourishing, with a million households. Governor Liu must take command of it and cannot refuse.” Xuande replied, “I absolutely dare not accept.” Chen Deng said, “Governor Tao is often ill and cannot conduct affairs. You must not decline, my lord.” Xuande said, “Yuan Gonglu comes from a family that has held the Three Excellencies for four generations. All within the seas look to him, and he is nearby at Shouchun. Why not yield the province to him?” Kong Rong said, “Yuan Gonglu is a withered skeleton in a tomb. Why even mention him? In the matter before you today, if you do not take what Heaven gives, regret will come too late.”

Xuande remained resolute and would not consent. Tao Qian wept and said, “If you abandon me and go, I shall die with my eyes unclosed!” Guan Yu said, “Since Lord Tao has offered you the province, elder brother, you might take temporary charge of its affairs.” Zhang Fei said, “It is not as if we were forcing him to give us his province. He offers it out of goodwill. Why refuse so bitterly?” Xuande said, “Would you have me fall into unrighteousness?” Tao Qian pressed the offer again and again, but Xuande would not accept. Tao Qian said, “If Xuande is determined not to consent, there is a nearby town named Xiaopei, sufficient to quarter an army. Would Xuande agree to station his forces there for the present and safeguard Xuzhou?” Everyone urged Xuande to remain at Xiaopei, and Xuande agreed. Once Tao Qian had rewarded the army, Zhao Yun took his leave. Xuande held his hands and parted from him in tears. Kong Rong and Tian Kai also bade their farewells and led their armies home. Xuande, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei brought their own troops to Xiaopei, where they repaired the walls and reassured the inhabitants.

Now Cao Cao returned with his army and was met by Cao Ren, who told him that Lü Bu’s power was great and that he was further aided by Chen Gong. Yanzhou and Puyang had been lost; only Juancheng, Dong’e, and Fan County remained, because Xun Yu and Cheng Yu had devised a plan to keep them linked and were defending their walls to the death. Cao Cao said, “Lü Bu, I judge, has courage but no strategy. He is not worth fearing.” He ordered the army to establish camp for the time being while further plans were discussed.

When Lü Bu learned that Cao Cao’s returning army had already passed Teng County, he summoned his deputy generals Xue Lan and Li Feng and said, “I have long wished to make use of you two. Take ten thousand troops and hold Yanzhou firmly. I shall personally lead the army forward and destroy Cao Cao.” The two men accepted the order. Chen Gong hurried in and said, “If you abandon Yanzhou, General, where do you intend to go?” Lü Bu replied, “I intend to station troops at Puyang and form a three-cornered balance of power.” Chen Gong said, “That is a mistake. Xue Lan will certainly be unable to hold Yanzhou. One hundred and eighty li due south of here, the road through Taishan is perilous. Ten thousand picked troops could lie in ambush there. When Cao Cao’s men hear that Yanzhou is lost, they will certainly march at double speed. Wait until half of them have passed, then strike once and he can be captured.” Lü Bu said, “I have another excellent plan for stationing my army at Puyang. How could you know it?” Thus he rejected Chen Gong’s counsel, left Xue Lan to defend Yanzhou, and departed.

When Cao Cao’s army reached the perilous road through Taishan, Guo Jia said, “We must not advance yet. I fear there may be an ambush here.” Cao Cao laughed. “Lü Bu is a man without strategy. That is why he ordered Xue Lan to defend Yanzhou while he himself went to Puyang. How could he have laid an ambush here? Let Cao Ren lead one force to surround Yanzhou. I shall advance on Puyang and swiftly attack Lü Bu.”

When Chen Gong heard that Cao Cao’s troops were drawing near, he offered a plan: “Cao Cao’s men have come from afar and are weary. Our advantage lies in fighting at once. We must not let them recover their strength.” Lü Bu said, “Alone on one horse I have ranged unchecked across the world. Why should I fear Cao Cao? Let him establish his camp, and I shall capture him myself.”

Now Cao Cao’s army approached Puyang and established its camp. The next day he led out his generals and arrayed his forces in the open country. Cao Cao reined in beneath the commander’s banner at the gate and watched Lü Bu’s army approach from afar. When the formation had closed into a circle, Lü Bu rode out first. Eight valiant generals stood arrayed on either side of him. The first was Zhang Liao, courtesy name Wenyuan, a native of Mayi in Yanmen. The second was Zang Ba, courtesy name Xuangao, a native of Huayin in Taishan. These two generals each led three more valiant officers: Hao Meng, Cao Xing, Cheng Lian, Wei Xu, Song Xian, and Hou Cheng. Lü Bu’s army numbered fifty thousand, and its drums thundered mightily. Pointing at Lü Bu, Cao Cao said, “There has never been any feud between us. Why did you seize my commanderies?” Lü Bu replied, “The cities of the house of Han are open to all. Why should you alone possess them?” He called on Zang Ba to ride out and challenge the enemy. From Cao Cao’s army, Yue Jin came forth to meet him. Their two horses crossed and both spears rose together. They fought more than thirty bouts without victory or defeat. Xiahou Dun spurred forward to aid Yue Jin, but Zhang Liao rode out from Lü Bu’s lines, intercepted him, and engaged him in combat. The sight roused Lü Bu’s fury. Leveling his halberd and urging his horse into a gallop, he charged out of the formation. Xiahou Dun and Yue Jin both fled. Lü Bu swept forward in pursuit, and Cao Cao’s army suffered a great defeat, retreating thirty or forty li. Lü Bu then recalled his troops.

After losing the engagement, Cao Cao returned to camp and conferred with his generals. Yu Jin said, “Today I climbed a hill to observe the country. West of Puyang, Lü Bu has a camp that appears to contain few troops. Tonight they will suppose that our defeated army has fled and will surely be unprepared. We can lead troops against it. If we seize the camp, Lü Bu’s army will certainly be afraid. This is the best plan.” Cao Cao followed his advice. Taking with him the six generals Cao Hong, Li Dian, Mao Jie, Lü Qian, Yu Jin, and Dian Wei, he selected twenty thousand horse and foot and set out that very night by a lesser road.

Meanwhile, Lü Bu was rewarding his troops in camp. Chen Gong said, “The western camp is a vital position. What will we do if Cao Cao launches a surprise attack against it?” Lü Bu replied, “He lost an engagement today. How would he dare come?” Chen Gong said, “Cao Cao is exceedingly skilled in the use of arms. We must guard against his attacking where we are unprepared.” Lü Bu therefore detached Gao Shun, together with Wei Xu and Hou Cheng, to lead troops in defense of the western camp.

At dusk, Cao Cao led his army to the western camp and burst in from all four sides. The troops within could not resist and fled in every direction, leaving Cao Cao in possession of the camp. It was nearly the fourth watch when Gao Shun finally arrived with his forces and fought his way inside. Cao Cao personally led his men to meet him and encountered Gao Shun head-on. All three divisions became entangled in a confused battle. Near daybreak, drums thundered in the west, and a man reported that Lü Bu himself was coming with an army. Cao Cao abandoned the camp and fled. Behind him came Gao Shun, Wei Xu, and Hou Cheng in pursuit, while ahead Lü Bu himself approached at the head of his troops. Yu Jin and Yue Jin fought Lü Bu together but could not withstand him, and Cao Cao fled north. From behind a hill another force emerged, with Zhang Liao on the left and Zang Ba on the right. Cao Cao sent Lü Qian and Cao Hong to fight them, but the battle went badly, and he fled west. Suddenly a tremendous cry arose as yet another force arrived. The four generals Hao Meng, Cao Xing, Cheng Lian, and Song Xian barred the road. Cao Cao’s generals fought desperately, while Cao Cao himself led the charge against the enemy formation. At the rattle of wooden clappers, arrows came pouring down like a sudden storm.

Cao Cao could advance no farther and saw no way to escape. He cried out, “Who will save me?” From among the cavalry one general surged forward: it was Dian Wei. Brandishing his twin iron halberds, he shouted, “Do not fear, my lord!” He sprang from his horse, planted the two halberds in the ground, took up more than ten short halberds, and tucked them under his arm. Then he turned to his attendants and said, “When the rebels come within ten paces, call out to me!” With that, he strode forward through the arrows. Several dozen of Lü Bu’s riders came in pursuit. His attendants shouted, “Ten paces!” Dian Wei said, “Call me when they are five paces away!” His attendants cried again, “Five paces!” Dian Wei hurled his halberds at them. With each cast, one man fell from his horse, and not a single throw missed. In moments he had killed more than ten men, and all the others fled. Dian Wei sprang onto his horse again, raised his two great iron halberds, and charged into the enemy. Hao Meng, Cao Xing, Cheng Lian, and Song Xian could not resist him and each fled for his life. Dian Wei scattered the enemy and rescued Cao Cao. The other generals arrived close behind, and together they found a road back toward their camp. The daylight was already fading when a roar rose behind them. Lü Bu came galloping in pursuit, halberd in hand, crying, “Cao Cao, you traitor—do not flee!” By then the men were exhausted and the horses spent. They looked at one another, each seeking a way to save his own life. Indeed:

Though for a moment he has broken the encircling might,How can he withstand a fierce foe pressing hard in flight?

What became of Cao Cao’s life will be revealed in the next chapter.

Liu Bei Rescues Kong Rong at Beihai; Lü Bu Defeats Cao Cao at Puyang

Now the man who offered the plan was from Qu County in Donghai. His surname was Mi, his given name Zhu, and his courtesy name Zizhong. His family had been rich and powerful for generations. Once, after going to Luoyang on business, he was returning by carriage when he met a beautiful woman on the road who asked to ride with him. Mi Zhu got down and walked, letting the woman sit in the carriage. The woman invited Mi Zhu to ride with her. Mi Zhu entered the carriage and sat upright, never casting an improper glance at her. After they had traveled several miles, the woman took her leave. Before parting, she said to Mi Zhu, “I am the Star Lord of the Fire Virtue of the South. By command of the Supreme Emperor, I am going to burn down your house. Because you have treated me with courtesy, I am telling you plainly. You may hurry home and move out your property. I shall come tonight.” When she had finished speaking, she vanished. Mi Zhu was greatly alarmed and rushed home at full speed. He hurriedly moved everything out of the house. That evening, a fire did indeed break out in the kitchen and completely burned down his home. After this, Mi Zhu gave away much of his family wealth, aiding the poor and relieving those in distress. Later, Tao Qian appointed him Assistant Officer. That day he proposed this plan: “I am willing to go personally to Beihai Commandery and ask Kong Rong to raise troops for our rescue. We must also find someone to go to Tian Kai in Qingzhou and ask for help. If troops from both places arrive together, Cao Cao will certainly withdraw.” Tao Qian accepted the plan and wrote two letters. He then asked which man under his command dared go to Qingzhou to seek help. One man immediately volunteered. Everyone looked at him. He was from Guangling; his surname was Chen, his given name Deng, and his courtesy name Yuanlong. Tao Qian first sent Chen Yuanlong away to Qingzhou. Then he ordered Mi Zhu to carry the other letter to Beihai, while he himself led the others in defending the city and preparing against attack.

Now Kong Rong of Beihai had the courtesy name Wenju and was a native of Qufu in the state of Lu. He was a twentieth-generation descendant of Confucius and the son of Kong Zhou, Commandant of Taishan. He was intelligent from childhood. When he was ten years old, he went to call upon Li Ying, Governor of Henan. The gatekeeper made things difficult for him, but Kong Rong said, “My family and Chancellor Li’s have been close for generations.” After he was admitted, Li Ying asked, “What relationship was there between your ancestor and mine?” Kong Rong replied, “Long ago, Confucius asked Laozi about the rites. Does that not mean that you and I belong to families connected through many generations?” Li Ying was greatly amazed. A short while later, Chen Wei, Grand Master of the Palace, arrived. Li Ying pointed to Kong Rong and said, “This is a remarkable child.” Chen Wei said, “A person clever in childhood may not necessarily be clever when grown.” Kong Rong immediately replied, “According to what you say, sir, you must have been very clever as a child.” Chen Wei and the others all laughed and said, “When this boy grows up, he will surely become a great man of his age.” From then on, Kong Rong became famous. Later he served as General of the Household and, after several promotions, became Governor of Beihai. He was exceedingly fond of guests and often said, “May the seats always be filled with guests, and the wine jars never be empty. That is my wish.” During his six years in Beihai, he won the deep loyalty of the people.

That day, while Kong Rong was sitting with his guests, someone reported that Mi Zhu had arrived from Xuzhou. Kong Rong invited him in and asked the purpose of his visit. Mi Zhu produced Tao Qian’s letter and said, “Cao Cao’s siege and attacks are extremely fierce. We hope that you, illustrious lord, will grant us your aid.” Kong Rong said, “Tao Gongzu and I are close friends, and now you, Zizhong, have personally come here. How could I refuse to go? It is only that Cao Mengde has no feud with me, so I should first send someone with a letter to reconcile the two sides. If he refuses, I will then raise troops.” Mi Zhu said, “Cao Cao relies on the might of his army. He will certainly refuse peace.” Kong Rong ordered troops to be mustered while also sending a messenger with a letter. As they were discussing matters, a sudden report came that Guan Hai, a leader among the remnants of the Yellow Turbans, was bringing tens of thousands of bandits in a murderous advance. Kong Rong was greatly alarmed. He hurriedly assembled his own troops and left the city to meet the bandits in battle. Guan Hai rode forward and said, “I know Beihai has abundant grain. Lend me ten thousand shi, and I will withdraw at once. Otherwise, I will break into the city and spare neither old nor young!” Kong Rong rebuked him: “I am a minister of the great Han and guard the land of the great Han. How could I have grain to give to bandits?” Guan Hai flew into a rage, spurred his horse, brandished his saber, and charged straight at Kong Rong. Kong Rong’s officer Zong Bao rode out with his spear leveled. They had fought only a few bouts when Guan Hai struck once with his saber and cut Zong Bao down from his horse. Kong Rong’s troops fell into disorder and fled back into the city. Guan Hai divided his forces and surrounded the city on all four sides. Kong Rong was deeply troubled, and there is no need to say that Mi Zhu was filled with anxiety.

The next day, Kong Rong climbed the city wall and looked into the distance. Seeing the immense strength of the bandits, his anxiety doubled. Suddenly, he saw a man outside the city brandishing a spear and leaping forward on horseback. He fought his way into the bandit formation, charging left and right as though entering an empty land. He came straight to the foot of the wall and shouted, “Open the gate!” Kong Rong did not know who he was and dared not open it. The bandits pursued him to the riverbank. The man wheeled around and repeatedly thrust his spear, knocking more than ten men from their horses. The bandits drew back, and Kong Rong quickly ordered the gate opened and the man admitted. The man dismounted, laid aside his spear, went straight up onto the wall, and bowed before Kong Rong. Kong Rong asked his name. He replied, “I am from Huang County in Donglai. My double surname is Taishi, my given name is Ci, and my courtesy name is Ziyi. My aged mother has repeatedly received your generous care. Yesterday I returned from Liaodong to visit my family. When I learned that bandits were besieging the city, my mother said, ‘We have repeatedly received deep kindness from the Governor. You must go to his rescue.’ That is why I have come alone on horseback.” Kong Rong was overjoyed. Although Kong Rong and Taishi Ci had never met, Kong Rong knew him to be a hero. Because Taishi Ci had gone far away while his aged mother lived more than twenty miles from the city, Kong Rong had often sent people to give her grain and silk. His mother was grateful for Kong Rong’s kindness and had therefore specially sent Taishi Ci to his rescue.

Kong Rong treated Taishi Ci with great honor and presented him with clothing, armor, a saddle, and a horse. Taishi Ci said, “I ask to borrow one thousand elite troops and leave the city to attack the bandits.” Kong Rong said, “Although you are brave, the bandits are extremely powerful. You must not go out lightly.” Taishi Ci said, “My aged mother was grateful for your great kindness and specially sent me here. If I cannot lift the siege, I will have no face to see my mother again. I ask to fight one decisive battle to the death.” Kong Rong said, “I have heard that Liu Xuande is a hero of the present age. If we could ask him to come to our rescue, this siege would be lifted by itself. The only trouble is that there is no one I can send.” Taishi Ci said, “Write a letter, Governor, and I will go there at once.” Kong Rong was delighted and wrote a letter for Taishi Ci. Taishi Ci put on his armor and mounted his horse, with bow and arrows at his waist and an iron spear in his hand. After eating his fill and making every preparation, he waited until the city gate opened, then galloped out alone. As he approached the river, bandit officers led their men against him. Taishi Ci stabbed several men to death one after another and broke through the encirclement. Guan Hai learned that someone had left the city and guessed that he must be going to ask for reinforcements. He personally led several hundred horsemen in pursuit and surrounded Taishi Ci on all sides. Taishi Ci rested his spear, took up his bow, set arrows to the string, and shot in every direction. Every shot sent a man tumbling from his horse. The bandits did not dare continue the pursuit. Taishi Ci escaped and traveled through the night to Pingyuan to see Liu Xuande. After performing the proper courtesies, he fully explained how Kong Rong of Beihai had been surrounded and was asking for help, then presented the letter. After Liu Xuande read it, he asked Taishi Ci, “Who are you, sir?” Taishi Ci replied, “I am Taishi Ci, an obscure man of Donghai. Kong Rong and I are not related by blood, nor are we fellow countrymen. It is only that our spirits and sense of honor accord, and we share the resolve to divide each other’s troubles and endure hardship together. Now Guan Hai has raised a violent rebellion and surrounded Beihai. Kong Rong is isolated, without resources or anyone to appeal to, and his danger may come at any moment. I have heard that your humanity and righteousness have long been renowned and that you can rescue people in desperate danger. He therefore specially ordered me to face the weapons, break through the encirclement, and come here to ask for help.” Liu Xuande’s expression became solemn, and he replied, “Does Kong Rong of Beihai know that there is a Liu Bei in this world?” He then joined Yunzhang and Yide in mustering three thousand elite troops and advanced toward Beihai Commandery.

When Guan Hai saw the relief army arriving, he personally led his troops out to meet it. Because Liu Xuande had few soldiers, he gave him little thought. Liu Xuande, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Taishi Ci reined in their horses before the formation, while Guan Hai rode straight out in anger. Taishi Ci was about to advance, but Yunzhang had already ridden out and charged directly at Guan Hai. As the two horses met, all the soldiers shouted. How could Guan Hai possibly withstand Yunzhang? After several dozen bouts, the Green Dragon Saber rose and split Guan Hai from his horse. Taishi Ci and Zhang Fei charged out together, raising their two spears side by side and plunging into the bandit formation. Liu Xuande drove his troops forward to attack. From the city wall, Kong Rong saw Taishi Ci, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei pursuing and killing the bandits like tigers among a flock of sheep, ranging everywhere with none able to withstand them. He therefore led his troops out of the city. Attacked from both sides, the bandits suffered a crushing defeat. Countless men surrendered, and the remaining bands scattered in collapse.

Kong Rong welcomed Liu Xuande into the city. After they had exchanged the proper courtesies, he held a great banquet in celebration. He also brought Mi Zhu forward to meet Liu Xuande and gave a full account of how Zhang Kai had killed Cao Song, saying, “Now Cao Cao has let his troops plunder without restraint and has surrounded Xuzhou. Mi Zhu has come especially to ask for help.” Liu Xuande said, “Tao Gongzu is a humane man and a gentleman. I never expected him to suffer this unjust and undeserved calamity.” Kong Rong said, “You are a kinsman of the Han imperial house. Now Cao Cao is slaughtering the people, relying on strength to bully the weak. Why will you not go with me to rescue them?” Liu Xuande said, “I do not dare refuse, but my troops are few and my officers scarce. I fear I cannot lightly set them in motion.” Kong Rong said, “Although I wish to save Tao Gongzu partly because of our old friendship, I also act for the sake of great righteousness. Can it be that you alone have no heart for upholding justice?” Liu Xuande said, “Since that is so, please go ahead, Wenju. Allow me to go to Gongsun Zan and borrow three or five thousand troops. I will follow immediately.” Kong Rong said, “You must not break your word.” Liu Xuande replied, “What sort of man do you take me for? The Sage said, ‘From ancient times, all men have died, but without trust a man cannot stand.’ Whether Liu Bei succeeds in borrowing troops or not, I will certainly come in person.” Kong Rong accepted this. He ordered Mi Zhu to return first to Xuzhou with the news, while he himself prepared to set out. Taishi Ci bowed in thanks and said, “I came to assist you by my mother’s command, and fortunately you are now out of danger. Liu Yao, Inspector of Yangzhou and a man from my own commandery, has sent a letter summoning me. I dare not refuse to go. Allow me to hope that we shall meet again.” Kong Rong offered him gold and silk as a reward, but Taishi Ci refused to accept them and returned home. When his mother saw him, she said happily, “I am glad that you have been able to repay Beihai!” She then sent Taishi Ci on to Yangzhou.

There is no more to say here of Kong Rong raising his troops. Liu Xuande left Beihai and went to see Gongsun Zan, to whom he explained his wish to rescue Xuzhou. Gongsun Zan said, “Cao Cao has no feud with you. Why go to such trouble on another man’s behalf?” Liu Xuande replied, “I have already given my promise and dare not break faith.” Gongsun Zan said, “I will lend you two thousand cavalry and infantry.” Liu Xuande said, “I also hope you will lend me Zhao Zilong to accompany us.” Gongsun Zan agreed. Liu Xuande then led his own three thousand men with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as the advance force, while Zilong followed with two thousand men, and they marched toward Xuzhou.

Mi Zhu returned and reported to Tao Qian that Kong Rong of Beihai had also secured Liu Xuande’s aid. Chen Yuanlong likewise returned to report that Tian Kai of Qingzhou had gladly led troops to the rescue. Tao Qian’s mind was set at ease. But the two armies under Kong Rong and Tian Kai feared the ferocity of Cao Cao’s troops. They set up camps far away beneath the hills and did not dare advance lightly. When Cao Cao saw that the two armies had arrived, he too divided his forces and did not dare press forward to attack the city.

When Liu Xuande’s army arrived, he met Kong Rong. Kong Rong said, “Cao Cao’s army is powerful, and Cao Cao is also skilled in warfare. We must not lightly give battle. Let us first watch his movements, and then advance.” Liu Xuande said, “I only fear that there is no grain in the city and that it cannot hold out long. I will order Yunzhang and Zilong to lead four thousand troops and assist under your command. Zhang Fei and I will rush toward Cao Cao’s camp, pass straight through to Xuzhou, and meet Governor Tao to discuss our plans.” Kong Rong was overjoyed. He joined forces with Tian Kai, arranging their camps to support each other like the two horns of an animal, while Yunzhang and Zilong led troops to provide support on both sides. That day, Liu Xuande and Zhang Fei led one thousand men in an attack along the edge of Cao Cao’s camp. While they were advancing, a drum suddenly sounded within the camp. Cavalry and infantry poured out like surging tides and rolling waves. At their head was a great officer, Yu Jin, who reined in his horse and shouted, “Madman, where are you going?” When Zhang Fei saw him, he wasted no words and charged directly at Yu Jin. Their horses met, and they fought for several bouts. Liu Xuande drew his paired swords and signaled his troops to advance in force. Yu Jin was defeated and fled. Zhang Fei pursued and killed at the front, driving straight to the walls of Xuzhou. From the city wall, they saw a red banner with white characters that read in large writing, “Liu Xuande of Pingyuan.” Tao Qian quickly ordered the gate opened. Liu Xuande entered the city, where Tao Qian received him, and together they went to the government offices. After the formal courtesies, Tao Qian gave a banquet for him while also rewarding and comforting the troops.

When Tao Qian saw Liu Xuande’s lofty bearing and heard his open and generous speech, he was delighted. He ordered Mi Zhu to bring the official tablet and seal of Xuzhou and offered them to Liu Xuande. Liu Xuande was startled and said, “What do you mean by this?” Tao Qian said, “The realm is now in disorder, and the royal order has collapsed. You are a kinsman of the Han imperial house and should devote your strength to supporting the state. I am old and incapable, and I willingly yield Xuzhou to you. Do not refuse. I shall personally write a memorial and report the matter to the imperial court.” Liu Xuande left his seat and bowed twice, saying, “Although Liu Bei is descended from the Han dynasty, my achievements are slight and my virtue is poor. Even as Chancellor of Pingyuan, I fear I am unfit for office. I came now to assist you only for the sake of great righteousness. In saying this, can it be that you suspect Liu Bei of harboring the desire to annex your territory? If I have such a thought, may Heaven give me no protection!” Tao Qian said, “These are my true feelings.” He offered Xuzhou again and again, but Liu Xuande would not accept it. Mi Zhu came forward and said, “The enemy is now at the city walls. We should first discuss a plan to drive them back. When the matter is settled, you may offer Xuzhou again.” Liu Xuande said, “I shall send a letter to Cao Cao and urge him to make peace. If he refuses, it will not be too late to fight.” He therefore sent proclamations to the three camps, ordering them to keep their troops in place, and sent a messenger carrying a letter to Cao Cao.

Cao Cao was in his army discussing affairs with his officers when someone reported that a letter of challenge had come from Xuzhou. Cao Cao opened and read it. It was a letter from Liu Bei, which said in brief: “Since I had the honor of seeing your face outside the passes, Heaven has separated us in different regions, and I have had no chance to attend you. Recently, your honored father, Lord Cao, was killed because of Zhang Kai’s cruelty. It was not Tao Gongzu’s fault. At present, the surviving remnants of the Yellow Turbans are causing disorder outside, while Dong Zhuo’s remaining followers occupy positions within. I hope that you, illustrious lord, will place the imperial court’s urgent needs before your private feud and withdraw your army from Xuzhou in order to rescue the nation from disaster. Then Xuzhou will be greatly fortunate, and the whole realm will be greatly fortunate!” After reading the letter, Cao Cao cursed loudly: “Who is Liu Bei, that he dares write to advise me? There are even words of mockery and reproach in it!” He ordered the messenger beheaded and commanded his army to attack the city with all its strength. Guo Jia advised him: “Liu Bei has come from afar to bring aid. He has offered courtesy before using force. My lord should answer him with pleasant words to make his mind careless. Then advance and attack the city, and it can be taken.” Cao Cao followed his advice. He treated the messenger generously and kept him there while waiting for a reply to be prepared.

While they were still discussing matters, a dispatch rider suddenly galloped in with news of disaster. Cao Cao asked what had happened. The rider reported that Lü Bu had taken Yanzhou by surprise and now occupied Puyang. It turned out that after Lü Bu had suffered during the disorder caused by Li Jue and Guo Si, he fled through Wuguan and went to join Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu distrusted Lü Bu because of his repeated changes of allegiance and refused to receive him. Lü Bu then went to Yuan Shao, who accepted him and joined him in defeating Zhang Yan at Changshan. Lü Bu believed that he had achieved his ambitions and treated Yuan Shao’s officers and soldiers arrogantly. Yuan Shao wanted to kill him, so Lü Bu left and went to Zhang Yang, who received him.

At that time, Pang Shu was in Chang’an and secretly sheltered Lü Bu’s wife and children, then sent them back to him. When Li Jue and Guo Si learned of this, they beheaded Pang Shu and wrote to Zhang Yang, ordering him to kill Lü Bu. Lü Bu therefore abandoned Zhang Yang and went to Zhang Miao. Just then Zhang Miao’s younger brother, Zhang Chao, brought Chen Gong to see Zhang Miao. Chen Gong said to Zhang Miao, “The realm is now breaking apart, and heroes are rising everywhere. You command the forces of a territory one thousand li across, yet you submit to another man’s control. Is that not shameful? Cao Cao has now gone east on campaign, leaving Yanzhou empty, while Lü Bu is a warrior of the present age. If you join him in taking Yanzhou, you may build the achievements of a hegemon.” Zhang Miao was delighted and ordered Lü Bu to take Yanzhou by surprise and then occupy Puyang. Only three places—Juancheng, Dong’e, and Fan County—remained secure because Xun Yu and Cheng Yu formed plans, connected their defenses, and held the cities to the death. All the other places fell. Cao Ren fought repeatedly but could win no victory, and so he sent this urgent appeal. When Cao Cao heard the report, he was greatly alarmed and said, “If Yanzhou is lost, I will have no home to return to. I must deal with this at once!” Guo Jia said, “This is an excellent chance for my lord to do Liu Bei a favor. Withdraw your army and go recover Yanzhou.” Cao Cao agreed. He immediately wrote a reply to Liu Bei, struck camp, and withdrew his troops.

The messenger returned to Xuzhou, entered the city, and met Tao Qian. He presented Cao Cao’s letter and reported that Cao Cao’s army had already withdrawn. Tao Qian was overjoyed and sent men to invite Kong Rong, Tian Kai, Yunzhang, Zilong, and the others to a great gathering in the city. When the banquet was over, Tao Qian invited Liu Xuande to the highest seat, folded his hands, and said before everyone, “I am old, and my two sons lack ability. They are unfit to bear the state’s heavy responsibilities. Lord Liu is a descendant of the imperial house, broad in virtue and high in talent, and may govern Xuzhou. I willingly ask to retire and tend to my illness.” Liu Xuande said, “Kong Wenju sent me to rescue Xuzhou for the sake of righteousness. If I now occupy it without cause and make it my own, the world will regard me as an unrighteous man.” Mi Zhu said, “The Han imperial house is now in decline, and all within the seas is overturned. This is precisely the time to establish achievements and build a great enterprise. Xuzhou is rich and flourishing, with a million households and inhabitants. Governor Liu should rule it and must not refuse.” Liu Xuande said, “I absolutely dare not accept this command.” Chen Deng said, “Governor Tao is often ill and cannot manage affairs. Illustrious lord, do not refuse.” Liu Xuande said, “Yuan Gonglu comes from a family that produced Three Excellencies over four generations, and all within the seas turn to him. He is nearby in Shouchun. Why not yield the province to him?” Kong Rong said, “Yuan Gonglu is nothing but dry bones in a tomb. Why even mention him? In the matter before us today, if Heaven gives and you do not take, regret will be beyond recovery.”

Liu Xuande remained firm and would not accept. Tao Qian wept and said, “If you abandon me and leave, I will die unable to close my eyes!” Yunzhang said, “Since Lord Tao has offered it to you, Elder Brother, you may take temporary charge of the province’s affairs.” Zhang Fei said, “It is not as if we are forcing him to give us his province and commanderies. He is offering them out of goodwill, so why refuse so bitterly?” Liu Xuande said, “Do you wish to drive me into unrighteousness?” Tao Qian offered Xuzhou again and again, but Liu Xuande still would not accept. Tao Qian said, “If Xuande is determined not to agree, there is a nearby town called Xiaopei, which is suitable for stationing troops. Please station your army there for the time being in order to protect Xuzhou. What do you say?” Everyone urged Liu Xuande to remain at Xiaopei, and he agreed. When Tao Qian had finished rewarding the army, Zhao Yun took his leave. Liu Xuande held his hand, shed tears, and parted from him. Kong Rong and Tian Kai also said their farewells and led their armies home. Liu Xuande, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei led their own forces to Xiaopei, repaired the city walls, and comforted and instructed the inhabitants.

When Cao Cao returned with his army, Cao Ren received him and reported that Lü Bu’s power was great and that he was also supported by Chen Gong. Yanzhou and Puyang had already been lost. Only Juancheng, Dong’e, and Fan County remained, because Xun Yu and Cheng Yu had devised plans to link them together and defend their walls to the death. Cao Cao said, “I judge that Lü Bu has courage but no strategy. He is not worth fearing.” He ordered the army to set up camp for the time being while they discussed further plans.

When Lü Bu learned that Cao Cao’s returning army had already passed Teng County, he summoned his deputy officers Xue Lan and Li Feng and said, “I have long wished to make use of you two. You may lead ten thousand troops and firmly defend Yanzhou. I will personally lead the army forward to defeat Cao Cao.” The two men accepted the command. Chen Gong hurried in and said, “Where do you intend to go after abandoning Yanzhou, General?” Lü Bu said, “I intend to station troops at Puyang, creating the balance of a three-legged cauldron.” Chen Gong said, “That is a mistake. Xue Lan will certainly be unable to hold Yanzhou. One hundred and eighty li directly south of here, the road through Taishan is dangerous. You could conceal ten thousand elite troops there. When Cao Cao’s soldiers hear that Yanzhou has been lost, they will certainly advance at double speed. Wait until half have passed through, then strike once, and Cao Cao can be captured.” Lü Bu said, “I have another excellent plan for stationing troops at Puyang. How could you understand it?” He therefore rejected Chen Gong’s advice, placed Xue Lan in command of Yanzhou’s defense, and departed.

When Cao Cao’s army reached the dangerous road through Taishan, Guo Jia said, “We must not advance yet. I fear there are troops in ambush here.” Cao Cao laughed and said, “Lü Bu is a man without strategy. That is why he ordered Xue Lan to defend Yanzhou while he himself went to Puyang. How could he have an ambush here? Order Cao Ren to lead one army in surrounding Yanzhou. I will advance on Puyang and quickly attack Lü Bu.”

When Chen Gong heard that Cao Cao’s army was approaching, he offered a plan: “Cao Cao’s soldiers have come from far away and are weary. Our advantage lies in fighting quickly. We must not allow them to recover their strength.” Lü Bu said, “Alone on one horse, I have ridden freely across the realm. Why should I fear Cao Cao? Wait until he has set up camp, and I will capture him myself.”

When Cao Cao’s army approached Puyang, it halted and set up camp. The next day, Cao Cao led his officers out and arranged his army in the open country. Cao Cao reined in his horse beneath the commander’s standard and watched Lü Bu’s troops approach from afar. As the formation closed into a circle, Lü Bu rode out first. Eight fierce officers formed ranks on either side of him. The first was from Mayi in Yanmen: his surname was Zhang, his given name Liao, and his courtesy name Wenyuan. The second was from Huayin in Taishan: his surname was Zang, his given name Ba, and his courtesy name Xuangao. These two officers also led six fierce officers: Hao Meng, Cao Xing, Cheng Lian, Wei Xu, Song Xian, and Hou Cheng. Lü Bu’s army numbered fifty thousand, and the thunder of its drums shook the ground. Cao Cao pointed at Lü Bu and said, “You and I have never had a feud. Why have you seized my province and commanderies?” Lü Bu replied, “The cities of the Han belong to everyone. Why should you alone possess them?” He then ordered Zang Ba to ride out and challenge Cao Cao’s army. Yue Jin rode from Cao Cao’s ranks to meet him. Their horses met, and both spears rose together. They fought for more than thirty bouts without either winning. Xiahou Dun spurred his horse forward to join the fight, but Zhang Liao rode from Lü Bu’s formation and intercepted him. Lü Bu’s temper flared. Leveling his halberd and urging his horse forward, he charged out from the formation. Xiahou Dun and Yue Jin both fled. Lü Bu pressed the attack, and Cao Cao’s army suffered a crushing defeat and retreated thirty or forty li. Lü Bu then withdrew his troops.

After losing the battle, Cao Cao returned to camp and discussed matters with his officers. Yu Jin said, “Today I climbed a hill to observe the country. West of Puyang, Lü Bu has a camp that seems to hold few troops. Tonight, believing that our army has fled in defeat, they will certainly be unprepared. We can lead troops against it. If we take the camp, Lü Bu’s army will surely become afraid. This is the best plan.” Cao Cao followed his advice. Taking six officers—Cao Hong, Li Dian, Mao Jie, Lü Qian, Yu Jin, and Dian Wei—he selected twenty thousand cavalry and infantry and advanced through the night along a minor road.

Meanwhile, Lü Bu was rewarding his troops in camp. Chen Gong said, “The western camp is a vital position. What will we do if Cao Cao attacks it by surprise?” Lü Bu replied, “He lost a battle today. How would he dare come?” Chen Gong said, “Cao Cao is exceptionally skilled in warfare. We must guard against his attacking us where we are unprepared.” Lü Bu therefore assigned Gao Shun, together with Wei Xu and Hou Cheng, to lead troops to defend the western camp.

At dusk, Cao Cao led his troops to the western camp and broke in from all four sides. The camp’s defenders could not resist and scattered in every direction, and Cao Cao seized the camp. Near the fourth watch, Gao Shun finally arrived with his troops and fought his way inside. Cao Cao personally led his soldiers to meet him and encountered Gao Shun head-on. The two armies became mixed in fierce battle. As dawn approached, drums thundered directly to the west, and someone reported that Lü Bu was personally leading an army toward them. Cao Cao abandoned the camp and fled. Gao Shun, Wei Xu, and Hou Cheng pursued from behind, while Lü Bu himself arrived with troops ahead. Yu Jin and Yue Jin fought Lü Bu together but could not hold him, and Cao Cao fled north. A body of troops emerged from behind the hills, with Zhang Liao on the left and Zang Ba on the right. Cao Cao ordered Lü Qian and Cao Hong to fight them, but the battle went badly, and Cao Cao fled west. Suddenly, there was another great burst of shouting as a body of troops arrived. Four officers—Hao Meng, Cao Xing, Cheng Lian, and Song Xian—blocked the road. Cao Cao’s officers fought desperately, while Cao Cao led the charge against the formation. At the sound of the wooden clappers, arrows came pouring down like driving rain.

Cao Cao could not advance and had no plan for escape. He shouted, “Who will save me?” An officer leaped out from among the cavalry. It was Dian Wei. Brandishing his paired iron halberds, he shouted, “Do not worry, my lord!” He sprang from his horse, planted his two halberds in the ground, took more than ten short halberds, and tucked them under his arm. He said to his attendants, “Do not call out to me until the bandits are ten paces away!” Then he strode forward beneath the arrows. Several dozen horsemen from Lü Bu’s army pursued him. His attendants shouted, “Ten paces!” Dian Wei said, “Do not call to me until they are five paces away!” His attendants then said, “Five paces!” Dian Wei hurled his halberds at them. With every halberd, one man fell from his horse. Not a single cast missed, and in moments he killed more than ten men. The rest all fled. Dian Wei sprang back onto his horse, raised his pair of great iron halberds, and charged into the enemy. The four officers Hao Meng, Cao Xing, Cheng Lian, and Song Xian could not withstand him and each fled. Dian Wei scattered the enemy and rescued Cao Cao. The other officers soon arrived behind them, and they found a road back to camp. As evening drew near, shouts rose behind them. Lü Bu came galloping after them with his halberd raised and shouted, “Cao Cao, you traitor, do not run!” By then, men and horses alike were exhausted. They looked at one another, each seeking a way to escape with his life. Indeed:

Though for a time he breaks free from the heavy ring,He may not withstand the fierce foe pursuing him.

What became of Cao Cao’s life will be explained in the next chapter.