Attributed to Nestor the Chronicler · Complete work
1112–1114: Deaths of Princes and Tales of the Far North
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В лѣто 6620. Индикта 5. Ярославъ ходи на ятвязѣ, сынъ Святополчь, и побѣди я, и, пришедъ с войны, посла Новугороду и поя Мьстиславлю дщерь собѣ женѣ, Володимерю внуку, мѣсяца маия въ 12, а приведена бысть июня въ 29. Того же лѣта ведоша Володимерьну Офимью въ Угры за короля. Того же лѣта преставися Давыдъ Игоревичь, мѣсяца маия въ 25, и положено бысть тѣло его въ 29 въ церькви святыя Богородица Влахѣрнѣ на Кловѣ. Томъ же лѣтѣ преставися Янка, дщи Всеволожа, сестра Володимѣра, мѣсяца ноября въ 3 день, положена бысть у церкви святаго Андрѣя, юже бѣ создалъ отець ея; ту бо ся бѣ и постьригла у церкви тоя, дѣвою сущи. Исходящю же сему лѣту, и поставиша Феоктиста епископомъ Чернѣгову, игумена Печерьскаго, мѣсяца генваря въ 12 день, а посаженъ на столѣ въ 19. И радъ бѣ князь Давыдъ и княгини, бѣ бо ѣй отець духовный, и бояре, и вси людье радовахуся; бѣ бо пред нимъ епископъ боленъ и не моги служити, и лежа в болести лѣтъ 25; тѣмьже князь и людье жадаху епискуплѣ службѣ и радовахуся, славяще Бога. Сему же тако бывьшю и братьи сущи безъ игумена, совокупившимся братьи всѣй, и нарекоша в собѣ игумена Прохора попина, и възвистиша митрополиту и князю Святополку о немь. И повелѣ князь митрополиту поставити с радостью. И поставленъ бысть недѣлѣ Масленоѣ в четвергъ, мѣсяца февраля въ 9 день. И тако внидоша в постъ братья и со игуменомъ.
В лѣто 6621. Бысть знаменье въ солнци въ 1 часъ дьне, бысть видити всѣмъ людемъ: остася солнца мало, аки мѣсяца доловъ рогома, мѣсяца марта въ 19 день, а луны въ 29. Се же бывають знаменья не на добро; бывають знаменья въ солнци и в лунѣ или звѣздами не по всей землѣ, но в которой любо землѣ аще будеть знаменье, то та земля и видить, и ина земля не видить. Тако се древле, во дни […] Онтиоховы быша знаменья въ Ерусалимѣ, ключися являтися на въздуси на конихъ рыщуще во оружьи, и оружьемь двизанье, то се бяше въ Иерусолимѣ токмо, а по инымъ землямъ не бяше сего. Якожь бысть знаменье въ солнцѣ, проявляше Святополчю смерть. По семь бо приспѣ празникъ пасхы, и празьноваша, и по празницѣ разболися князь. А преставися благовѣрный князь Михаилъ, зовемый Святополкъ, мѣсяца априля въ 16 день за Вышегородомъ. И привезоша ̀и в лодьи Киеву, и спрятавше тѣло его, и възложиша на санѣ.
И плакашеся по немь бояре и дружина его вся, пѣвше над нимь обычныя пѣсни, и положиша въ церкви святаго Михаила, юже бѣ самъ создалъ. Княгини же его много раздили богатьстьво монастыремъ и попомъ, и убогымъ, яко дивитися всѣмъ человѣкомъ, яко такоя милости никтоже можеть створити. Наутрия же, въ семы на 10 день, свѣтъ створиша кияне, послаша к Володимеру, глаголюще: «Поиди, княже, на столъ отенъ и дѣденъ». Се слышавъ, Володимеръ плакася велми и не поиде, жаляси по братѣ. Кияни же разъграбиша дворъ Путятинъ, тысячького, идоша на жиды и разграбиша я. И послашася паки кияне к Володимеру, глаголюще: «Поиди, княже, Киеву; аще ли не поидеши, то вѣси, яко много зла уздвигнеться, то ти не Путятинъ дворъ, ни соцькихъ, но и жиды грабити, и паки ти поидуть на ятровь твою и на бояры, и на манастырѣ, и будеши отвѣтъ имѣти, княже, оже ти манастырѣ разъграбять».
Се же слышавъ, Володимеръ поиде в Киевъ.
Начало княженья Володимѣря, сына Всеволожа. Володимеръ Мономахъ сѣде Киевѣ в недѣлю. Усрѣтоша же ̀и митрополитъ Никифоръ съ епископы и со всими кияне с честью великою. Сѣдѣ на столѣ отца своего и дѣдъ своихъ, и вси людье ради быша, и мятежь влеже. Слышавше же половцѣ смерть Святополчю, и съвокупившеся, и придоша къ Выры. Володимеръ же, совокупивъ сыны свои и сыновцѣ, иде къ Выру и совокупися съ Олгомъ, половцѣ же бѣжаша. Того же лѣта посади сына своего Святослава в Переяславлѣ, а Вячьслава у Смоленьскѣ. В се же лѣто преставися игуменья Лазорева манастыря, свята житьемь, мѣсяца семьтября въ 4 на десять день, живши лѣтъ шестьдесятъ в чернечествѣ, а от роженья девяносто лѣтъ и два. В се же лѣто поя Володимеръ за сына своего Романа Володаревну, мѣсяца семьтября въ 1 на десятъ день. В се же лѣто Мьстиславъ заложи церковь камяну святаго Николы на княжѣ дворѣ, у торговища Новѣгородѣ. Того же лѣта посади сына своего Ярополка в Переяславлѣ. Томъ же лѣтѣ поставиша епископа Данила Гургеву, а Бѣлугороду Никиту.
В лѣто 6622. Преставися Святославъ, сынъ Володимеръ, мѣсяца марта 16 день, и положенъ бысть во Переяславлѣ у церкви святаго Михаила; ту бо отець ему далъ столъ, выведы ̀и изъ Смоленьска. В се же лѣто Мьстиславъ заложи Новъгородъ болий перваго. В се же лѣто заложена бысть Ладога камениемъ на приспѣ Павломъ посадникомъ при князѣ Мьстиславѣ.
Пришедшю ми в Ладогу, повѣдаша ми ладожане, яко сдѣ есть: «Егда будеть туча велика, находять дѣти наши глазкы стекляныи, и малы и великыи, провертаны, а другые подлѣ Волховъ беруть, еже выполоскываеть вода», от нихъ же взяхъ боле ста, суть же различь. Сему же ми ся дивлящю, рекоша ми: «Се не дивно; и суть и еще мужи старии ходили за Югру и за Самоядь, яко видивше сами на полунощныхъ странахъ: спаде туча, и в той тучи спаде вѣверица млада, акы топерво рожена, и възрастъши, и расходится по земли. И пакы бываеть другая туча, и спадають оленци мали в нѣй, и възрастають и расходятся по земли». Сему же ми есть послухъ посадникъ Павелъ ладожкый и вси ладожане.
Аще ли кто сему вѣры не иметь, да почтет фронографа. «Въ царство Прово, дожгьцю бывшю и тучи велиции, пшеница с водою многою смѣшена спаде, юже събравше, насыпаша сусѣкы велия. Тако же при Аврильянѣ крохти сребреныя спадоша, а въ Африкѣи три камени спадоша превелици». И бысть по потопѣ и по раздѣленьи языкъ «поча царьствовати первое Местромъ от рода Хамова, по немь Еремия, по немь Феоста», иже и Соварога нарекоша егуптяне. «Царствующю сему Феостѣ въ Егуптѣ, въ время царства его спадоша клѣщѣ съ небесѣ, нача ковати оружье, прѣже бо того палицами и камениемъ бьяхуся. Тъ же Феоста законъ устави женамъ за единъ мужь посагати и ходити говеющи, а иже прелюбы дѣющи, казнити повелѣваше. Сего ради прозваша ̀и богъ Сварогъ». «Преже бо сего жены блудяху к немуже хотяше, и бяху, акы скотъ, блудяще. Аще родяшеть дѣтищь, который ѣй любъ бываше, дашеть: „Се твое дѣтя“. Он же, створяше празнество, приимаше. Феость же сь законъ расыпа и въстави единому мюжю едину жену имѣти и женѣ за одинъ мужь посагати; аще ли кто переступить, да ввергуть ̀и в пещь огнену».
«Сего ради прозваша и́ Сварогомъ и блажиша и́ егуптяне. И по семъ царствова сынъ его, именемъ Солнце, егоже наричють Даждьбогъ, семъ тысящь и 400 и семъдесять дний, яко быти лѣтома двемадесятьмя ти полу. Нѣ видяху бо егуптяне инии чисти; ови по лунѣ чтяху, а друзии деньми лѣта чтяху; двою бо на десять мѣсяцю число потомъ увѣдаша, отнележе начаша человѣци дань давати царемъ. Солнце царь, сынъ Свароговъ, еже есть Дажьбогъ, бѣ бо мужь силенъ. Слышавше нѣ от кого жену нѣкую от егуптянинъ богату и в сану сущю и нѣкоему, въсхотѣвшю блудити с нею, искаше ея, яти ю хотя. И не хотя отца своего закона расыпати, Сварожа, поемъ со собою мужь нѣколко своихъ, разумѣвъ годину, егда прелюбы дѣеть, нощью припаде на ню, не удоси мужа с нею, а ону обрѣте лежащю съ инѣмъ, с нимъже хотяше. Емъ же ю, и мучи, и пусти ю водити по земли в коризнѣ, а того любодѣица всѣкну. И бысть чисто житье по всей земли Егупетьской, и хвалити начаша». Но мы не предолжимъ слова, но рцѣмъ съ Давидомъ: «Вся елико въсхотѣ и створи Господь на небеси и на земли, в мори, въ всихъ безнахъ, възводяй облакы от послѣднихъ земли».
Се бо и бысть послѣдняя земля, о нейже сказахомъ первое.
Musean translation
Mouseia’s complete machine-assisted Musean translation, made directly from the Old East Slavic text of the Hypatian Codex (O. V. Tvorogov’s 1997 edition, pinned Russian Wikisource revision), covering the undated introduction and every annal from 6360 to 6625 (852–1117 CE). Worker drafts were checked against the source paragraph by paragraph before publication. Years keep the chronicle’s own reckoning from the creation of the world; subtract 5508 for the approximate year CE, as the chapter titles do.
In the year 6620, indiction 5. Yaroslav, son of Sviatopolk, marched against the Yatvingians and defeated them, and on returning from the campaign he sent to Novgorod and took Mstislav's daughter, Vladimir's granddaughter, to be his wife, on May 12, and she was brought to him on June 29. That same year Vladimir's daughter Euphemia was led to the Magyars, to be married to the king. That same year David Igorevich died on May 25, and his body was laid to rest on the 29th in the church of the holy Mother of God of Blachernae at Klov. In that same year Yanka, daughter of Vsevolod and sister of Vladimir, died on November 3, and she was buried at the church of St. Andrew, which her father had built; there too she had received her tonsure in that church, while still a maiden. And as this year ran out, Theoktist, abbot of the Caves, was consecrated bishop of Chernihiv, on January 12, and was enthroned on the 19th. And Prince David and the princess rejoiced, for he was her spiritual father, and the boyars and all the people rejoiced; for the bishop before him had been sick and unable to serve, and had lain in illness for 25 years; therefore the prince and the people longed for a bishop's service, and they rejoiced, glorifying God. And when this had happened, and the brethren were left without an abbot, all the brothers gathered together and chose from among themselves Prokhor the priest as abbot, and informed the metropolitan and Prince Sviatopolk about him. And the prince ordered the metropolitan to consecrate him with rejoicing. And he was consecrated on the Thursday of Cheese-fare week, on February 9. And so the brothers entered the fast together with their abbot.
In the year 6621. There was a sign in the sun at the 1st hour of the day, visible to all people: little of the sun remained, like the horns of a crescent moon, on March 19, the moon being at 29. Such signs do not come for good; signs in the sun and the moon, or in the stars, do not appear over the whole earth: whatever land a sign appears over, that land sees it, and another land does not see it. So of old, in the days of […] Antiochus, there were signs in Jerusalem: horsemen were seen riding through the air in armor, and the clash of arms—and that was in Jerusalem only, and in no other lands. And the sign in the sun portended Sviatopolk's death. For after that the feast of Easter came, and they kept the feast, and after the feast the prince fell ill. And the faithful prince Michael, called Sviatopolk, died on April 16 beyond Vyshhorod. And they brought him by boat to Kyiv, and having prepared the body, they laid it on a sledge.
And his boyars and all his retinue wept for him, singing over him the customary songs, and they laid him in the church of St. Michael, which he himself had built. And his princess gave away much of her wealth to the monasteries, and to priests, and to the poor, so that all people marveled, for no one could do such alms. The next morning, on the 17th, the people of Kyiv held a council and sent to Vladimir, saying: “Come, prince, to your father's and grandfather's throne.” Hearing this, Vladimir wept greatly and did not go, grieving for his brother. But the Kyivans plundered the court of Putiata the chiliarch, and went against the Jews and plundered them. And the Kyivans sent again to Vladimir, saying: “Come, prince, to Kyiv; if you do not come, know that much evil will be stirred up: then it will be no longer Putiata's court, nor the sotniks’ courts, but the Jews that they plunder; and then they will go against your sister-in-law, and against the boyars, and against the monasteries, and you will have to answer for it, prince, if they plunder the monasteries.”
When Vladimir heard this, he set out for Kyiv.
The beginning of the reign of Vladimir, son of Vsevolod. Vladimir Monomakh sat in Kyiv on a Sunday. And Metropolitan Nikephoros met him with the bishops and with all the people of Kyiv with great honor. He sat upon the throne of his father and of his grandfathers, and all the people rejoiced, and the tumult subsided. When the Cumans heard of Sviatopolk's death, they gathered and came to Vyr. And Vladimir, gathering his sons and his nephews, marched to Vyr and joined Oleg, and the Cumans fled. That same year he seated his son Sviatoslav in Pereiaslav, and Viacheslav in Smolensk. In that same year the abbess of the Lazarus Monastery, holy in her life, died on September 14, having lived sixty years in the monastic life, and ninety and two years from her birth. In that same year Vladimir married Roman to Volodar's daughter, on September 11. In that same year Mstislav founded the stone church of St. Nicholas on the princely court, at the marketplace in Novgorod. That same year he seated his son Yaropolk in Pereiaslav. That same year they consecrated Daniil bishop of Yuriev, and Nikita of Bilhorod.
In the year 6622. Sviatoslav, son of Vladimir, died on March 16, and he was buried in Pereiaslav at the church of St. Michael; for there his father had given him a throne, bringing him out of Smolensk. In that same year Mstislav laid out a new Novgorod, larger than the first. In that same year Ladoga was founded of stone by the governor Pavel, under Prince Mstislav.
When I came to Ladoga, the men of Ladoga told me this: “When a great storm-cloud passes, our children find glass eyes here, small and large, pierced through; and others pick them up along the Volkhov, where the water washes them out.” Of these I took more than a hundred, and they are of many kinds. As I marveled at this, they said to me: “This is nothing to marvel at; there are yet old men who went beyond Yugra and beyond the Samoyeds, who saw it themselves in the northern lands: a cloud fell, and out of that cloud there fell young squirrels, as if newly born, and they grew and scattered over the land. And again another cloud comes, and in it fall little fawns of the deer, and they grow and scatter over the land.” To this I have for witness Pavel, governor of Ladoga, and all the Ladogans.
If anyone has no faith in this, let him read the Chronograph. “In the reign of Probus, when there was rain and great clouds, wheat mixed with much water fell, and gathering it, they filled great granaries. So too under Aurelian bits of silver fell, and in Africa three very great stones fell.” And after the flood and the dividing of the tongues, “Mestrom, of the line of Ham, began to reign first; after him Jeremias, after him Feost,” whom the Egyptians also called Svarog. “While this Feost reigned in Egypt, in the time of his reign tongs fell from heaven, and he began to forge weapons; before that, men fought with clubs and stones. And this Feost made a law that women should be given in marriage to one husband and live with him in chastity, and whoever committed adultery he commanded to be punished. For this they named him the god Svarog.” “For before this, women gave themselves to whomever they would, and lived wantonly, like cattle. If a woman bore a child, she gave it to whichever man she favored, saying: ‘Here is your child’; and he, making a feast, received it. But Feost abolished this custom and ordained that one man should have one wife and a wife should marry one husband; and whoever transgressed, let him be cast into a fiery furnace.”
“For this they called him Svarog and the Egyptians blessed him. And after him reigned his son, named Sun, whom they call Dazhbog—7 thousand 400 and 70 days, which makes twenty years and a half. For the Egyptians did not all have a pure reckoning: some counted by the moon, and others counted the days of the year; for the number of twelve months they learned afterward, from the time when men began to pay tribute to kings. Sun the king, son of Svarog—he is Dazhbog—was a strong man. Having heard from someone of a certain woman of the Egyptians, rich and of high rank, he desired to commit adultery with her, and sought her, meaning to seize her. And not wishing to break his father's law—for he was Svarog's son—he took with him some of his men, and learned the hour when the adultery was being done, and by night he came upon them; he did not find her husband with her, but found her lying with another, with the very one she wished; and seizing her, he tormented her and had her led about the land in disgrace, and the adulterer he put to death. And there was pure living throughout all the land of Egypt, and they began to praise him.” But we shall not prolong the word; let us say with David: “Whatsoever the Lord willed, that he did, in heaven and on earth, in the sea, and in all the abysses, raising up the clouds from the ends of the earth.”
For this was the last land, of which we told at the beginning.
Plain English translation
Mouseia’s complete Plain English edition, made independently and directly from the same Old East Slavic text of the Hypatian Codex, paragraph for paragraph, and checked against the source before publication.
In the year 6620, indiction 5. Yaroslav, Sviatopolk's son, marched against the Yatvingians and defeated them, and coming back from the campaign, he sent to Novgorod and took Mstislav's daughter, Vladimir's granddaughter, as his wife on May 12, and she was brought to him on June 29. In the same year Vladimir's daughter Euphemia was led to the Magyars as wife for the king. In the same year David Igorevich died on May 25, and his body was laid to rest on the 29th in the church of the holy Mother of God of Blachernae at Klov. In the same year Yanka, Vsevolod's daughter, Vladimir's sister, died on November 3; she was buried at the church of St. Andrew, which her father had built; for it was there that she had taken the veil, while still a maiden. As this year was ending, they made Theoktist, abbot of the Caves, bishop of Chernihiv, on January 12, and he was enthroned on the 19th. Prince David and the princess were glad, for he was their spiritual father, and the boyars and all the people rejoiced; for the bishop before him had been sick and unable to serve, and had lain in illness for 25 years; so the prince and the people longed for a bishop's service and rejoiced, glorifying God. When this had happened, and the brothers were left without an abbot, the whole brotherhood gathered and chose Prokhor the priest as abbot among themselves, and reported him to the metropolitan and to Prince Sviatopolk. And the prince ordered the metropolitan to consecrate him with joy. He was consecrated on Thursday of Cheesefare week, February 9. And so the brothers entered the fast with their abbot.
In the year 6621. There was a sign in the sun in the 1st hour of the day, and all people could see it: little of the sun remained, like the crescent of the moon with its horns turned down, on March 19, with the moon 29 days old. Such signs do not happen for good. Signs happen in the sun and in the moon, or among the stars, not over the whole earth: whatever land a sign happens over, that land sees it, and another land does not see it. So of old, in the days of […] Antiochus, there were signs in Jerusalem: armed riders appeared dashing through the air, and the movement of weapons; that was in Jerusalem alone, and in other lands there was nothing of it. And as the sign in the sun happened, it announced Sviatopolk's death. For after that the feast of Easter came, and they kept it, and after the feast the prince fell ill. And the faithful prince Michael, called Sviatopolk, died on April 16, beyond Vyshhorod. They brought him by boat to Kyiv, and having prepared his body, they laid it on a sledge.
And the boyars wept for him, and all his retinue, singing over him the customary songs, and they laid him in the church of St. Michael, which he himself had built. His widow gave away much of her wealth to monasteries and priests, and to the poor, so that all people marveled, that no one could do such charity. The next morning, on the 17th, the Kyivans held a council and sent to Vladimir, saying: “Come, prince, to your father's and grandfather's throne.” Hearing this, Vladimir wept greatly and did not go, grieving for his brother. The Kyivans plundered the court of Putiata the chiliarch, went against the Jews, and plundered them. And the Kyivans sent again to Vladimir, saying: “Come, prince, to Kyiv; if you do not come, know that much evil will be raised up: it will not be only Putiata's court and the hundredmen's courts — they will plunder the Jews again, and then they will go against your sister-in-law, and the boyars, and the monasteries, and you will have to answer for it, prince, if they plunder the monasteries.”
Hearing this, Vladimir set out for Kyiv.
The beginning of the reign of Vladimir, son of Vsevolod. Vladimir Monomakh sat in Kyiv on a Sunday. Metropolitan Nikephoros met him with the bishops and with all the Kyivans, with great honor. He sat on the throne of his father and his grandfathers, and all the people were glad, and the unrest subsided. Hearing of Sviatopolk's death, the Cumans gathered and came to Vyr. Vladimir, gathering his sons and his nephews, went to Vyr and joined with Oleg, and the Cumans fled. In the same year he seated his son Sviatoslav in Pereiaslav, and Viacheslav in Smolensk. In the same year the abbess of the Lazarus Monastery died — holy in her life — on September 14, having lived 60 years in monasticism, and 92 years from her birth. In the same year Vladimir took Volodar's daughter as wife for his son Roman, on September 11. In the same year Mstislav laid the foundations of a stone church of St. Nicholas on the princely court, by the marketplace, in Novgorod. In the same year he seated his son Yaropolk in Pereiaslav. In the same year they consecrated Daniil bishop of Yuriev, and Nikita of Bilhorod.
In the year 6622. Sviatoslav, Vladimir's son, died on March 16, and he was buried in Pereiaslav at the church of St. Michael; for there his father had given him a throne, bringing him out of Smolensk. In the same year Mstislav laid out Novgorod, larger than before. In the same year the building of Ladoga in stone was begun, by the governor Pavel, under Prince Mstislav.
When I came to Ladoga, the people of Ladoga told me what happens here: “When a great cloud comes, our children find little glass eyes, small and large, pierced through, and others pick them up along the Volkhov, where the water washes them out.” I took more than a hundred of them, and they are of different kinds. As I was marveling at this, they said to me: “This is no wonder; there are still old men alive who have traveled beyond Yugra and beyond the Samoyed land, and saw with their own eyes in the northern lands: a cloud fell, and in that cloud a young squirrel fell, as if newly born, and when it grew, it spread over the land. And again another cloud comes, and small fawns fall in it, and they grow and spread over the land.” Pavel, governor of Ladoga, and all the people of Ladoga are my witnesses to this.
If anyone does not believe this, let him read the Chronograph. “In the reign of Probus, when there was rain and great clouds, wheat mixed with much water fell; gathering it, people filled great granaries. So too under Aurelian small pieces of silver fell, and in Africa three very great stones fell.” And after the Flood and the division of the tongues, “Mestrom of the race of Ham first began to reign; after him Jeremias, after him Feost,” whom the Egyptians also called Svarog. “While this Feost reigned in Egypt, in the time of his reign tongs fell from heaven, and he began to forge weapons; before that, people fought with clubs and stones. This Feost made a law that a woman should be married to one man and live in purity, and he ordered that those who committed adultery be punished. For this they named him the god Svarog.” “For before this time women went astray with whomever they wished, and they lived like cattle, going from one to another. If a woman bore a child, she gave it to whichever man she loved: ‘Here is your child.’ And he would hold a feast and take it. Feost destroyed this law and established that one man should have one wife, and a wife be married to one husband; whoever transgressed, they threw him into a fiery furnace.”
“For this the Egyptians named him Svarog and blessed him. And after this his son reigned, named the Sun, whom they call Dazhbog — 7 thousand and 400 and 70 days, which makes twenty years and a half. For the Egyptians had no single way of counting: some counted by the moon, and others counted by the days of the year; only later did they learn the count of 12 months, from the time when men began to pay tribute to emperors. The Sun tsar, son of Svarog, which is Dazhbog, was a strong man. He heard from someone of a certain Egyptian woman, rich and of high standing, and he wanted to commit adultery with her; he sought her, wanting to seize her. Not wanting to break his father Svarog's law, he took several of his men with him, learned the hour when the adultery was happening, and by night fell upon her — he did not find her husband with her, but found her lying with another, with whom she wished to be. He seized her, tormented her, and had her led about the land in disgrace, and struck down that adulterer. And pure living came over all the land of Egypt, and they began to praise him.” But we will not prolong the word; let us say with David: “All that the Lord willed, he did, in heaven and on earth, in the sea, and in all the deeps, raising clouds from the ends of the earth.”
For this was indeed the last land, of which we spoke at the first.